scholarly journals Effect of methionine and cysteine deprivation on growth of different natural isolates of Lactobacillus spp. in chemically defined media

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Lozo ◽  
Jelena Begovic ◽  
B. Jovcic ◽  
Natasa Golic ◽  
L. Topisirovic
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Media ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of natural isolates of lactobacilli from different ecological niches to grow in a chemically defined medium in the presence or absence of sulphur-containing amino acids, methionine and/or cysteine. The obtained results indicate that cysteine is essential for growth of L. paracasei subsp. paracasei BGHN14 and BGSJ2-8, while methionine is essential for isolates BGHN40, BGCG31, and BGHV54T of the species L. plantarum. Methionine is also essential for growth of L. rhamnosus BGHV58T. Other analyzed strains, such as L. plantarum BGSJ3-18, BGZB19, BGHV52Ta, and BGHV43T, require the presence of both amino acids for their growth.

Cultivation and properties of Neisseria sp. grown in chemically defined media

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Kenny ◽  
B. B. Diena ◽  
R. Wallace ◽  
L. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Media ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Specific Antisera

Neisseria Chemically Defined Medium (NCDM) has been used routinely in our laboratory for a variety of purposes. The present report describes the development of NCDM agar, wherein the NCDM base is sterilized by filtration and defined supplements and agar are added. The medium is transparent and both meningococci and gonococci grow within 72 h. When grown on NCDM agar, Types 2 and 3 gonococcal colonies tend to revert to Type 1. The serological grouping of meningococci with specific antisera is not affected by growth on this medium.Parallel investigations on the growth of these species in liquid NCDM demonstrated that the yield of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is enhanced when the medium is sterilized by filtration.

scholarly journals Development of Chemically Defined Media to Express Trp-Analog-Labeled Proteins in a Lactococcus lactis Trp Auxotroph

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Shao ◽  
Marcelo F.M. Marcondes ◽  
Vitor Oliveira ◽  
Jaap Broos
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
New Media ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Unnatural Amino Acids ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Heterologous Proteins ◽  
Chemically Defined Media ◽  
Defined Media

Chemically defined media for growth of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> strains contain about 50 components, making them laborious and expensive growth media. However, they are crucial for metabolism studies as well as for expression of heterologous proteins labeled with unnatural amino acids. In particular, the <i>L. lactis</i> Trp auxotroph PA1002, overexpressing the tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase enzyme of <i>L. lactis</i>, is very suitable for the biosynthetic incorporation of Trp analogs in proteins because of its most relaxed substrate specificity reported towards Trp analogs. Here we present two much simpler defined media for <i>L. lactis</i>, which consist of only 24 or 31 components, respectively, and with which the <i>L. lactis</i> Trp auxotroph shows similar growth characteristics as with a 50-component chemically defined medium. Importantly, the expression levels of two recombinant proteins used for evaluation were up to 2-3 times higher in these new media than in the 50-component medium, without affecting the Trp analog incorporation efficiency. Taken together, the simplest chemically defined media reported so far for <i>L. lactis</i> are presented. Since<i> L. lactis</i> also shows auxotrophy for Arg, His, Ile, Leu Val, and Met, our simplified media may also be useful for the biosynthetic incorporation of analogs of these five amino acids.

Optimum concentrations of essential components for the development of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hata
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Media ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractThird-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus costaricensis were cultured to young adult stages in Waymouth's chemically defined medium MB 752/l, which comprises higher concentrations of the essential components histidine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, choline chloride and glucose than various other chemically defined media. The present study has shown that choline chloride and tryptophan are required at relatively higher concentrations for worm development than those of the other essential components.

scholarly journals 87 VITRIFICATION OF BOVINE OOCYTES TREATED WITH CHOLESTEROL-LOADED METHYL-β-CYCLODEXTRIN

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
G. Horvath ◽  
L. Solti ◽  
G. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Media ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Cell Embryo ◽  
Bovine Oocytes ◽  
Better Than

Addition of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) can increase sperm cryosurvival (Purdy et al. 2000 Cryobiology 48, 36–45). The purpose of this study was to determine if cryosurvival of vitrified oocytes could be improved by incubation with CLC prior to vitrification. Slaughterhouse-derived cumulus oocyte complexes were matured in a chemically defined medium with fatty acid-free BSA and hormones for 21 h followed by partial cumulus removal with 100 U/mL hyaluronidase and gentle pipetting. For an additional hour, oocytes were placed into maturation medium supplemented with 0.5% PVA instead of BSA with or without 2.5 mg/mL CLC. At 22 h after the start of maturation, oocytes were transferred to handling media containing 20% FCS or 0.5% PVA in TCM-199 + HEPES (HTCM-199). Oocytes with approximately 3 layers of cumulus were vitrified in two steps. First, they were exposed to VS1 (10% ethylene glycol (EG), 10% DMSO, 6% PVP, or 20% FCS, in HTCM-199) for 30 s, then exposed to VS2 (20% EG, 20% DMSO, 6% PVP, or 20% FCS, 0.48 M galactose in HTCM-199) for 25 s, loaded into cryoloops in groups of five, and plunged into liquid nitrogen. Rapidly warmed oocytes were moved stepwise through 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, and 0 M galactose in HTCM-199 + 20% FCS, 3 min each. All procedures were conducted at 39°C. Warmed oocytes were placed in maturation medium for an additional hour, fertilized with semen from 3 bulls, 3 replicates each, and cultured according to standard procedures (Zhang et al. 2003 Theriogenology 60, 1657–1663). For each replicate, 30 oocytes were assigned to the following treatments: A: chemically-defined media with PVA for the last hour of maturation, handling and vitrification; B: same as A except CLC treatment, for 1 h before vitrification; C: chemically defined media for maturation, but with 20% FCS for HM, VS1 and VS2. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. CLC treatment resulted in higher cleavage rates and 8- to 16-cell embryo production, but not higher blastocyst (bl) production (Table 1). Non-vitrified oocytes developed better than vitrified ones (means: cleavage, 76%; 8- to 16-cell, 64%; bl D8, 21%; bl D9, 24%). Further studies with vitrification of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin-treated oocytes and chemically defined media are warranted. Table 1. Development of vitrified oocytes (LS means ± SE)

Growth of Legionella pneumophila in defined media: requirement for magnesium and potassium

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1055-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Tesh ◽  
Richard D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Defined Media

The inorganic ions magnesium and potassium were required for optimal growth of Legionella pneumophila in a chemically defined medium composed of amino acids and inorganic salts. Optimum growth was obtained at concentrations of approximately 20 μg/mL (80 μM) MgSO4∙7H2O and 150 μg/mL (2 mM) KCl. Comparable results were obtained with all six serogroups of L. pneumophila as well as with both laboratory-adapted and animal-passed strains.

The effect of amino acids on the production of ochratoxin A in chemically defined media

1968 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Chemically Defined Media ◽  
Defined Media

QUALITATIVE STUDIES OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS: IX. AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wallace ◽  
A. G. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

A study was made of the more specific amino acid requirements of bacteria from the rhizospheres of clover, flax, and wheat plants for which a chemically defined medium containing 23 amino acids provided essentials for maximum growth. Of seven groups of amino acids, the sulphur-containing group (cysteine, methionine, and taurine) was found to be of special significance, the omission of this group resulting in a pronounced decrease in the percentage of organisms able to develop. Further study of organisms dependent upon this group of amino acids for growth showed methionine to be by far the most essential compound. While evident for bacteria from the rhizosphere of all three crops, the effect was more pronounced in the case of clover than with flax or wheat.

USE OF KANAMYCIN FOR THE ISOLATION OF AUXOTROPHIC MUTANTS OF ACTINOBACILLUS MALLEI

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Auxotrophic Mutants ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Minimal Media

Growth of Actinobacillus mallei was inhibited by kanamycin; the minimal inhibitory concentration in a complex medium was 1.25 μg/ml and in a chemically defined medium 5 μg/ml. Higher concentrations of kanamycin had a pronounced bactericidal effect. When a suspension of cells containing 5 × 107 viable cells/ml was incubated in the presence of 20 μg/ml of kanamycin in a chemically defined medium, complete sterilization resulted after 6 hours. Cells irradiated with ultraviolet light were grown in complex or supplemental minimal media, washed, and exposed to 20 μg/ml of kanamycin in minimal medium for 4 hours. Auxotrophic mutants with requirements for tryptophane, phenylalanine, proline, and uracil were detected among the survivors of kanamycin treatment. After treatment with 0.01 M nitrous acid and growth in minimal medium supplemented with amino acids, cells were washed and then exposed to kanamycin in minimal medium. The proportion of autotrophs among the survivors varied from 1.3 to 75%. Mutants with requirements for each of the following amino acids were identified: methionine, methionine or cystine, arginine, leucine, tryptophane, histidme, and proline, with methionine-requiring mutants predominating. Exposure of mixtures of prototrophs and uracil-dependent and methionine-dependent auxotrophs to 20 μg/ml of kanamycin for 4 hours resulted in approximately 700- and 300-fold increases, respectively, in the ratio of auxotrophs to prototrophs.

The specificity of oligopeptide transport by Streptococcus thermophilus resembles that of Lactococcus lactis and not that of pathogenic streptococci

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 1987-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Juille ◽  
Dominique Le Bars ◽  
Vincent Juillard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Peptide Transport ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Tryptic Digest ◽  
Transport Studies

Peptide transport is a crucial step in the growth of Streptococcus thermophilus in protein- or peptide-containing media. The objective of the present work was to determine the specificity of peptide utilization by this widely used lactic acid bacterium. To reach that goal, complementary approaches were employed. The capability of a proteinase-negative S. thermophilus strain to grow in a chemically defined medium containing a mixture of peptides isolated from milk as the source of amino acids was analysed. Peptides were separated into three size classes by ultrafiltration. The strain was able to use peptides up to 3·5 kDa during growth, as revealed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses. The same strain was grown in chemically defined medium containing a tryptic digest of casein, and the respective time-course consumption of the peptides during growth was estimated. The ability to consume large peptides (up to 23 residues) was confirmed, as long as they are cationic and hydrophobic. These results were confirmed by peptide transport studies. Extension of the study to 11 other strains revealed that they all shared these preferences.

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