Forecasting US Age Structure and the Future of Social Security: The Impact of Adjustments to Official Mortality Schedules

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil G. Bennett ◽  
S. Jay Olshansky
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHICALLY-DETERMINED CHANGES IN PUBLIC SPENDING ON EDUCATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Nataliia Nazukova
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Finance System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Ensuring the sustainability of the public finance system forms the basis for sustainable development and growth of the national economy. The sustainability of the public finance system is influenced by both macro-financial indicators and indicators of government spending and debt. It is well known that the demographic burden on the budget will grow in the future. This will be manifested in an increase of government’s social spending. Therefore, studies of the impact of demographically-driven costs on the sustainability of public finances in the future are relevant. Insufficiently studied – in this particular context – are the government’s spending on education, which led to the choice of the subject of the study. Purpose. The purpose of the research is in analytical assessment of the impact of changes in the volume of spending on education (caused by the demographic aging in Ukraine) on budgetary sustainability. Method (methodology). The methodological basis of the study is the theoretical provisions of the economic science of public finance in general and public funding of education in particular. The article uses general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical knowledge: analysis and synthesis of data on financing of various levels of education and their age structure; mathematical modeling and forecasting in assessing the demographic impact on public finance’ sustainability; systemic analysis of the results. Results. The article reflects the main results of the analysis of demographically determined trends in the volume of financing of various levels of education in Ukraine, determines the age proportions of financing of education in the base year and decomposes the corresponding spending by the age structure of the population; changes in the volume of budget financing of various levels of education in Ukraine in the medium and long term (taking into account forecasts of demographic aging of the population), estimates the impact of demographically determined changes in the volume of budget financing of education on the sustainability of public finance in the medium term. The results can be applied in budget planning, in the development of a budget declaration and program-targeted documents regarding financing of the education sector in Ukraine.

scholarly journals The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy: Using the Future Elderly Model to Estimate Implications for Social Security and Medicare

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana P. Goldman ◽  
Peter R. Orszag
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
If Current ◽  
The Future ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
Total Program ◽  
The Impact

Mortality gradients by education and income have been rising in the United States and elsewhere. However, their impact on Social Security progressivity has received relatively little attention, and the impact on Medicare has received effectively none. This paper uses the Future Elderly Model to estimate the effects of increased mortality gaps on the progressivity of Social Security and Medicare for those born between 1928 and 1990. It finds significant reductions in progressivity of both programs if current mortality trends persist and noticeable effects on total program costs. The effects are large enough to warrant more attention from both policy-makers and researchers.

Pengaruh Budaya Terhadap Akuntansi, Auditing Dan Praktik Akuntansi Internasional

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
Priyastiwi Priyastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
National Level ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Financial Disclosure ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to provide the basic model of Hofstede and Grays’ cultural values that relates the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s accounting value. This article reviews some studies that prove the model and develop the research in the future. There are some evidences that link the Hofstede’s cultural values studies with the auditor’s judgment and decisions by developing a framework that categorizes the auditor’s judgments and decisions are most likely influenced by cross-cultural differences. The categories include risk assessment, risk decisions and ethical judgments. Understanding the impact of cultural factors on the practice of accounting and financial disclosure is important to achieve the harmonization of international accounting. Deep understanding about how the local values may affect the accounting practices and their impacts on the financial disclosure are important to ensure the international comparability of financial reporting. Gray’s framework (1988) expects how the culture may affect accounting practices at the national level. One area of the future studies will examine the impact of cultural dimensions to the values of accounting, auditing and decision making. Key word : Motivation, leadership style, job satisfaction, performance

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