scholarly journals Prophylactic HPV vaccines

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljosa Mandic
Keyword(s):  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Cervical Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccines ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Cervical and other anogenital cancers, cervical and anal intraepithelial neoplasia, genital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis are HPV associated diseases. Prophylactic HPV vaccines are composed of HPV L1 capsid protein that self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) when expressed in recombinant systems. Two types of prophylactic vaccines are designed as a bivalent vaccine to protect against high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 and a quadrivalent vaccine designed to protect against HPV 16 and 18, and low-risk, genital wart-causing HPV 6 and 11. Proof-of-principle trials have suggested that intramuscular injections of VLPs result in strong adaptive immune responses that are capable of neutralizing subsequent natural infections. Recent research on the safety and efficacy of candidate prophylactic vaccines against HPV have shown very promising results with nearly 100% efficacy in preventing the development of persistent infections and cervical precancerous lesions in vaccinated individuals.

Comparison of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Associated Lesions: LCM-PCR Study of 87 Lesions in 8 Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Fernández-Nestosa ◽  
Nuria Guimerà ◽  
Diego F. Sanchez ◽  
Sofía Cañete-Portillo ◽  
Antonella Lobatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Flat Lesions ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) is currently classified in human papillomavirus (HPV)- and non-HPV-related subtypes with variable HPV genotypes. PeINs are frequently associated with other intraepithelial lesions in the same specimen. The aim of this study was to detect and compare HPV genotypes in PeINs and associated lesions using high-precision laser capture microdissection-polymerase chain reaction and p16INK4a immunostaining. We evaluated resected penile specimens from 8 patients and identified 33 PeINs and 54 associated lesions. The most common subtype was warty PeIN, followed by warty-basaloid and basaloid PeIN. Associated lesions were classical condylomas (17 cases), atypical classical condylomas (2 cases), flat condylomas (9 cases), atypical flat condylomas (6 cases), flat lesions with mild atypia (12 cases), and squamous hyperplasia (8 cases). After a comparison, identical HPV genotypes were found in PeIN and associated lesions in the majority of the patients (7 of 8 patients). HPV16 was the most common genotype present in both PeIN and corresponding associated lesion (50% of the patients). Nonspecific flat lesions with mild atypia, classical condylomas, and atypical condylomas were the type of associated lesions most commonly related to HPV16. Other high-risk HPV genotypes present in PeIN and associated nonspecific flat lesion with mild atypia were HPV35 and HPV39. In this study of HPV in the microenvironment of penile precancerous lesions, we identified identical high-risk HPV genotypes in PeIN and classical, flat, or atypical condylomas and, specially, in nonspecific flat lesions with mild atypia. It is possible that some of these lesions represent hitherto unrecognized precancerous lesions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections and HPV high-risk genotypes in women in rural communities in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianela Patzi-Churqui ◽  
Katty Terrazas-Aranda ◽  
Jan-Åke Liljeqvist ◽  
Magnus Lindh ◽  
Kristina Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background Bolivia has the highest prevalence of cervical cancer in South America and the prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among people in urban cities is increasing. Little is known about the prevalence of viral STIs in rural communities, which generally have limited access to health care. In order to study the prevalence of viral STIs in rural Bolivia, we recruited women from villages and towns in the Department of La Paz in Bolivia. Methods Three hundred ninety-four female participants were assessed for IgG-antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV, anti-HBc), as well as for the presence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in dried blood spots. The prevalence of 12 high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) was assessed by qPCR in dried cervicovaginal cell spots from 376 of these women. χ2 test was used to compare variables between the populations and binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with the positivity of the tests. Results The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 53% and of HBV 10.3%. HBAg was detected in 15.8% of women with anti-HBV antibodies indicating chronic infection. The frequency of high-risk HPV infection was 27%, with the most prevalent high-risk HPV types being HPV 56, 39 and 31 followed by HPV 16 and 18. Finally, none of the 394 women were seropositive for HIV, and about 64% of the studied population was positive for at least one of the viral infections. Conclusions Women in Bolivian rural communities in La Paz show a high prevalence of HBV, HPV and, in particular, HSV-2. In contrast, none of the women were HIV positive, suggesting that the HIV prevalence in this population is low. The pattern of high-risk HPV types differed from many other countries with a predominance of HPV-types not included in the Gardasil vaccine which was officially introduced in Bolivia in April 2017.

scholarly journals Human Papilloma Virus: Biomolecular Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-641
Author(s):  
Patiyus Agustiansyah ◽  
Rizal Sanif ◽  
Siti Nurmaini ◽  
Irfannuddin ◽  
Legiran
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Hybrid Capture ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
High Risk Hpv

HPV is a sexually transmitted virus, and high-risk HPV DNA was found in 99.7%of cervical cancer specimens. Within 12 to 24 months of exposure to the virus,90% of HPV infections disappear or become inactive. However, infection with high-risk strains of HPV persist which then increases the risk of progression to cervicalcancer. The detection of precancerous lesions consists of various methods,including pap smear (conventional or liquid-base cytology / LBC), visualinspection of acetic acid (IVA), visual inspection of lugoliodine (VILI), and HPV DNAtest (genotyping / hybrid capture).

Sustained Cross-reactive Antibody Responses After Human Papillomavirus Vaccinations: Up to 12 Years Follow-up in the Finnish Maternity Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kann ◽  
Matti Lehtinen ◽  
Tiina Eriksson ◽  
Heljä-Marja Surcel ◽  
Joakim Dillner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Antibody Avidity ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Reactive Antibody

Abstract Background Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause several human cancers. Bivalent (Cervarix) and quadrivalent (qGardasil) HPV vaccines both contain virus-like particles of the major oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18, but also cross-protect against some nonvaccine types. However, data on long-term sustainability of the cross-reactive antibody responses to HPV vaccines are scarce. Methods Serum samples donated 7–12 years after immunization at age 16–17 years with bivalent (n = 730) or quadrivalent (n = 337) HPV vaccine were retrieved from the population-based Finnish Maternity Cohort biobank. Serum antibody levels against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, and 73 were determined using multiplex pseudovirion binding assay. Antibody avidity was assessed using ammonium thiocyanate treatment. Results Seropositivity for HPV31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, 58, 59, 68, and 73 was increasingly common (P ≤ .001; χ 2 test for trend for each of these types) when women had high anti-HPV16 antibody levels. For 8 nonvaccine HPV types seropositivity was more common among recipients of bivalent than quadrivalent vaccine, in particular for HPV31, 35, 45, 51, 52, and 58 (P < .001). Antibody avidity was higher in the quadrivalent vaccine recipients for HPV6, 11, and two of the nonvaccine types, but lower for HPV16 and 18 (P < .001). Conclusions Both vaccines elicit cross-reactive antibodies detectable even 12 years after vaccination. Cross-reactive seropositivity is more common in women with high anti-HPV16 antibody response and in the bivalent vaccine recipients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections and HPV high-risk genotypes in women in rural communities in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianela Patzi-Churqui ◽  
Katty Terrazas-Aranda ◽  
Jan-Åke Liljeqvist ◽  
Magnus Lindh ◽  
Kristina Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background: Bolivia has the highest prevalence of cervical cancer in South America and the prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among people in urban cities is increasing. Little is known about the prevalence of viral STIs in rural communities, which generally have limited access to health care. In order to study the prevalence of viral STIs in rural Bolivia, we recruited women from villages and towns in the Department of La Paz in Bolivia. Methods: 394 female participants were assessed for IgG-antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV, anti-HBc), as well as for the presence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in dried blood spots. The prevalence of 12 high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) was assessed by qPCR in dried cervicovaginal cell spots from 376 of these women. χ 2 test was used to compare variables between the populations and binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with the positivity of the tests. Results: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 53% and of HBV 10.3%. HBAg was detected in 15.8% of women with anti-HBV antibodies indicating chronic infection. The frequency of high-risk HPV infection was 27%, with the most prevalent high-risk HPV types being HPV 56, 39 and 31 followed by HPV 16 and 18. Finally, none of the 394 women were seropositive for HIV, and about 64% of the studied population was positive for at least one of the viral infections. Conclusions: Women in Bolivian rural communities in La Paz show a high prevalence of HBV, HPV and, in particular, HSV-2. In contrast, none of the women were HIV positive, suggesting that the HIV prevalence in this population is low. The pattern of high-risk HPV types differed from many other countries with a predominance of HPV-types not included in the Gardasil vaccine which was officially introduced in Bolivia in April 2017. Key words : Prevalence, Sexually transmitted infections, women, La Paz, Bolivia, rural communities, HSV-2, HIV, high-risk HPV, HBV.

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological profile of condylomata acuminata with special emphasis on HPV typing

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
A. Sarin ◽  
V. G. Binesh ◽  
Betsy Ambooken ◽  
S. Suprakasan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Condylomata Acuminata ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Hpv Typing ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
High Risk Hpv

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Condylomata acuminata (CA) or genital wart is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). As there was little information about the HPV types commonly causing CA in our state, we decided to study the clinico-epidemiological profile of CA with special emphasis on HPV typing.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We did <span lang="EN-IN">HPV typing in 25 clinically diagnosed cases of CA. The biopsied specimens were sent for HPV typing using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and those with high risk HPV types were histologically analyzed for any dysplastic change. We also evaluated for other STIs which can coexist with CA</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Out of the 25 cases, 18 (72%) were males and 7 (28%) females. Majority of our patients belonged to 21-40 year age group (64%). Clinical types of CA were the classical fleshy exuberant type in 22 patients (88%), flat type in 2 (8%) and keratotic type in 1 (4%). HPV positivity was obtained in 21 (84%). The most common type was HPV 6 in 10 cases (40%) and HPV 11 in 8 (32%) patients. HPV 16 alone was isolated in 1 (4%) case. HPV types 6 and 16 and 11 &amp; 18 were isolated in one case each. Dysplastic changes were observed in two cases with HPV 16 and 18. VDRL and TPHA positivity was found in 2 (8%) males and HBsAg positivity was seen in 1 (4%) male patient. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This study highlights the importance of HPV typing for identifying the high risk types and to assess the efficacy of HPV vaccines.</span></p>

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