scholarly journals The cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) gene family in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): Insight from expression profiling of cads induced by elicitors in cultured flax cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Eom ◽  
Heekyu Kim ◽  
Kyung Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Key Enzyme

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of lignin and lignans as it catalyzes the final step of monolignol biosynthesis, using NADPH as a cofactor. In higher plants, CAD is encoded by a multigene family consisting of three major classes. Based on the recently released flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) whole-genome sequences, in this study we identified six CAD family genes that contain an ADH_N domain and an ADH_zinc_N domain, which suggests that the putative flax CADs (LuCADs) are zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases and members of the plant CAD family. In addition, expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR revealed spatial variations in the expression of LuCADs in different organs. Comparative analysis between LuCAD enzymatic activity and LuCAD transcripts indicates that the variation of LuCAD enzymatic activities by elicitors is reflected by transcription of LuCADs in flax suspension-cultured cells. Taken together, our genome-wide analysis of CAD genes and the expression profiling of these genes provide valuable information for understanding the function of CADs, and will assist future studies on the physiological role of monolignols associated with plant defense.

scholarly journals The cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene family is involved in the response to Fusarium oxysporum in resistant and susceptible flax genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 896-901
Author(s):  
R. O. Novakovskiy ◽  
L. V. Povkhova ◽  
G. S. Krasnov ◽  
T. A. Rozhmina ◽  
A. A. Zhuchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
Resistance Gene Candidates

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is used for the production of textile, oils, pharmaceuticals, and composite materials. Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini, is a very harmful disease that reduces flax production. Flax cultivars that are resistant to Fusarium wilt have been developed, and the genes that are involved in the host response to F. oxysporum have been identified. However, the mechanisms underlying resistance to this pathogen remain unclear. In the present study, we used transcriptome sequencing data obtained from susceptible and resistant flax genotypes grown under control conditions or F. oxysporum infection. Approximately 250 million reads, generated with an Illumina NextSeq instrument, were analyzed. After filtering to exclude the F. oxysporum transcriptome, the remaining reads were mapped to the L. usitatissimum genome and quantified. Then, the expression levels of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) family genes, which are known to be involved in the response to F. oxysporum, were evaluated in resistant and susceptible flax genotypes. Expression alterations in response to the pathogen were detected for all 13 examined CAD genes. The most significant differences in expression between control and infected plants were observed for CAD1B, CAD4A, CAD5A, and CAD5B, with strong upregulation of CAD1B, CAD5A, and CAD5B and strong downregulation of CAD4A. When plants were grown under the same conditions, the expression levels were similar in all studied flax genotypes for most CAD genes, and statistically significant differences in expression between resistant and susceptible genotypes were only observed for CAD1A. Our study indicates the strong involvement of CAD genes in flax response to F. oxysporum but brings no evidence of their role as resistance gene candidates. These findings contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the response of flax to F. oxysporum infection and the role of CAD genes in stress resistance.

Purification and properties of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from higher plants involved in lignin biosynthesis

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2427-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Mansell ◽  
Georg G. Gross ◽  
Joachim Stöckigt ◽  
Heinz Franke ◽  
Meinhart H. Zenk
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol ◽  
Purification And Properties

Analysis of lignin produced by cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase-deficient Pinus taeda cultured cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Stasolla ◽  
Jay Scott ◽  
Ulrika Egertsdotter ◽  
John Kadla ◽  
David O’ Malley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol
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