scholarly journals A Critical Review of Capital Structure Theories

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Javed ◽  
Agha Jahanzeb . ◽  
Saif-ur-Rehman .
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Market Timing ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Agency Cost ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Trade Off

The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize and appreciate the theories of capital structure starting from theory of Miller and Modigliani (1958) of capital structure, which is also known as irrelevance theory of capital structure and also including theory like pecking order theory, trade off theory, market timing theory and agency cost theory. In addition, authors have tried to explain the theories and their contradiction with each other in detail. This paper will be an addition to understand the theories of capital structure.

scholarly journals Firm characteristics and capital structure adjustment

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston Pontoh ◽  
Novi Swandari Budiarso
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Market Timing ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Public Firms

The adjustment for the firm capital structure is unclear from perspectives of trade-off theory, pecking order theory, life cycle theory, market timing theory, and free cash flow theory, since many research findings contradict each other. Adjustments for the capital structure are complex, since the conditions for each firm are different. The objective of this study is to provide empirical evidence of how firms adjust capital structure in relationship with maturity in context of trade-off, pecking order, free cash flow, and market timing theory. In terms of hypotheses testing, this study conducts logistic regression analysis with 138 Indonesian public firms as the sample in the observed period from 2010 to 2015. To distinguish the results, this study controls the sample by size and age based on the median. The study reports that preferences for the source of funds based on the cost of capital, internal conflict, and firm maturity indicate adjustments for the firm capital structure. Based on Indonesian firms, the form of capital structure in developing countries can refer to a single model or a combination of the trade-off model and pecking order model, as well as market timing.

scholarly journals Firm Level Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence From Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sakr ◽  
Amina Bedeir
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Agency Cost ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Time Period

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the firm level determinants of capital structure of Egyptian publicly traded non-financial firms. The study investigates the firm level determinants of capital structure of Egyptian companies utilising data from the financial statements of 62 listed companies over the time period from 2003 to 2016. The study investigates whether the capital structure decisions in Egypt are closer to the assumptions of Trade-Off Theory, of Pecking Order Theory or of the Agency Cost Theory. The empirical evidence obtained allows us to conclude that Trade-Off and Pecking Order Theories are the most theories to describe the financial behaviour of the Egyptian companies' choice of capital structure whereas there was little evidence to support the agency cost theory.

scholarly journals Capital Structure Theory: An Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K.Y Abeywardhana
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Market Timing ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Equity Financing ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Capital Structure Theory

Capital structure is still a puzzle among finance scholars. Purpose of this study is to review various capital structure theories that have been proposed in the finance literature to provide clarification for the firms’ capital structure decision. Starting from the capital structure irrelevance theory of Modigliani and Miller (1958) this review examine the several theories that have been put forward to explain the capital structure.Three major theories emerged over the years following the assumption of the perfect capital market of capital structure irrelevance model. Trade off theory assumes that firms have one optimal debt ratio and firm trade off the benefit and cost of debt and equity financing. Pecking order theory (Myers, 1984, Myers and Majluf, 1984) assumes that firms follow a financing hierarchy whereby minimize the problem of information asymmetry. But neither of these two theories provide a complete description why some firms prefer debt and others prefer equity finance under different circumstances.Another theory of capital structure has introduced recently by, Baker and Wurgler (2002), market timing theory, which  explains the current capital structure as the cumulative outcome of past attempts to time the equity market. Market timing issuing behaviour has been well established empirically by others already, but Baker and Wurgler (2002) show that the influence of market timing on capital structure is regular and continuous. So the predictions of these theories sometimes acted in a contradictory manner and Myers (1984) 32 years old question “How do firms choose their capital structure?” still remains. 

scholarly journals The Effect of Pecking Order, Trade-Off and Market Timing Theories onCapital Structure in Commercial Banking Companies Listed on IDX

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laely Aghe Africa
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Market Timing ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Total Debt

Capital structure has an impact on the short and long term. Funding provided by banks is inseparable from the availability of funds from third parties in the form of savings, demand deposits and deposits. The entry of third party funds must be balanced with the funds disbursed by the company. Therefore, management policy greatly determines the position and composition of funding. This study aims to analyze and determine several capital structure theories, namely Pecking Order Theory, Trade-Off Theory and Market Timing Theory. The variable of Pecking Order Theory is represented by funding deficit, long-term debt, and total debt. The variable of Trade-Off Theory is represented by tangible assets, growth, size, profitability, total debt, and long-term debt. The variable of Market Timing Theory is represented by Equity Finance Weighted Average of market to book ratio and leverage ratio. This research is quantitative research. The samples used in this study are 100 data of commercial banking companies listed on IDX period 2011 - 2015. Data are obtained using purposive sampling method from banks registered at www.idx.go.id. Multiple Liner Regression is used in analyzing data using SPSS IBM 23. The results of the research show that Trade-Off and Market Timing Theoriescan be implemented by banking companies in terms of determining capital structure. This research implication is to enhance management choices, especially on how to set capital structure of the company.

scholarly journals Testing capital structure theories for agricultural cooperatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxi (Lance) Cheng ◽  
Ani L. Katchova
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Trade Off

This study investigates adjustments in capital structures for agricultural cooperatives and differences before and during the agricultural downturn which started in 2013. We estimate a simultaneous equation model to test for cooperatives’ capital structure strategies based on two main theories from the corporate finance literature: the trade-off theory and the pecking order theory. Estimation results reveal that agricultural cooperatives in the U.S. generally adjust to short-term financial targets for equity and debt, supporting the trade-off theory while there is little support for the pecking order theory within the agricultural cooperatives sector.

scholarly journals Capital structure determinants of hospitality sector SMEs

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Pacheco ◽  
Fernando Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Portuguese Economy ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
The Capital Structure

The main objective of this article is to study the capital structure determinants of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the hospitality sector and how this can influence their level of indebtedness. Using panel data methodology and considering a sample of 43 Portuguese hotels, the authors study the capital structure determinants between 2004 and 2013. The study examines the indebtedness level in light of the two main theories – the Trade-off theory and the Pecking Order theory. The hospitality sector was chosen because of its importance in the Portuguese economy and because this particular sector has hardly been studied. In addition to total indebtedness, the authors extend the literature by analysing the differences between short-term and long-term indebtedness. The results obtained suggest that profitability, assets tangibility, firm dimension, total liquidity and risk are key factors affecting the capital structure of hospitality sector SMEs, while growth, other tax benefits and age were not deemed relevant. These results allow us to conclude that Trade-off and Pecking Order theories should not be considered in isolation to explain the capital structure of hospitality sector SMEs.

scholarly journals DETERMINENTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN SUGAR INDUSTRY.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2694-2701
Author(s):  
Prof. Dr. Abdul Ghafoor Awan ◽  
Prof. Dr ZahirFaridi ◽  
Abdullahi ShahbazAnwer Ghaz
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Decision

Capital structure is one of the most complex areas of financial decision making because of its inter-relationship with other financial decision variables. Poor capital structure decisions can result in a high cost of capital which decreases the value of a firm. Effective capital structure decisions decrease the cost of capital and hence the value of a firm increases.  The objective of this empirical study is to analyze the factors affecting capital structure of sugar industry in Pakistan and to check whether the results confirm or not pecking order theory and trade-off theory. Different theories of capital structure have been reviewed like Modigliani and miller theory, trade-off theory, pecking order theory and market timing theory to make assumptions regarding capital structure of sugar firms. The findings are based on empirical results using panel data techniques for a sample of 30 firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange from 2008-2011. The results show that tangibility is positively associated with leverage whereas size of the firm and liquidity are negatively associated with leverage. The results of profitability and growth opportunities are insignificant.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, SIZE DAN GROWTH TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL PADA INDUSTRI BARANG KONSUMSI YANG DIDASARI OLEH PECKING ORDER THEORY DAN TRADE-OFF THEORY

Media Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Ika Yustina Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Consumer Goods Industry

This study aims to determine the effect of profitability, size and growth of the company's capital structure in the consumer goods industry sector based on the pecking order theory and trade-off theory. This research was conducted using the procedure panel data for a sample of 26 consumer goods industry sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2009- 2013. The findings of this study is to support H1a, H2b and H3b. based on the results of the analysis of the profitability variable (measured ROE) there is a negative correlation significant at α = 5%, which means supporting the pecking order theory. The size variable (as measured by total assets) and growth (which was measured by the Market to Book Value) positively associated significant at α = 5% and 10%, which means supporting the trade-off theory. For the selection method of FEM and REM, researchers used a test in which the capital REM Test Hausmant be an option for the measurement of capital structure (DER, DAR and Working capital) while FEM selected for the measurement of capital structure (Leverage). Keyword: profitability, size, growth, capital struktur, pecking order theory and trade-off theory

scholarly journals Market Timing and Pecking Order Theory in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-104
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Vásquez Tejos ◽  
Hernan Pape Larre
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Market Timing ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Share Prices ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
The Capital Structure

This article aims to determine if the capital structure of Latin American companies in the emerging markets of Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru, are managed according to the market timing theory or the pecking order theory. The analysis was based on a non-probabilistic sample of 170 companies, with annual data, from an unbalanced panel, in the period 2010-2018. Regressions were applied with the fixed and random effects method. The results do not show significant evidence indicating that Latin American companies comply with the pecking order theory. Furthermore, there is also no definitive evidence that companies benefit from low share prices to issue capital or from debt issuance in the face of high stock market prices. There are signs that they follow a blend of several theories, which would indicate their characteristics in the capital structure of Latin American companies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document