Effect of Reaction-Time Feedback on Subject Performance in the Item-Recognition Task

Examination of the correlations among measures of performance on Sternberg's item-recognition task by 136 students showed a low correlation of. 38 between the slopes of the functions relating response latency to set size for positive and negative responses. The correlation between the mean latency of positive and negative responses was substantially higher (r =. 91) than that of the slopes. The low correlation between the slopes suggests a mechanism such as an adjustable response criterion that results in a tradeoff between response latency on positive and negative trials.

Download Full-text

Event-Related Potentials to Match and Mismatch Letters in an Immediate Item Recognition Task

International Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.3109/00207458308987362 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 18 (3-4) ◽

pp. 191-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Linda R. Warren ◽

Steven S. Wideman

Keyword(s):

Recognition Task ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Item Recognition ◽

Item Recognition Task ◽

Related Potentials

Download Full-text

Methodological considerations in estimating speed of cognitive operations

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617700000047 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

James T. Becker ◽

Rocco Caldararo ◽

Alan D. Baddeley ◽

Mary Amanda Dew ◽

William C. Heindel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Memory Task ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Psychological Theory ◽

Item Recognition ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Item Recognition Task ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Stability ◽

Methodological Considerations

AbstractIndividuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and having cognitive impairment have been described as having slow mentation. Data supporting this proposition come from a variety of sources, including Sternberg's (1966) item recognition memory task. The procedure nominally provides an index of speed of mental operations, independent from input/output demands. However, since the original use of this procedure in the 1960s, advances in cognitive psychology have revealed many of its limitations. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of this task. Each participant performed the Sternberg item recognition task twice, 6 mo apart. The stability of the estimate of the slope of regression equations and for zero intercept ranged from excellent (r = .87) to poor (r = .30), and the data from many individual subjects could not be reliably modelled using multiple linear regression techniques. These data, as well as those from previous research, demonstrate the limited practical use of this task in clinical samples. Furthermore, as cognitive psychological theory has advanced in the past 30 yr, the conceptual underpinnings of the procedure have essentially evaporated. (JINS, 1995, 1, 3–9).

Download Full-text

The Temporal Dynamics of Event Memory: A Stage Analysis of Mnemonic Processing by Man and Macaque

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.1989.1.4.356 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 356-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeffrey David Lawine

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Memory Load ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Species Difference ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Neural Substrates ◽

Item Recognition Task ◽

Stage Analysis

Extensive anatomical and psychophysical data suggest that macaques can serve as surrogates for man in studies of the neural substrates of visual mnemonic processing. However, the extent to which mnemonic-mechanisms in macaques can be validly compared to those in man depends critically on the demonstration that the cognitive strategy and temporal dynamics of mnemonic retrieval are congruent For the two species. Seven human and six macaque subjects were tested on identical versions of an item recognition task that required the classification of probe stimuli as positive or negative according to whether or not they were members of a previously defined set of target stimuli. For the human subjects, reaction time increased by an average of 24 msec/target. The macaques were able to respond as accurately as the human subjects, but each additional target resulted in a reaction time increment of only 7 msec. A detailed analysis of the statistical properties of the reaction-time distributions indicated that these data do not reflect a between-species difference in the efficiency of execution of otherwise comparable, serial-exhaustive, retrieval mechanisms. Rather, the data suggest that human subjects engage two memory-load dependent processes before generating a response, while macaques execute only one of these. Additional data indicate that a reaction-time approach toward the analysis of the stages of mnemonic processing can provide new insights into the specific nature of mnemonic deficits induced by brain damage.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Subsidiary Tasks on Memory Retrieval from Long and Short Lists

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1080/14640747808400671 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 221-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ronald Okada ◽

David Burrows

Keyword(s):

Memory Retrieval ◽

Good Description ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Item Recognition ◽

Steep Slope ◽

Immediate Memory ◽

Set Size ◽

Item Recognition Task ◽

Slope Difference ◽

The Difference

Burrows and Okada (1975) found that reaction time in an item recognition task was a monotonic but non-linear function of memory set size when set size varied from two to 20. A bilinear function with a steep slope for short lists and a shallow slope for long lists provided a good description of the data. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the difference in slope between long and short lists arises from the extra attention devoted to, or rehearsal of, items within the span of immediate memory. Rehearsal of a prememorized list was discouraged by including a counting backwards task (Experiment I) or by presenting a second list of items that required processing (Experiment II). In neither experiment did the subsidiary task reduce the slope difference. It would appear that the slope difference is not a result of rehearsal of subspan lists.

Download Full-text

Holographic and trace strength models of rehearsal effects in the item recognition task

Memory & Cognition ◽

10.3758/bf03213163 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 186-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Patrick Cavanagh

Keyword(s):

Recognition Task ◽

Item Recognition ◽

Trace Strength ◽

Item Recognition Task ◽

Strength Models

Download Full-text

Nonlinear Regression of Functional MRI Data: An Item Recognition Task Study

NeuroImage ◽

10.1006/nimg.2000.0604 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 173-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

F. Kruggel ◽

S. Zysset ◽

D.Y. von Cramon

Keyword(s):

Functional Mri ◽

Nonlinear Regression ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Item Recognition ◽

Item Recognition Task

Download Full-text

Does speed of recognition predict two-alternative forced-choice performance? Replicating and extending Starns, Dubé, and Frelinger (2018)

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1177/1747021820963033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 122-134

Author(s):

Anne Voormann ◽

Annelie Rothe-Wulf ◽

Jeffrey J Starns ◽

Karl Christoph Klauer

Keyword(s):

Error Correction ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Item Recognition ◽

Forced Choice ◽

Single Item ◽

Item Recognition Task ◽

Simple Error ◽

Speed Effect ◽

Recognition Errors ◽

Previous Error

Does the speed of single-item recognition errors predict performance in subsequent two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) trials that include an item with a previous error response? Starns, Dubé, and Frelinger found effects of this kind in two experiments and accounted for them in terms of continuous memory-strength signal guiding recognition decisions. However, the effects of error speed might just as well only reflect an artefact due to an error-correction strategy that uses response latency as a heuristic cue to guide 2AFC responses, elicited through confounding factors in their experimental design such as error-correction instructions and feedback. Using two conditions, a replication condition, replicating the procedure from Starns et al., and an extension condition (each n = 130), controlling for the named shortcomings, we replicated the error speed effect. In both conditions, speed of errors in a single-item recognition task was predictive of subsequent 2AFC performance, including the respective error item. To be more precise, fast errors were associated with decreased 2AFC performance. As there was no interaction with the factor condition, the results support the idea that speed of single-item recognition responses reflects the amount of memory information underlying the respective response rather than being used for a simple error-correction strategy to improve 2AFC performance.

Download Full-text