scholarly journals Larval Growth Patterns in the Aesop Shrimp Pandalus Montagui

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Anger ◽  
Kirstin Schultze
Keyword(s):  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns

Larval Behavior and Protective Implications for Sea Scallops and Surf Clams within the Middle Atlantic Bight: Part Two, Variability of Physical Environment and Larval Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Larval Behavior ◽  
Larval Release ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Sea Scallops

Larval growth and settlement rates are important larval behaviors for larval protections. The variability of larval growthsettlement rates and physical conditions for 2006-2012 and in the future with potential climate changes was studied using the coupling ROMS-IMBs, and new temperature and current indexes. Forty-four experimental cases were conducted for larval growth patterns and release mechanisms, showing the spatial, seasonal, annual, and climatic variations of larval growthsettlement rates and physical conditions, demonstrating that the slight different larval temperature-adaption and larval release strategies made difference in larval growth-settlement rates, and displaying that larval growth and settlement rates highly depended upon physical conditions and were vulnerable to climate changes.

scholarly journals Morphological Murals: The Scaling and Allometry of Butterfly Wing Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayleigh Palmer ◽  
Kenneth Z McKenna ◽  
H F Nijhout
Keyword(s):  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Junonia Coenia ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Final Size

Abstract The color patterns of butterflies moths are exceptionally diverse, but are very stable within a species, so that most species can be identified on the basis of their color pattern alone. The color pattern is established in the wing imaginal disc during a prolonged period of growth and differentiation, beginning during the last larval instar and ending during the first few days of the pupal stage. During this period, a variety of diffusion and reaction–diffusion signaling mechanisms determine the positions and sizes of the various elements that make up the overall color pattern. The patterning occurs while the wing is growing from a small imaginal disc to a very large pupal wing. One would therefore expect that some or all aspects of the color pattern would be sensitive to the size of the developmental field on which pattern formation takes place. To study this possibility, we analyzed the color patterns of Junonia coenia from animals whose growth patterns were altered by periodic starvation during larval growth, which produced individuals with a large range of variation in body size and wing size. Analyses of the color patterns showed that the positions and size of the pattern elements scaled perfectly isometrically with wing size. This is a puzzling finding and suggests the operation of a homeostatic or robustness mechanism that stabilizes pattern in spite of variation in the growth rate and final size of the wing.

scholarly journals A combination of genetic and phenotypic characterization of spring- and autumn-spawning herring suggests gene flow between populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Berg ◽  
Hedda D Østgaard ◽  
Aril Slotte ◽  
Leif Andersson ◽  
Arild Folkvord
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Otolith Microstructure ◽  
Complex Population ◽  
Population Structure And Dynamics

Abstract Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) has complex population structure and dynamics including diverse life histories and spawning times with spring and autumn spawning as the most common modes. Originally, spawning herring were phenotypically identified based on their maturity development or otolith microstructure by determining seasonal specific larval growth patterns. Recently, genetic markers have revealed clear genetic differentiation between spring- and autumn-spawning populations. All three methods were applied to herring caught at the same locations during spring and autumn to determine the coherence of methods. In a selected subset, most herring (∼77%) had an otolith microstructure and genetic assignment coinciding with the phenotypically assigned spawning season. Non-spawning herring (<5%) that were classified as belonging to the current spawning season using genotyping and otolith-typing were assigned as skipped spawners. For ∼8% of spawning herring, the genetic and otolith assignment contradicted the phenotypically assigned spawning season, characteristic of straying individuals. Otolith-typing contradicted the genetic and phenotypical assignment in ∼7% of the cases, potentially representing individuals reuniting back to the spawning season favoured by their genotype. Although the viability of offspring from these individuals remains undocumented, it is suggested that the observed switching of spawning season may contribute to gene flow between herring populations.

A comparison of the life histories and growth patterns of populations of the salamander Ambystoma gracile (Baird) from permanent low-altitude and montane lakes

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2098-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Eagleson
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Size At Metamorphosis ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
High Altitude Lake ◽  
Sexually Mature

Laboratory and field studies were initiated to study the life-history patterns of populations of Ambystoma gracile from three permanent lakes located at different altitudes in southwestern British Columbia. Laboratory studies indicated clear differences between low- and high-altitude populations with respect to larval growth, timing of metamorphosis, size at metamorphosis, and the incidence of neoteny. Field studies indicated that low-altitude neotenous females became sexually mature at a length of 7.1 cm (snout to vent length, SVL); but owing to the shorter seasons within higher altitude lakes, neotenous females required more seasons to attain sexual maturity. High- and low-altitude males attained sexual maturity at 7.4-cm SVL, but a few smaller, sexually mature males were discovered within the high-altitude lake. Neotenous females reproduced annually within the low-altitude lake, but high-altitude neotenous females did not reproduce during successive years. Possible genetic adaptations to low and high altitudes are discussed.

scholarly journals Acidic Seawater can Promote Larval Metamorphosis in the Marine Mud Snail, Nassarius obsoletus

2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Esther M. Leise ◽  
Jeremy T. Washburn ◽  
Joshua Long ◽  
Brandi Bridgewater ◽  
Nishant Shah
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Larval Metamorphosis ◽  
Major Trend ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Nassarius Obsoletus ◽  
Marine Mud

Abstract Elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 have had the unintended effect of acidifying the world's oceans by at least 0.1 pH unit since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Current models of the effects of continued CO2 release anticipate a further increase in ocean acidity by 0.14 to 0.4 pH units by the end of this century. Numerous marine organisms with calcareous shells or exoskeletons are expected to undergo deleterious effects, including shell or exoskeletal dissolution or calcification with increased metabolic costs. While many studies have documented potential effects of ocean acidity on adult calcareous organisms, less work has focused on embryonic or developmental changes. Alterations in ocean biochemistry can affect metabolic processes beyond calcification, and our investigations into the development of the local intertidal mudsnail, Nassarius obsoletus, led us to hypothesize that rising ocean acidity would increase incidents of larval shell decalcification, decrease larval growth rates, and induce precocious metamorphosis. As an initial study of potential effects of future acidic conditions on larval N. obsoletus, we raised larvae in seawater adjusted to lower than normal pH levels with hydrochloric acid (HCl), measured larval growth every 5 days in 15 randomly selected individuals from each culture, and conducted experiments on larval metamorphosis in physiologically competent larvae. We found no major trend in growth patterns of larvae from pH 8.2 to 7.7. However, results from a number of pharmacological experiments demonstrated that larvae grown in acidic conditions metamorphose more readily than controls. Our investigations are far from a definitive exploration of the effects of oceanic acidity on the development of this marine mollusc, but our data suggest that key developmental processes in marine invertebrates may be influenced in unexpected ways by continued climatic changes.

Microstructural growth patterns in the otoliths of larval and juvenile starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Campana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Increment Width ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Platichthys Stellatus

Microstructural growth patterns were examined and interpreted in the otoliths of both wild and laboratory-reared starry flounders, Platichthys stellatus. Growth increments were not formed with a daily periodicity in laboratory-reared larvae. However, increment counts increased with the degree of sample preparation, suggesting that increments near the resolving limit of light microscopy were not being observed. Increments in wild flounder sagittae were more clearly defined under both light and electron microscopy; in addition, larval and juvenile growth patterns could be easily differentiated. A transition zone between the growth regions corresponded to the size and age at metamorphosis. An increase of increment width with larval age resulted from a curvilinear relationship between otolith diameter and fish size. Larval growth rates of wild fish remained relatively constant at 0.25 mm/day until metamorphosis; juvenile growth rates were substantially higher. Metamorphosis was characterized by a sudden but temporary decline in growth rate.

Larval growth patterns in Cyprinus carpio and Clarias gariepinus with attention to the finfold

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1339-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. Snik ◽  
J. G. M. Boogaart ◽  
J. W. M. Osse
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns

Assessment of larval growth patterns: A comparison across five fish species in the Bay of Biscay

2021 ◽  
pp. 101958
Author(s):  
Paula Alvarez ◽  
Unai Cotano ◽  
Itziar Estensoro ◽  
Egoitz Etxebeste ◽  
Xabier Irigoien
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Bay Of Biscay
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