scholarly journals Differential regulation of GS-GOGAT gene expression by plant growth regulators in Arabidopsis seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Dragicevic ◽  
Ana Simonovic ◽  
Milica Bogdanovic ◽  
Angelina Subotic ◽  
Nabil Ghalawenji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact

Primary and secondary ammonium assimilation is catalyzed by the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) pathway in plants. The Arabidopsis genome contains five cytosolic GS1 genes (GLN1;1 - GLN1;5), one nuclear gene for chloroplastic GS2 isoform (GLN2), two Fd-GOGAT genes (GLU1 and GLU2) and a GLT1 gene coding for NADH-GOGAT. Even though the regulation of GS and GOGAT isoforms has been extensively studied in response to various environmental and metabolic cues in many plant species, little is known about the effects of phytohormones on their regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of representative plant growth regulators, kinetin (KIN), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), on the expression of A. thaliana GS and GOGAT genes. The obtained results indicate that GS and GOGAT genes are differentially regulated by growth regulators in shoots and roots. KIN and 2,4-D repressed GS and GOGAT expression in roots, with little effect on transcript levels in shoots. KIN affected all tested genes; 2,4-D was apparently more selective and less potent. ABA induced the expression of GLN1;1 and GLU2 in whole seedlings, while GA3 enhanced the expression of all tested genes in shoots, except GLU2. The observed expression patterns are discussed in relation to physiological roles of investigated plant growth regulators and N-assimilating enzymes.

scholarly journals Role of plant growth regulators on shoot formation from bulb sacles of Lily Sorbonne

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Thang Thanh Tran ◽  
Huong Thanh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

In this study, plant growth regulators included 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), picloram, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ), at different concentrations were used individually or in combination to induce adventitious shoots from bulb scales of Lily Sorbonne. Morphological and physiological changes in shoot formation from bulb scales were analysed. The maximum number of shoots per explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 2,4-D 1 mg/L, BA 1,5 mg/L, zeatin 0,2 mg/L and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) 0,5 mg/L. The adventitious shoots were derived from parenchymal cells, which placed under epidermis cells. This process included the following stages: activation of cell division with large nucleus, thin-walled and without starch granules; initiating of meristematic region; formation of shoot primordium and shoot with leaves. Use of 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (1-NOA) and N-1-naphthoxyacetic acid (NPA), auxin transport inhibitors, showed the role of polar auxin transport in shoot formation. The correlation of plant hormone, respiration rate and shoot formation from bulb scales was discussed.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus and Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Four Elite Theobroma cacao L. Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modeste Kan Kouassi ◽  
Jane Kahia ◽  
Christophe N’guessan Kouame ◽  
Mathias Gnion Tahi ◽  
Edmond Kouablan Koffi
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

The effect of plant growth regulators on callus and somatic embryogenesis induction in four Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) genotypes was studied. Flower explants were harvested early in the morning and cultured on Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) medium supplemented with 1 mg·L−1 of five auxins type (2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 3,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (3,4-D), 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) in combination with 0.25 or 0.5 mg·L−1 of two cytokinins type (benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 6-furfurylaminopurine [kinetin (Kin)] in a factorial experiment. The plant growth regulators 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T proved to have a broad spectrum action on somatic embryogenesis induction compared with 3,4-D or picloram. There were no significant differences between the two concentrations of cytokinins. However, Kin was found to be more effective in promoting somatic embryogenesis than BAP. Combining 1 mg·L−1 2,4,5-T or 2,4-D with 0.25 mg·L−1 Kin had a broad spectrum action on embryogenesis induction. On the other hand, combining mg·L−1 picloram with 0.5 mg·L−1 Kin or 1 mg·L−1 3,4-D with 0.25 mg·L−1 Kin was only able to induce somatic embryogenesis in a few of the genotypes evaluated. The protocol developed during the current study differs from earleir works as the callus (derived from explants cultured on DKW media) was taken directly to embryo development media as opposed to earlier works in which the callus was taken through a secondary media before being transferred to an embryo development media.

scholarly journals Ethidium Bromide-induced Mutations from Inflorescence Cultures of Indiangrass

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1215-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren C. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Ethidium Bromide ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Nuclear Mutations ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Immature inflorescences of a Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash selection were cultured on CCm medium with 5 mg·L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg·L−1 N6-benzyladenine (BA) for 5 weeks. Callused inflorescence cultures were placed on CCm medium with 1 mg·L−1 BA (CCmB1) and 0 or 250 mg·L−1 ethidium bromide (EtBr) for 24 h. Cultures were transferred to CCmB1 without EtBr for shoot regeneration and then to CCm without plant growth regulators for rooting. Rooted shoots were transferred to soil under greenhouse conditions and then to the field. Fifteen putative M1 mutants with atypical phenotypes were detected among 71 EtBr-treated regenerants. Two self-incompatible putative M1 mutants were progeny-tested by using a wild-type Indiangrass seedling as the pollen parent. M1 selection ISU06-35 was a dwarf mutant whose M2 testcross progeny segregated 1:1 tall:dwarf seedlings. M1 selection ISU06-56 was a red-flowered mutant whose M2 testcross progeny segregated 1:1 green-flowered:red-flowered seedlings. These results are consistent with both M1 mutants being dominant nuclear mutations.

Callogenesis and plant regeneration of sweet orange cv. Washington Navel from floral organ cultures

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Nebiha Metoui ◽  
Sabrine Nahdi ◽  
Fethia Dhaouadi ◽  
Dorsaf Yahiaoui ◽  
Malika Meziane
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Washington Navel orange (Citrus sinensis L.) can be infected with virus and virus like diseases that affect not only the production but also fruit quality and the plant’s longevity. For viral sanitation, Washington Navel regeneration was investigated in vitro via floral organ culture. Flowers were collected before opening from healthy Washington Navel trees kept under greenhouse. Floral organs (style/stigma and ovary) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various plant growth regulators combinations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest rate of callogenesis (95%) was obtained from style/stigma explant cultures on MS medium enriched with 3 mgL-1 BAP, which also resulted in 100% rooted plantlets. Ovary cultures did not show any success on the culture medium with various plant growth regulators combinations. The acclimatization success of rooted plantlets by grafting on Citrus volkameriana rootstocks was about 83%. Thus, these results can be used for mass production of disease-free citrus plants and improve sanitation program of the local citrus genotypes in Tunisia.

EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND ORANGE JUICE ON GROWTH OF CALLUS FROM FRUIT TISSUES OF WASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGE

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan B. Amo-Marco
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Stimulant Effect ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

The effect of the plant growth regulators kinetin, gibberellic acid (GA3), and 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), either alone or in combination with orange juice, on the in vitro growth of mesocarp and endocarp explants from 90–120 day-old Washington Navel Citrus sinensis orange fruits has been determined. Both fruit tissues formed callus. From endocarp 100% callus was formed in all cultures, even without growth regulators in the culture medium, while callus growth was lower from mesocarp. The addition of orange juice at a final concentration of 15% (v/v) to the basal medium without growth regulators increased the callus growth, specially that derived from endocarp. However, the high stimulant effect of orange juice observed on callus growth was markedly dependent on the addition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, maximum callus growth from endocarp or mesocarp tissues being obtained with orange juice 15% (v/v) and 10 μM 2,4-D.

scholarly journals Application of Plant Extracts in Micropropagation and Cryopreservation of Bleeding Heart: An Ornamental-Medicinal Plant Species

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kulus ◽  
Natalia Miler
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Gold ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact

Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara (bleeding heart) is valued both in the horticultural and pharmaceutical markets. Despite its great popularity, information on the in vitro tissue culture technology in this species is limited. There is also little knowledge on the application of plant extracts in the tissue culture systems of plants other than orchids. The aim of this study is to compare the utility of traditional plant growth regulators (PGRs) and natural extracts—obtained from the coconut shreds, as well as oat, rice, and sesame seeds—in the micropropagation and cryopreservation of L. spectabilis ‘Gold Heart’ and ‘White Gold’. The biochemical analysis of extracts composition is also included. In the first experiment related to micropropagation via axillary buds activation, the single-node explants were cultured for a 10-week-long propagation cycle in the modified Murashige and Skoog medium fortified either with 1.11 µM benzyladenine (BA) and 1.23 µM indole-3-butritic acid (IBA) or with 10% (v/v) plant extracts. A PGRs- and extract-free control was also considered. In the cryopreservation experiment, the same 10% (v/v) extracts were added into the medium during a seven-day preculture in the encapsulation-vitrification cryopreservation protocol. It was found that the impact of natural additives was cultivar- and trait-specific. In the first experiment, the addition of coconut extract favoured the proliferation of shoots and propagation ratio in bleeding heart ‘Gold Heart’. Rice extract, on the other hand, promoted callus formation in ‘White Gold’ cultivar and was more effective in increasing the propagation ratio in this cultivar than the conventional plant growth regulators (4.1 and 2.6, respectively). Sesame extract suppressed the development of the explants in both cultivars analysed, probably due to the high content of polyphenols. As for the second experiment, the addition of plant extracts into the preculture medium did not increase the survival level of the cryopreserved shoot tips (sesame and oat extracts even decreased this parameter). On the other hand, coconut extract, abundant in simple sugars and endogenous cytokinins, stimulated a more intensive proliferation and growth of shoots after rewarming of samples. Analysing the synergistic effect of conventional plant growth regulators and natural extracts should be considered in future studies related to L. spectabilis.

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