scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of the nigerian indigenous guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Oguntunji ◽  
Kolawole Ayorinde ◽  
Taiwo Aremu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Numida Meleagris

Blood protein polymorphism has been extensively used for characterization and estimation of genetic diversity in farm animals. A study on biochemical characterization and estimation of genetic diversity of Nigerian indigenous guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) was conducted using four blood proteins {Haemoglobin (Hb), Carbonic anhydrase (CA), Transferrin (Tf) and Albumin (Alb)}. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis indicated that all the protein markers were polymorphic; expressing two co-dominant genes and two genotypes at their respective locus. Heterozygouse genotypes were prevalent at Hb, Tf and Alb loci while homozygoutes were more frequent for CA. Allelic constitution was similar (A and B) for Hb, Tf and Alb while F and S were typed at CA locus. Gene A had higher frequency of occurrence at Tf and Alb loci while gene F and B was prevalent at CA and Hb locus, respectively. Average estimated genetic diversity (heterozygosity) across the genetic systems was 0.40 and moderate. Prevalence of genes F, A and B at their respective locus is suggestive of their relevancies to the survival and adaptability of the studied population to its natural habitat.

scholarly journals Blood protein polymorphism and differentiation of selected indigenous cattle breeds in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
A. D. Oladepo ◽  
A. E. Salako
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Protein Polymorphism ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Cattle Breeds

Genetic variation is the basis of effective improvement in farm animals. Population differentiation is used for objective choice of parental genotypes that constitutes new hybrids in crossbreeding. In Nigeria, population characteristics of selected indigenous cattle breeds have not been fully documented. Therefore, blood protein electrophoretic patterns of selected indigenous cattle breeds in Nigeria were assessed. Blood samples (5mL) were taken underneath the tail by venipuncture from 40 cattle randomly selected from each of the five breeds. The samples were subjected to cellulose acetate electrophoresis to determine the genetic variants of haemoglobin (Hb), carbonic anhydrase (CA) and transferrin (Tf) following standard procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and Euclidean genetic distance. Allele frequencies ranged between 0.10 (Hb ) and 0.90 (Hb ), 0.11 (CA ) and 0.89 (CA ) and 0.02 (Tf ) and 0.49 (Tf ) across the breed.Two main clusters from the dendrogram were observed for each of Hb, CA and Tf. Euclidean genetic distance at the blood protein polymorphism level between WF and SG, WF and RB, WF and BK, WF and Muturu were 29, 30, 80 and 93, respectively. Genetic variants of transferring were largest within breed which indicated potential for selection

scholarly journals Genetic diversity at four Nigerian sheep breeds assessed by variation of albumin and carbonic anhydrase in cellulose acetate electrophoretic systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
O.H. Osaiyuwu ◽  
M.O. Akinyemi ◽  
A.E. Salako ◽  
O.K. Awobajo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Average Value

Abstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of variations in blood protein markers in sheep breeds in Nigeria and to evaluate the relationships that exist among them. A total of 100 sheep comprising of twenty-five each of Balami, Uda, Yankassa and West African Dwarf (WAD) breeds were sampled for biochemical studies. Blood was collected to determine variations at the Albumin and Carbonic Anhydrase structural protein loci using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. All tested loci were polymorphic yielding four allelic variants (CAF, CAS, AlbA, and AlbB) at the two protein loci. Genetic variability in the studied population was accessed using heterozygosity (observed – Ho and expected – He), effective number of alleles (Ne), fixation index (F) and gene flow (Nm). Genotypic frequencies ranged from 0.01 to 0.62 for Ca and 0.25 to 0.49 for Alb loci. Estimated heterozygosity values ranged from 0.32±0.28 at Balami sheep to 0.70±0.22 in WAD with a global average estimated at 0.43±0.09 for all the breeds studied. The gene flow values for each of the loci studied were 0.82 and 1.24 for Alb and Ca, respectively, with an average value of 1.03. The results showed that Yankassa and Balami sheep populations are more genetically (Nei's genetic identify value – 0.99) alike compared to Yankassa and WAD (0.73). Based on the values of heterozygosity (mean He =0.70 and Ho =0.45) assessed by variation of albumin and carbonic anhydrase the most genetic diverse is WAD sheep breed among the studied populations.

Blood protein polymorphism and genetic diversity in locally adapted Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
A.O. Oguntunji ◽  
K.L. Ayorinde
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Derived Savanna

SummaryCharacterization and genetic diversities among members of a species are fundamental to their improvement and conservation. This study was conducted to characterize and estimate genetic diversity in the ecotypes of the locally adapted Muscovy duck in Nigeria using blood proteins (haemoglobin, transferrin and albumin) and enzyme (carbonic anhydrase) markers. Blood samples collected from 20, 40 and 20 adult Muscovy ducks sampled randomly from the Rain Forest, Derived Savanna and Guinea Savanna ecotypes, respectively, were typed for blood proteins and enzyme polymorphism with cellulose acetate paper. Genetic variability in the studied population was accessed using heterozygosity (H), effective number of allele (ne) and polymorphism (percent P). All the 13 allelic variants expressed at the four loci were expressed in the Derived Savanna ecotype but 12 each in the Rain Forest and Guinea Savanna ecotypes. Results showed that all the four loci were polymorphic (100 percent) and the estimated heterozygosity among them was similar (0.424–0.481). Similarity in the estimated genetic variability parameters among ecotypes indicate that the sub-populations understudy was under similar evolutionary forces and there were no appreciable differences among them.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Genetic diversity of Ongole Grade Cattle of Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia, based on blood protein polymorphism

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1429-1433
Author(s):  
SUTIYONO SUTIYONO ◽  
SUTOPO SUTOPO ◽  
Y. S. ONDHO ◽  
SETIATIN SETIATIN ◽  
D. SAMSUDEWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Protein Polymorphism ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Almost All

Sutiyono, Sutopo, Ondho YS, Setiatin ET, Samsudewa D, Suryawijaya A, Lestari DA, Kurnianto E. 2018. Genetic diversity ofOngole Grade Cattle of Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia, based on blood protein polymorphism. Biodiversitas 19: 1429-1433. The objective of this study was to identify genetic diversity in Ongole Grade cattle of Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia,based on blood-protein polymorphism. A total of 34 blood samples were collected from unrelated Ongole Grade cattle and the bloodplasm was used to identify the blood proteins. Blood protein analysis was performed using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrilamide GelElectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Observed bands were used to perform allele interpretation of four loci, namely Albumin (Alb), Postalbumin(Po-Alb), Ceruloplasmin (Cp) and Amylase-1 (Am-1). Results showed the presence of polymorphism in all of the four bloodproteinloci, average heterozigosity value (H) being 0.506 and almost all of the blood-protein loci studied showed deviation from Hardy-Weimberg Equilibrium (HWE). In conclusion, the study indicated that population of Ongole Grade cattle in Rembang, Indonesia hashigh genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Enzymatic characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from bivalves harvested at Venice Lagoon (Italy) and Guanabara Bay (Brazil)

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lafisca ◽  
Christiane Soares Pereira ◽  
Valério Giaccone ◽  
Dalia dos Prazeres Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Enzymatic Characterization ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Alkaline Peptone Water ◽  
Peptone Water

The aquatic ecosystem is the natural habitat of microorganisms including Vibrio and Aeromonas genus which are pathogenic to human and animals. In the present investigation the frequency of these bacteria and the enzymatic characteristics of 34 Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from bivalves harvested in Venice Lagoon (Italy) and Guanabara Bay (Brazil) were carried out from November 2003 to February 2004. The mussels' samples were submitted to enrichment in Alkaline Peptone Water (APW) added with 1% of sodium chloride (NaCl) and APW plus 3% NaCl incubated at 37 ºC for 18-24h. Following the samples were streaked onto TCBS Agar (Thiossulfate Citrate Bile Sucrose Agar) and the suspected colonies were submitted to biochemical characterization. Also, the Vibrio alginolyticus strains were evaluated to collagenase, elastase and chondroitinase production. The results showed the isolation of 127 microorganisms distributed as follows: 105 Vibrio strains such as V. alginolyticus (32.4%), V. harveyi (19%) and V. parahaemolyticus (7.6%), 20 Aeromonas strains and two Plesiomonas shigelloides were the main pathogens isolated. We observed the production of the three enzymes from V. alginolyticus strains considered as the main virulence factors of the bacteria, especially in cases of human dermatological infection.

Plant Pathology Diagnosed by X-Ray Microanalysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 974-975
Author(s):  
J. H. Resau ◽  
N. Howell ◽  
S. H. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
X Ray

Spinach grown in Texas developed “yellow spotting” on the peripheral portions of the leaves. The exact cause of the discoloration could not be determined as there was no evidence of viral or parasitic infestation of the plants and biochemical characterization of the plants did not indicate any significant differences between the yellow and green leaf portions of the spinach. The present study was undertaken using electron microscopy (EM) to determine if a micro-nutrient deficiency was the cause for the discoloration.Green leaf spinach was collected from the field and sent by express mail to the EM laboratory. The yellow and equivalent green portions of the leaves were isolated and dried in a Denton evaporator at 10-5 Torr for 24 hrs. The leaf specimens were then examined using a JEOL 100 CX analytical microscope. TEM specimens were prepared according to the methods of Trump et al.

Interaction effect of rootstocks on gas exchange parameters, biochemical changes and nutrientstatus in Sauvignon Blanc winegrapes

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
R. G. Somkuwar ◽  
M. A. Bhange ◽  
A. K. Upadhyay ◽  
S. D. Ramteke
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Salt Creek ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

SauvignonBlanc wine grape was characterized for their various morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters grafted on different rootstocks. Significant differences were recorded for all the parameters studied. The studies on vegetative parameters revealed that the rootstock influences the vegetative growth thereby increasing the photosynthetic activities of a vine. The highest photosynthesis rate was recorded in 140-Ru grafted vine followed by Fercal whereas the lowest in Salt Creek rootstock grafted vines.The rootstock influenced the changes in biochemical constituents in the grafted vine thereby helping the plant to store enough food material. Significant differences were recorded for total carbohydrates, proteins, total phenols and reducing sugar. The vines grafted on1103-Pshowed highest carbohydrates and starch followed by 140-Ru,while the least amount of carbohydrates were recorded in 110-R and Salt Creek grafted vines respectively.Among the different rootstock graft combinations, Fercal showed highest amount of reducing sugar, proteins and phenols, followed by 1103-P and SO4, however, the lowest amount of reducing sugar, proteins and phenols were recorded with 110-R grafted vines.The vines grafted on different rootstocks showed changes in nutrient uptake. Considering this, the physico-biochemical characterization of grafted vine may help to identify particularrootstocks combination that could influence a desired trait in commercial wine grape varieties after grafting.

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