Recent Negotiations toward the International Regulation of Whaling

1941 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Larry Leonard
Keyword(s):  
International Agreements ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
The Creation

Prior to the outbreak of the European war on September 3, 1939, progress had been made, by means of international agreements for the conservation of whales, toward the creation of what M. Suarez in 1925 characterized as a new jurisprudence “ of which today we have no inkling, owing to the fact that the necessity which now arouses our legitimate apprehensions was never contemplated.” In 1931, due to the efforts of the League of Nations, a Convention for the Regulation of Whaling was opened for signature at Geneva; in 1937, an International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling was signed at London; in 1938, a Protocol Amending the International Agreement was signed at London.

scholarly journals PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PENGEMBALIAN ASET HASIL KORUPSI DI INDONESIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamin Ginting
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Important Requirement ◽  
Asset Recovery

International agreement is an important requirement to make asset recovery effectively.  Mutual Legal Assistant (MLA) and Extradition are types of international agreement which usually used among country in asset recovery.  Beside the regulations mentioned above, there are international regulation in United Nations ConventionAgaints Corruptio, 2003 (UNCAC 2003) which should be adopted and applied in Indonesian Regulation to make asset recovery  effectively, such as regulation concerning Illicit Enrichment, Trading in Influence, bribery of foreign public officials and officials of Public international organizations, bribery in the private sector and another regulations which is  supposed to be regulated in Indonesian’s regulation.Key words: corruption, international agreements, extradition

BERLAKU DAN KEABSAHAN PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PANDANGAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Komang Sukaniasa
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
The State ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Binding Force ◽  
International Rights ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Made In

International agreements are agreements between international subjects that give rise to binding obligations in international rights, which can be bilateral or multilateral. Based on these opinions, an understanding can be taken that international treaties are agreements or agreements entered into by two or more countries as subjects of international law that aim to cause certain legal consequences. International agreements, whether ratified or through approval or acceptance or accession, or other methods that are permitted, have the same binding force as ratified international treaties established in the Ratification Law of International Treaties. Once again, it is equally valid and binding on the state. Therefore, the authors consider that the position of international treaties are not made in the form of the Ratification Act of the International Agreement but are binding and apply to Indonesia. Then Damos Dumoli Agusman argues that ratification originates from the conception of international treaty law which is interpreted as an act of confirmation from a country of the legal acts of its envoys or representatives who have signed an agreement as a sign of agreement to be bound by the agreement.

History of the creation and activities of the League of Nations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (09) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Alexander Begichev ◽  
Alexander Galushkin ◽  
Andrey Zvonaryev ◽  
Victor Shestak
Keyword(s):  
League Of Nations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

Prologue to peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934–5

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (119) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
League Of Nations ◽  
The State ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Free State ◽  
International Labour Organisation ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The Status ◽  
Assistant Director ◽  
The Creation ◽  
International Peacekeeping

A list from September 1939 of files destroyed by the Department of External Affairs in the invasion scares of 1939–40 contains an intriguing reference to the possibility of dispatching Irish military forces to the Saarland on the Franco-German border in the winter of 1934–5. There they would serve as part of an international peacekeeping force while a plebiscite on the status of the territory was carried out under League of Nations auspices in January 1935. The context of this article is the events surrounding the creation of the peacekeeping force in December 1934.That the Irish Free State should be mentioned as a possible contributor to the international force for the Saar is an illustration of the emerging mediatory role the state was to adopt after its three-year term on the League Council concluded in September 1933. With an Irish diplomat, Sean Lester, seconded to League service as High Commissioner in Danzig from 1934, and with Irish-born Edward Phelan, Assistant Director of the International Labour Organisation, being mentioned as a possible contender for the League post of Deputy Secretary-General in 1933, and with Eamon de Valera rising in importance as an international statesman and League supporter, Ireland’s involvement in the Saar was both an illustration and a result of the state’s prominent position in the League in the early to mid-1930s.

Retroactivity in international treaty law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Osmirko ◽  
Ivanna Maryniv
Keyword(s):  
General Rule ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Main Body ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Retroactive Effect ◽  
The Status ◽  
Contractual Obligations

Problem setting. Due to the fact that the constitutional norms determine the status of an international treaty, the binding nature of which has been approved by the parliament as part of national legislation, it is important to study the temporal effect of international treaties, namely their retroactivity. In general, the Vienna Convention contains a provision according to which an international treaty has no retroactive effect in respect of the States which are parties to it, except where the intention to give retroactive effect to the treaty follows from the treaty itself or the agreements of its parties. These exceptions to the general rule indicate the non-absoluteness of the latter, so it is appropriate to study the factors that determine the existence of retroactive agreements, as well as controversial and controversial issues that arise in this regard. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Scholars such as S.N. Ivanov, RA Kalamkaryan, M.A. Kapustina, II Lukashuk, OV Pushnyak and others. However, this area needs further study and analysis, given the existence of exceptions to the general provision on the lack of retroactive effect of international agreements. Target of research. Тo consider the conditions under which an international treaty has retroactive effect, to investigate the factors influencing the decision to grant retroactive effect and the issues arising in connection with the retroactivity of international treaties. Article’s main body. This study examines the non-absoluteness of the provision on the absence of retroactive effect of international agreements. Among the reasons that encourage states to anticipate retroactive effect – the interpretive or additional nature of the international agreement or the need to resolve the situation that arose before its conclusion. It should be emphasized that some agreements have retroactive effect by virtue of their object, which provides this retroactive effect, as agreed by the parties, although not explicitly stated in the contract. It is also not uncommon for certain rights and obligations to arise not because of an international treaty that has not yet entered into force, but because of customary norms that are enshrined in it. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The principle of no retroactive effect of an international agreement is not absolute. In each case, the reasons for the application of retroactivity must be decided by a judicial authority in the process of interpreting the contractual obligations. An important role in the possibility of retroactive application of an international treaty is played by its object or the co-existing customary norms of international law and the principles recognized by civilized nations as binding.

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