Clutch Size Variation and Patterns of Attrition in Fecundity of Willow Ptarmigan

Ecology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1788-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Martin ◽  
S. J. Hannon ◽  
R. F. Rockwell
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Willow Ptarmigan

The effect of renesting ability and nesting attempt on egg-size variation in willow ptarmigan

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2252-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett K. Sandercock ◽  
Hans Chr. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Egg Volume ◽  
Willow Ptarmigan ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Nest Loss

Interclutch variation in the size of free-living willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus alexandrae) eggs was examined at Chilkat Pass, British Columbia. Egg volume (19.9 ± 0.1 cm3; mean ± 1 SE) fell within the range reported for other populations of ptarmigan. Most of the egg-size variation (56.0%) was explained by differences among females, but renesting ability and nesting attempt were also important. The age-class of females and timing of nest loss had no effect on egg-size variation. Females that laid replacement clutches produced eggs in their first nesting attempts (n = 12 females, 102 eggs) that were 4.6% (0.9 cm3) larger than the eggs of birds that did not renest (n = 12 females, 95 eggs). Clutch size decreased between nesting attempts, and there was a 1.6% (0.3 cm3) increase in egg size (n = 12 females, 65 eggs). We suggest that future studies examining the influence of nesting attempt on egg size should also control for renesting ability.

Geographical differences in seasonal clutch size variation in multi-brooded bird species

Ibis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
André A. Dhondt ◽  
Tracey L. Kast ◽  
Paul E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Geographical Differences

Extreme rainfall-related clutch size variation in the Critically Endangered Raso Lark Alauda razae of the arid Cape Verde islands

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de L. BROOKE
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cape Verde Islands ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Island Endemic

SummaryThe Raso Lark Alauda razae is a single island endemic confined to the island of Raso in the Cape Verde islands. It has been studied via short (11–20 day), similarly-timed visits every year from 2001 to 2017. These November/December visits have occurred towards the end of the main rainy period (August–October) in the Cape Verdes. Average clutch size ranged from zero (no nests found) to 3.57 in different years and was strongly correlated with rainfall in the three months preceding the year’s visit, but not with population size, which varied 25-fold during the study period. Since the nomadic pursuit of rain is not an option for the Raso Lark, the species adjusts clutch size according to conditions prevailing on Raso.

Annual variation in common eider egg size: effects of temperature, clutch size, laying date, and laying sequence

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1579-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
N 93

Annual variation in volumes of eggs laid by common eiders (Somateria mollissima sedentaria) nesting at La Pérouse Bay, Manitoba (58°43′N, 93°27′W), was studied over 3 years (1991–1993). Temperatures during the egg-laying period were higher in 1991 than in 1992 and 1993. However, the eiders began nesting in 1993 at the same time as in 1991, whereas in 1992 the eiders began laying approximately 2 weeks later. Eiders laid significantly smaller clutches in 1992 than in the other 2 years. Egg size did not correlate with clutch size or laying date in any year. However, eiders laid smaller eggs in 1992 and 1993 than in 1991. In five egg clutches, the pattern of intraclutch egg-size variation was different among years. The last laid eggs of five egg clutches were disproportionately smaller in 1992 and 1993 (cold years) than those laid in 1991. Minimum daily temperatures before the egg-laying period (during rapid yolk development) were positively correlated with egg size. However, this effect was not significant when year and egg sequence were controlled for. Egg-size variation was correlated with the overall ambient temperatures during the laying period, whereas annual clutch-size variation was correlated with laying date, suggesting that the proximate mechanisms affecting clutch and egg size are different.

Egg size and clutch size in three species of Nihonotrypaea (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Callianassidae) from western Kyushu, Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kubo ◽  
K. Shimoda ◽  
A. Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Ariake Sound ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons

Three species of the callianassid genus Nihonotrypaea occur in the Ariake Sound estuarine system, southern Japan; they consist of two tidal-flat species (N. harmandi; N. japonica) and one boulder-beach species (N. petalura), with maximum population densities of 1440, 343, and 12 ind m−2, respectively. Nihonotrypaea harmandi and N. petalura are distributed along the coastline from the outermost part of the sound to the open sea, while N. japonica occurs in the middle part of the sound. Nihonotrypaea japonica has an extended reproductive period from late winter to autumn, while those of the other species are from late spring or summer to autumn. Interspecific comparisons were made for recently laid egg size (as volume) and clutch size (as number of eggs per female). Only in N. japonica was a seasonal egg size variation observed, being significantly larger in winter to spring (mean=0.106 mm3) than in summer (0.080 mm3). By contrast, clutch size was significantly smaller in winter to spring, resulting in nearly the same clutch volume per female (product of the mean egg volume and clutch size) between the seasons. Among the three species, the egg size was ordered as N. japonica (overall mean volume through the seasons=0.092 mm3)>>N. petalura (0.057 mm3)>N. harmandi (0.054 mm3). The clutch size was ordered as N. harmandi>N. petalura≈N. japonica. The clutch volume was ordered as N. japonica≈N. harmandi>N. petalura. The smallest clutch volume value for N. petalura female showed an opposite trend to the relative size of the major cheliped found in a previous study.

Within-clutch egg-size variation in a subsocial bug: the positional effect hypothesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 1540-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Positional Effect ◽  
Effect Hypothesis

If there are differences in predation risk among the offspring within a clutch, parents should allocate less resources to the offspring facing higher risk. Predation risk, and thus offspring size, may depend on the spatial position of individual offspring within a clutch. To test this positional effect hypothesis, I examined egg-size (egg-mass) variation in the subsocial bug Elasmucha signoreti Scott, 1874 (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae). In subsocial insects, including Elasmucha , in which females guard their clutches against predators by covering the clutch with their bodies, there are large differences in survival between offspring at the centre and at the periphery of the clutch. There was considerable variation in reproductive output among females; female body size was positively correlated with egg mass but not with clutch size. Females laid significantly lighter eggs in the peripheral, and thus more vulnerable, part of the clutch. No phenotypic trade-off between egg mass and clutch size was detected. Egg mass was positively correlated with hatched first-instar nymph mass. Thus, E. signoreti females seem to allocate their resources according to the different predation risks faced by the offspring within a clutch. I suggest that the positional effect hypothesis can generally be applicable to species whose females lay eggs in clutches and that the eggs suffer different mortality rates which depend on their spatial positions within the clutch.

Factors affecting egg viability and incubation time in prairie dabbling ducks

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1146-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd W. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Anas Clypeata

I determined hatching success for 328 dabbling duck (Anas spp.) eggs that were experimentally subjected to varying lengths of preincubation delay and then artificially incubated. Hatchability declined as unincubated eggs were exposed to longer preincubation delays. This effect was more pronounced at higher ambient temperatures and later in the nesting season, but did not vary with egg size or among duck species. These results are largely consistent with observed patterns of clutch-size variation among prairie-nesting waterfowl. Clutch size may be smaller later in the year and at lower latitudes owing to the negative effects of date and temperature on the ability of eggs to withstand preincubation delay. The timing of embryo mortality was bimodal, with peaks occurring during early development (<6 d) and just before hatching (>22 d); however, only early mortality was affected by preincubation delay. Eggs lost up to 2.6% of their initial mass as water vapor during preincubation delay, but the amount of water loss did not affect hatching success. Eggs subjected to preincubation delay required about 1 additional day to hatch. Incubation time was related to egg size in northern shovelers (Anas clypeata) and in all species combined, but not in blue-winged teal (Anas discors) or mallards (Anasplatyrhynchos). These data provide only weak support for the hypothesis that large eggs are costly because they take longer to hatch.

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