scholarly journals Surgical anatomy and histology of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle for blepharoptosis correction

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1124-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boban Djordjevic ◽  
Marijan Novakovic ◽  
Milan Milisavljevic ◽  
Sasa Milicevic ◽  
Aleksandar Malikovic
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Medial Branch ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Orbital Septum

Background/Aim. The detailed knowledge of the architecture of the upper eyelid is very important in numerous upper eyelid corrective surgeries. The article deals with the detailed anatomy of the major components of the upper lid, which are commonly seen in surgical practice. Methods. This study was conducted on 19 human cadavers (12 adults and 7 infants) without pathologic changes in the orbital region and eyelids. Anatomic microdissection of the contents of the orbita was performed bilaterally on 12 orbits from 6 unfixed cadavers (3 male and 3 female). Micromorphologic investigations of the orbital tissue were performed on 8 en bloc excised and formalin-fixed orbits of infant cadavers. Specimens were fixed according to the Duvernoy method. An intra-arterial injection of 5% mixture of melt formalin and black ink was administered into the carotid arterial system. Using routine fixation, decalcination, dehydration, illumination, impregnation and molding procedures in paraplast, specimens were prepared for cross-sections. Results. The measurement of the muscle length and diameter in situ in 6 nonfixed cadavers (12 orbits) showed an average length of the levator palpbrae superioris (LPS) muscle body of the 42.0 ? 1.41 mm on the right, and 40.3 ? 1.63 mm on the left side. In all the cases, the LPS had blood supply from 4 different arterial systems: the lacrimal, supratrochlear, and supraorbital artery and muscle branches of the ophthalmic artery. The LPS muscle in all the specimens was supplied by the superior medial branch of the oculomotor nerve. The connective tissue associated with the LPS muscle contains two transverse ligaments: the superior (Whitnall?s) and intermuscular transverse ligaments (ITL). The orbital septum in all the specimens originated from the arcus marginalis of the frontal bone, and consisted of two layers - the superficial and the inner layer. In addition, a detailed histological analysis revealed that the upper eyelid?s crease was formed by the conjoined fascia including the fascia of the orbicularis muscle, the superficial layer of the orbital septum, and the aponeurosis of the LPS muscle, as well as the pretarsal fascia. Conclusion. The conducted study provided a valuable morphological basis for biomechanical and clinical considerations regarding blepharoptosis surgery.

scholarly journals The Anatomy and Clinical Application of Preorbital Septum Fiber

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Zhao ◽  
Xiaoshuang Guo ◽  
Chenzhi Lai ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Hong Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Orbital Septum ◽  
Levator Palpebrae ◽  
Upper Blepharoplasty ◽  
Superior Sulcus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Double Eyelid

Abstract Background In patients with mild superior sulcus deformity, pseudoptosis, or multiple eyelid folds, several bulky fibers can be found anterior to the orbital septum. These fibers, called preorbital septum fibers, may constrict protrusion of the fat pad and movement of the levator palpebrae muscle. Objectives In this study, the authors illustrated the anatomy of these fibers and described the double-eyelid procedure to correct pseudoptosis, mild superior sulcus deformity, and multiple eyelid folds, which may be caused by these fibers. Methods The bulky preorbital septum fibers were dissected and severed during upper blepharoplasty to release the orbital septum fat pad and levator palpebrae muscle. This procedure was performed between January 2016 and January 2018 in 56 patients with distinct preorbital septum fibers. Results Of the 56 patients, 38 displayed mild to moderate upper eyelid depression and multiple eyelids, and 18 displayed pseudoptosis. Bulky fibers that existed in the superficial layer of the orbital septum were all dissected and removed. After 6 months’ recovery, the superior sulcus deformity improved in all patients. No recurrence of multiple eyelids was observed. Patients with pseudoptosis showed a notable release of their upper eyelids. Conclusions This is the first time to our knowledge that the preorbital septum fibers are described as a distinct anatomical structure. They are clinically important in upper eyelid anatomy and the improvement of sunken upper eyelids or pseudoptosis. The combination of blepharoplasty with release of these fibers is easy to perform and promote. Level of Evidence: 4

scholarly journals Investigation of retro-orbicularis oculi fat and associated orbital septum connective tissues in upper eyelid surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3899-3908
Author(s):  
Xi-Da Ma ◽  
Pu Chun ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Fei-Fei Li ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Orbicularis Oculi ◽  
Eyelid Surgery ◽  
Orbital Septum

scholarly journals The Orbital Septum in Upper Eyelid Retraction and Ptosis Complicating Fat Injection

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. NP62-NP63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen M. Putterman ◽  
Catherine Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Eyelid Retraction ◽  
Fat Injection ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Orbital Septum ◽  
Upper Eyelid Retraction

Surgical Anatomy of Nasolacrimal Duct and Sac in Human Cadavers

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulika Gupta ◽  
Suhalika S Sahni ◽  
Ruchi Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Lacrimal Sac ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Background Surgical importance of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) for both otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists cannot be overemphasized. Injury to this structure can lead to iatrogenic epiphora, synechiae formation and need for secondary lacrimal diversion procedures. Materials and methods The present study was conducted on 27 mid-sagittal sections of head and neck of formalin fixed adult cadavers. The inferior opening of the NLD was identified and exposed. The duct and the lacrimal sac were dissected. Pertinent distances of the inferior opening of the NLD from the easily identifiable surgical landmarks were recorded, so as to accurately locate the inferior opening of the duct using a digital vernier calliper (accuracy 0.02 mm, Mitutoya, Japan). Various dimensions and angulation of the duct and lacrimal sac were measured. Results The average length of NLD was 11.42 ± 2.45 mm and it was making an angle of 20° with the vertical plane. The duct was narrowest in caliber in its upper 1/3rd in majority (82%) of the cases. The average diameter of the inferior opening of the NLD was 3.14 mm. In two cases (7.4%), the opening was only 1.8 mm wide. The mean distance of the inferior opening of the duct was 20.7 mm from the columella, 25.5 mm below the skull base and 16.5 mm above the hard palate. The average distance between the inferior opening of the NLD and anterior end of the inferior turbinate was 14.8 mm. The mean A-P diameter of superior opening of NLD was about 3 mm. The average length and width of nasolacrimal sac at its center was 6.95 and 3.24 mm respectively. Conclusion Detailed anatomical knowledge of the NLD is of great importance for safe and successful endonasal surgery. The present study attempts to provide useful surgical guidelines by using anatomic and positional relationships between the NLD and the major surrounding landmarks. How to cite this article Sahni SS, Goyal R, Gupta T, Gupta AK. Surgical Anatomy of Nasolacrimal Duct and Sac in Human Cadavers. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(3):91-95.

scholarly journals SURGICAL ANATOMY OF VENOUS BLOOD FLOW OF THE I NFERIOR VENA CAVA SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
V. I. Rusin ◽  
S. O. Boyko ◽  
V. V. Rusin ◽  
S. Sh. S. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Venous Blood Flow

Summary. Purpose. Conduct an anatomical examination of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and its branches and determine the paths of collateral venous blood flow. Materials and methods. An anatomical examination of the IVC and its branches was performed on 27 corpses as a result of autopsy. The bodies of the corpses were hypostenic-normosthenic type. The organ complex was eviscerated by the Shore method. The degree of IVC coverage by the liver in relation to the circumference of the IVC was determined. Measurements of the total length of the IVC and for each of the individual 6 segments of the IVC were performed. The hepatic and lumbar veins were studied and the paths of collateral venous blood flow were analyzed. Results and discussion. The average length of IVC in the infrarenal segment was 107.6 mm, in the retrohepatic — 59.3 mm, in the suprarenal — 26.2 mm, in the interrenal — 23.4 mm, in the infradiaphragm — 15.2 mm, in the supradiaphragm — 12.0 mm, along the entire subdiaphragm segment — 197.8 mm. The coverage of IVC by the liver by 1/2 of its circumference was detected in 13 (48.1 %), by 2/3 — in 11 (40.7 %), by 1/3 — in 2 (7.4 %), by the whole length – in 1 (3.7 %) cases. Up to 23 venous trunks flow into the retrohepatic part of the IVC. The avascular area is located under the main hepatic veins with an average length of 13.1 mm and under the right renal vein with an average length of 17.8 mm. In 92.6 % of cases, the lumbar veins had an odd nature of confluence with the IVC – one common trunk. Conclusions: The anatomical study presented new knowledge of the clinical anatomy of IVС branches.

scholarly journals A typical manifestation of conjunctival epithelial inclusion cyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-207
Author(s):  
Jitender Jinagal ◽  
Parul Chawla Gupta ◽  
Nandita Kakkar ◽  
Jagat Ram
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Inclusion Cyst ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Palpebral Conjunctiva ◽  
Careful Clinical Examination ◽  
Atypical Manifestations ◽  
Epithelial Inclusion Cyst ◽  
Bloc Excision

Purpose: To report a case of conjunctival epithelial inclusion cyst with atypical manifestation.Methods: A 26-year-old male presented with a blackish-brown, subconjunctival mass located in palpebral conjunctiva of the upper eyelid. En bloc excision of the mass was performed and evaluated on histopathological examination.Results: The excised mass was well defined, dark brown in colour and simulated a solid foreign body. On histopathological examination, the mass was lined by stratified squamous epithelium with florid hyperkeratosis and haemorrhage inside it, consistent with atypical conjunctival epithelial inclusion cyst.Conclusion: A careful clinical examination and histopathological study is essential for the differential diagnosis of subconjunctival mass as rarely they may present with atypical manifestations.

EX VIVO EQUINE HEART AND LUNG PERFUSION SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Guest ◽  
Luis Arroyo ◽  
Laurent Viel ◽  
Carolyn Kerr ◽  
John Runciman
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Lung Perfusion ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Lung Inflation

An ex vivo heart lung perfusion system (EVHLPS) was designed and constructed in order to facilitate the study of hemodynamic and mechanical phenomena associated with the equine pulmonary vascular system. Fresh en bloc heart and lung preparations collected from adult horses were placed in an enclosed chamber in normal anatomic orientation and perfused with isotonic phosphate buffered saline (PBS) via a closed loop, pulsatile perfusion system. Pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, left atrial pressure and perfusate temperature were regulated. Lungs were ventilated by static lung inflation and dynamic positive pressure ventilation (PPV). Instrumentation was introduced into the pulmonary arterial system via an instrument chamber incorporated in the perfusate flow piping upstream from the cranial vena cava. Key physiologic parameters (mean [SD]); PA flow (1.57 [0.61] L/min); systolic pressure (SAP) (42.5 [6.83] mmHg); diastolic pressure (DAP) (30.3 [3.86] mmHg); and perfusate temperature (37.1 [0.46]°C) were observed with en bloc heart and lung preparations (n = 5). PA pulse wave velocity (PWV) was found to vary from 1.72 to 12.50 m/s (n = 2) and appeared to have directly proportional relationships with mean arterial pressure (MAP) and distance within the PA.

Surgical Anatomy of the Upper Eyelid Fascia

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Upper Eyelid

scholarly journals The Surgical Anatomy of Lumbar Medial Branch Neurotomy (Facet Denervation)

Pain Medicine ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lau ◽  
Susan Mercer ◽  
Jayantilal Govind ◽  
Nikolai Bogduk
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Medial Branch ◽  
Facet Denervation

En bloc resection of an intracavernous oculomotor nerve schwannoma and grafting of the oculomotor nerve with sural nerve

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Mariniello ◽  
Alenka Horvat ◽  
Vinko V. Dolenc
Keyword(s):  
Sural Nerve ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
En Bloc Resection ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Bloc Resection ◽  
Oculomotor Nerve ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Content Type

✓ A case in which a left oculomotor nerve schwannoma treated by en bloc resection of the lesion and grafting of the oculomotor nerve with sural nerve is presented. Recovery of nerve function was partial, but useful and cosmetically good. The last follow-up examination performed 2 years after surgery revealed recovery of function in the elevator muscle of the upper eyelid, together with slight vertical movement of the eye.

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