Intratree Variation in Foliage Development Influences the Foraging Strategy of a Caterpillar

Ecology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1978-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan L. Carroll ◽  
Dan T. Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Foliage Development ◽  
Intratree Variation

Do Javan gibbons ( Hylobates moloch ) use fruiting synchrony as a foraging strategy?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haneul Jang ◽  
Rahayu Oktaviani ◽  
Sanha Kim ◽  
Ani Mardiastuti ◽  
Jae C. Choe
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Hylobates Moloch

scholarly journals Be different to be better: the effect of personality on optimal foraging with incomplete knowledge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poppy M. Jeffries ◽  
Samantha C. Patrick ◽  
Jonathan R. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Optimal Foraging Theory ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Plausible Mechanism ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Modelling Approach

AbstractMany animal populations include a diversity of personalities, and these personalities are often linked to foraging strategy. However, it is not always clear why populations should evolve to have this diversity. Indeed, optimal foraging theory typically seeks out a single optimal strategy for individuals in a population. So why do we, in fact, see a variety of strategies existing in a single population? Here, we aim to provide insight into this conundrum by modelling the particular case of foraging seabirds, that forage on patchy prey. These seabirds have only partial knowledge of their environment: they do not know exactly where the next patch will emerge, but they may have some understanding of which locations are more likely to lead to patch emergence than others. Many existing optimal foraging studies assume either complete knowledge (e.g. Marginal Value Theorem) or no knowledge (e.g. Lévy Flight Hypothesis), but here we construct a new modelling approach which incorporates partial knowledge. In our model, different foraging strategies are favoured by different birds along the bold-shy personality continuum, so we can assess the optimality of a personality type. We show that it is optimal to be shy (resp. bold) when living in a population of bold (resp. shy) birds. This observation gives a plausible mechanism behind the emergence of diverse personalities. We also show that environmental degradation is likely to favour shyer birds and cause a decrease in diversity of personality over time.

scholarly journals : The Foraging Strategy of Howler Monkeys: A Study in Primate Economics . Katharine Milton.

1981 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-920
Author(s):  
John G. Fleagle
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Howler Monkeys

Seabird and dolphin associations: do seabirds benefit from feeding in association with dusky dolphins in Patagonia?

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Degrati ◽  
Silvana L. Dans ◽  
Griselda V. Garaffo ◽  
Enrique A. Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Research Vessel ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
Dusky Dolphins ◽  
Dusky Dolphin ◽  
Mixed Groups

The objective of this study was to describe associations between several species of seabirds and dusky dolphins. We investigated during what dolphin activities seabirds were most commonly associated, and the size of flock in relation to the number of dolphins in a group. Since both seabirds and dolphins may display different feeding strategies, we also investigated if benefits differed among seabird species. Data were collected in Golfo Nuevo (42°20′S65°00′W) on-board a research vessel between 2001 and 2008. A total of 224 mixed groups of seabirds were encountered during this study. The seabird–dolphin associations were mainly observed during dusky dolphin surface feeding. Shearwaters and kelp gulls were mainly observed in flocks that were associated with dolphins, while Magellanic penguins and cormorants were mainly observed without dolphins. Seabirds may be conditioned to the foraging strategy of dolphins, since birds are associated with dolphins only during dolphin surface feeding. This association probably helped seabirds to find prey, but there were no obvious benefits to dolphins.

The Foraging Strategy of Howler Monkeys: A Study in Primate Economics. Katharine Milton

1981 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-484
Author(s):  
Theodore I. Grand
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Howler Monkeys

scholarly journals Diving deep into trouble: the role of foraging strategy and morphology in adapting to a changing environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Ladds ◽  
David Rosen ◽  
Carling Gerlinsky ◽  
David Slip ◽  
Robert Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Body Morphology ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Physiological Capacity ◽  
Total Body Oxygen

Abstract Physiology places constraints on an animal’s ability to forage and those unable to adapt to changing conditions may face increased challenges to reproduce and survive. As the global marine environment continues to change, small, air-breathing, endothermic marine predators such as otariids (fur seals and sea lions) and particularly females, who are constrained by central place foraging during breeding, may experience increased difficulties in successfully obtaining adequate food resources. We explored whether physiological limits of female otariids may be innately related to body morphology (fur seals vs sea lions) and/or dictate foraging strategies (epipelagic vs mesopelagic or benthic). We conducted a systematic review of the increased body of literature since the original reviews of Costa et al. (When does physiology limit the foraging behaviour of freely diving mammals? Int Congr Ser 2004;1275:359–366) and Arnould and Costa (Sea lions in drag, fur seals incognito: insights from the otariid deviants. In Sea Lions of the World Fairbanks. Alaska Sea Grant College Program, Alaska, USA, pp. 309–324, 2006) on behavioural (dive duration and depth) and physiological (total body oxygen stores and diving metabolic rates) parameters. We estimated calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL—estimated duration of aerobic dives) for species and used simulations to predict the proportion of dives that exceeded the cADL. We tested whether body morphology or foraging strategy was the primary predictor of these behavioural and physiological characteristics. We found that the foraging strategy compared to morphology was a better predictor of most parameters, including whether a species was more likely to exceed their cADL during a dive and the ratio of dive time to cADL. This suggests that benthic and mesopelagic divers are more likely to be foraging at their physiological capacity. For species operating near their physiological capacity (regularly exceeding their cADL), the ability to switch strategies is limited as the cost of foraging deeper and longer is disproportionally high, unless it is accompanied by physiological adaptations. It is proposed that some otariids may not have the ability to switch foraging strategies and so be unable adapt to a changing oceanic ecosystem.

Gregariousness and intraspecific aggression in Iberian bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae) throughout the year

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ángel Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Intraspecific Aggression ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Pyrrhula Pyrrhula

Abstract This study provides novel information about gregariousness and intraspecific aggression in Iberian bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae) in northwestern Spain. Small monospecific parties never exceeding 10 individuals were seen throughout the year, larger in winter on average. Males considerably outnumbered females within the groups. Adult flocks were frequent only in winter. In spring, many of the adult groups were mixed-sex assemblages composed of pairs plus supernumerary males. Sightings of juvenile groups, up to seven individuals, were common in summer–autumn. The vigilance role in mixed-sex assemblages, including pairs, appeared to be the responsibility of males based on sex-specific vigilance rates. The highest frequency of aggressive encounters, mainly male against male, occurred during the breeding season, associated with mate defence. Females attacked males, not the contrary, which supports reversed sexual dominance in bullfinches. Gregariousness probably acted as an anti-predatory and foraging strategy.

Correlated evolution of thermal characteristics and foraging strategy in lacertid lizards

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Verwaijen ◽  
R. Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Correlated Evolution ◽  
Lacertid Lizards

scholarly journals Prey density affects predator foraging strategy in an Antarctic ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 350-359
Author(s):  
Karl M. Busdieker ◽  
Samantha C. Patrick ◽  
Alice M. Trevail ◽  
Sébastien Descamps
Keyword(s):  
Prey Density ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Antarctic Ecosystem ◽  
Predator Foraging

The effect of variation in the storage temperature of seed potatoes on sprout growth and subsequent yield

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Sprout Length ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Foliage Development ◽  
Sprout Growth ◽  
All Treatment

SUMMARYExperiments, conducted over 3 years, investigated the effect of all combinations of two storage periods at low temperature (0 or 2 °C) and two storage periods at 10 °C on the sprout growth, numbers of stems per tuber, foliage development and subsequent tuber yield of the two maincrop varieties Maris Piper and Désirée.Although the number of day-degrees accumulated during sprouting was the same for all treatment combinations, there were large effects of treatments on the number of sproutlets per tuber and the total sprout length per tuber. However, there was no effect on the number of stems per tuber, foliage development or saleable ware yield inany year.

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