scholarly journals Clinical correlation, ecographic and levels of prostate specific antigen in patients with prostate cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Victor Salirrosas ◽  
Jose Armborgo ◽  
Mario Mostacero
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
T Stage ◽  
Prostate Antigen

Purpose: this report provides information about clinical correlation, ecographic and levels of prostate specific antigen in patients with prostate cancer in the Regional Hospital from Trujillo, Peru. Materials and Methods: retrospective, descriptive observation study of all the clinical histories from patients with histopathology diagnosis of prostate cancer during the period of January 2000 - December 2004. The sample was constituted by 60 patients with clinics histories, study by image based on the prostate ecography and the prostate specific antigen results. The average of age found was of 75.4 years old; the most frequent clinical case reported a 91.6% of patients with obstructive and irritative symptoms. In the levels of prostate antigen the PSA found values between 10-50 ng/ml, in 48.78% of the patients. In the ecography prostate study there where evidence of hypoecogenic images in 56%, hyperecogenics images 12%, heterogenics images 20% and 12% homogenics images. In the TNM classification the higher percentage is located in T stage with an 81.67%, and in smaller proportions in the N1 and M1 stages with 8.33% and 10.0% respectively. According to Gleason it was found levels from 2-4 with 36.67%, in the level 5-7 with 23.33% and in the level 8-10 with 40.0%. Conclusions: All the patients with prostate cancer showed a clinical symptoms about, obstructive and irritative and in other organs a less percentage of symptoms that shows metastases; in more than a half of the patients, the digital rectal examination showed nodules and irregularities in its surface; in the prostate ecography it is report a higher percentage of hypoecogenics images suggestive of neoplasia. The levels of specific prostate antigen in more than 70% of the patients where over of 10 ng/ml; in the totally of the patients the histological type most frequent is the Adenocarcinoma, with a high grade of percentage of patients who had been bad prognosticated according to the Gleason score. According the NTM, more of the two thirds parts of patients with prostate cancer are in T stage, with a high percentage extending on the prostatic capsule.

scholarly journals Clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer using digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson C. Okpua ◽  
Simon I. Okekpa ◽  
Stanley Njaka ◽  
Augusta N. Emeh
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Test ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Antigen Tests

Abstract Background Being diagnosed with cancer, irrespective of type initiates a serious psychological concern. The increasing rate of detection of indolent prostate cancers is a source of worry to public health. Digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen tests are the commonly used prostate cancer screening tests. Understanding the diagnostic accuracies of these tests may provide clearer pictures of their characteristics and values in prostate cancer diagnosis. This review compared the sensitivities and specificities of digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen test in detection of clinically important prostate cancers using studies from wider population. Main body We conducted literature search in PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Wiley Online, CINAHL, Scopus, AJOL and Google Scholar, using key words and Boolean operators. Studies comparing the sensitivity and specificity of digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen tests in men 40 years and above, using biopsy as reference standard were retrieved. Data were extracted and analysed using Review manager (RevMan 5.3) statistical software. The overall quality of the studies was good, and heterogeneity was observed across the studies. The result comparatively shows that prostate-specific antigen test has higher sensitivity (P < 0.00001, RR 0.74, CI 0.67–0.83) and specificity (P < 0.00001, RR 1.81, CI 1.54–2.12) in the detection of prostate cancers than digital rectal examination. Conclusion Prostate-specific antigen test has higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting prostate cancers from men of multiple ethnic origins. However, combination of prostate-specific antigen test and standardized digital rectal examination procedure, along with patients history, may improve the accuracy and minimize over-diagnoses of indolent prostate cancers.

Comparing Two Modalities of Screening for Prostate Cancer: Digital Rectal Examination + Transrectal Ultrasonography Vs. Prostate-Specific Antigen

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ciatto ◽  
Rita Bonardi ◽  
Antonia Mazzotta ◽  
Claudio Lombardi ◽  
Roberto Santoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Attendance Rate ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
Biopsy Rate

Aims and background To evaluate the performance and feasibility of screening for prostate cancer by comparing screening modalities. Methods Prospective study of two comparable cohorts of healthy resident males aged 60 to 75 years. Screening attenders in the two invited cohorts were screened either by digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), or by serum prostate-specific antigen determination (PSA: cutoff 4 ng/ml). Attendance and biopsy rates, predictive values, prevalence of screen-detected cancers, as well as screening costs were determined, and the efficiency of the two screening modalities was compared. Results 1425 subjects were screened by DRE + TRUS. Attendance rate was 33.7%, the biopsy rate was 2.7%, and the prevalence of detected cancers was 1.82%. A total of 1315 subjects was screened by PSA. Attendance rate was 66.9%, the biopsy rate was 2.8%, and the prevalence of detected cancers was 1.67%. Screen-detected cancer stage was more favorable than observed in clinical practice, and early detection was evident, with the prevalence/incidence ratio higher than 10:1 in both programs. The cost per subject screened was about 34,000 Lire for DRE + TRSU and about 30,000 Lire for PSA program. Conclusions The study confirms that early detection of prostate cancer is possible and that screening is practically feasible. Both screening modalities achieved comparable results as regards early detection, but screening by PSA had a higher compliance and lower costs. PSA seems the ideal test to be used in prospective controlled studies aimed at demonstrating screening efficacy.

Occupation as a predictor of prostate cancer screening behaviour in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Cheryl E Peters ◽  
Paul J Villeneuve ◽  
Marie-Élise Parent
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Screening Practices ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Test

Objectives If prostate cancer screening practices relate to occupation, this would have important implications when studying the aetiological role of workplace exposures on prostate cancer. We identified variations in screening by occupation among men in Montreal, Canada (2005–2012). Methods Prostate specific antigen testing and digital rectal examination (ever-screened and frequency of screening, previous five years) were examined among population controls from the Prostate Cancer & Environment Study. Face-to-face interviews elicited lifestyle and occupational histories. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of ever-screening for the longest-held occupation, adjusting for potential confounders. Negative binomial models were used to examine relationships with screening frequency. Results Among 1989 controls, 81% reported ever having had a prostate specific antigen test, and 77% a digital rectal examination. Approximately 40% of men reported having a prostate specific antigen test once a year, on average. Compared with those in management or administrative jobs, men in primary industry (odds ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.10–0.65), construction (0.44, 0.25–0.79), machining (0.45, 0.21–0.97), and teaching (0.37, 0.20–0.70) were less likely to have undergone prostate specific antigen screening. Results were similar when considering the most recent job. Conclusions Our findings highlight substantial variations in prostate cancer screening by occupation. Men in occupations where carcinogen exposures are more common are less likely to participate in prostate screening activities. This could be an important source of bias, and occupational studies of prostate cancer should account for screening practices.

scholarly journals Relationship of Prostate Specific Antigen and Digital Rectal Examination in the Prediction of Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Bhusan Raj Timilsina ◽  
Gaurav Devkota ◽  
Shweta Giri ◽  
Sulav Pradhan ◽  
Sudeep RaJ KC
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common and leading cause of death among different genitourinary causes. However, screening of prostate cancer is limited to Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) in Nepal. The aim of this study is to find out which modality is more helpful for the diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Urology, College of Medical Sciences, Chitwan, Nepal. All patients included in this study were who presented to the OPD with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). The patients were above the age of 40 with clinical suspicion prostate cancer based on either DRE or PSA.   Results: A total of 150 patients were enrolled from April 2019 to April 2020. Their mean± SD age was of 65.18±9.38 years. The accuracy of the diagnostic test for DRE and PSA were cut off at 4, PSA cut off range of 4 to 10, PSA cut off range of 10 to 30 and PSA cut off at 30 showed that all the screening indices were better for DRE (Sensitivity=100%, Specificity=59.2%, Diagnostic Accuracy=62.2%) than for PSA cut off at 4 (Sensitivity=100%, Specificity=27.6%, Diagnostic Accuracy=32.9%). Among various cut off score or ranges for PSA, cut off score at 30 provided the best screening indices with Sensitivity of 66.7%, Specificity of 97.4% and Diagnostic Accuracy of 95.1%. Conclusions: PSA has higher diagnostic accuracy then DRE. Keywords: DRE; LUTS; Prostate cancer; PSA.  

scholarly journals Prostate Cancer Education, Detection, and Follow-Up in a Community-Based Multiethnic Cohort of Medically Underserved Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omotola S. Ashorobi ◽  
Jacqueline Frost ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Pamela Roberson ◽  
E. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Cancer Education ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Medically Underserved ◽  
Underserved Communities ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

The Prostate Outreach Project (POP) provided free prostate cancer (PCa) education and early detection to medically underserved communities. POP recruited participants in medically underserved communities. PCa education and detection events occurred in POP locations (static) or natural gathering places (mobile) within the community. PCa education was delivered by video and evaluated using a questionnaire. Screening consisted of serum prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination. A navigated follow-up strategy was utilized to provide medical care for participants with abnormal screening examinations (ASE). POP recruited 4,420 men, 62.8% (2,667) were African American (AA). Most participants had a high school education and no prior screening. Fifty-four percent (2,159) were uninsured and 41% (1,811) had no access to a physician. PCa knowledge increased following the educational video. Prostate-specific antigen levels were elevated in 9.8% (436), while 6.9% (233) had an abnormal digital rectal examination. Follow-up among 609 men with ASE was successful in 40% (244), despite a navigated approach. Overall, 3.3% (144) cancers were diagnosed among the POP with AA participants exhibiting a significantly higher incidence. Recruitment, education, and PCa testing among a medically underserved cohort was successful. However, failure to follow through on ASE could contribute to maintaining the disparity in PCa outcomes noted among AAs and the medically underserved if not addressed.

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