Crouching TIGER, hidden structure: Exploring the nature of linguistic data using TIGER values

In recent years, techniques such as Bayesian inference of phylogeny have become a standard part of the quantitative linguistic toolkit. While these tools successfully model the tree-like component of a linguistic dataset, real-world datasets generally include a combination of tree-like and nontree-like signals. Alongside developing techniques for modeling nontree-like data, an important requirement for future quantitative work is to build a principled understanding of this structural complexity of linguistic datasets. Some techniques exist for exploring the general structure of a linguistic dataset, such as NeighborNets, δ scores, and Q-residuals; however, these methods are not without limitations or drawbacks. In general, the question of what kinds of historical structure a linguistic dataset can contain and how these might be detected or measured remains critically underexplored from an objective, quantitative perspective. In this article, we propose TIGER values, a metric that estimates the internal consistency of a genetic dataset, as an additional metric for assessing how tree-like a linguistic dataset is. We use TIGER values to explore simulated language data ranging from very tree-like to completely unstructured, and also use them to analyze a cognate-coded basic vocabulary dataset of Uralic languages. As a point of comparison for the TIGER values, we also explore the same data using δ scores, Q-residuals, and NeighborNets. Our results suggest that TIGER values are capable of both ranking tree-like datasets according to their degree of treelikeness, as well as distinguishing datasets with tree-like structure from datasets with a nontree-like structure. Consequently, we argue that TIGER values serve as a useful metric for measuring the historical heterogeneity of datasets. Our results also highlight the complexities in measuring treelikeness from linguistic data, and how the metrics approach this question from different perspectives.

Touching the Sound, Sounding the Touch. The Tactile Experience in the Music of Santiago Diez-Fischer as a Presentational Symbol

The music of Argentinian composer Santiago Diez-Fischer places particular emphasis on the sense of touch. The sonic textures and the notations the composer use illustrate this. In several pieces, his writing indicates surfaces to rub, caress, and press. The resulting sound is complex, often on the edge of noise. In this article, I argue that the notion of presentational symbol as proposed by Susanne Langer serves to clarify how such music is an expression of tactile experience. I show how this notion relates to all music in general, and precisely because music is such a symbol that it can be understood and interpreted in its meaning through listening. I make the assumption that all music is presentational; however, such generality must be overcome by a more important requirement. Once we know that music is a presentational symbol, what does it symbolize? I think music symbolizes different things every time and it is possible to understand this, as long as you listen and bring your own experience into play. Here, I have tried to do this by referring to the work of Santiago Diez-Fischer. I argue then that the emotion of touch is then communicated as a specific and unique musical form. In this sense, Diez-Fischer’s music is paradigmatic.

Catalyzing the quantum leap

Given the growing hype and investment in quantum technology, it is important to understand its current landscape and how best to catalyze progress in QIS towards the eventual goal of societally-relevant innovation in materials, pharmaceuticals, industrial processes, cybersecurity and myriad other areas. We give a brief overview of the policy landscape of the emerging QIS innovation system. The most important requirement for steady progress in QIS is a robust workforce. Here, we focus on one key slice of workforce development: the training of adaptable quantum scientists and engineers.

Multi Aspect Sentiment of Beauty Product Reviews using SVM and Semantic Similarity

Beauty products are an important requirement for people, especially women. But, not all beauty products give the expected results. A review in the form of opinion can help the consumers to know the overview of the product. The reviews were analyzed using a multi-aspect-based approach to determine the aspects of the beauty category based on the reviews written on femaledaily.com. First, the review goes through the preprocessing stage to make it easier to be processed, and then it used the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method with the addition of Semantic Similarity and TF-IDF weighting. From the test result using semantic, get an accuracy of 93% on the price aspect, 92% on the packaging aspect, and 86% on the scent aspect.

The Applicability of Functional Analysis in Fixed Prosthetics

Prost hetics is a field that requires a very good synergy between the dentist and the dental technician in order to create a prothetic treatment that is precise, functional and has also a good aesthetic. A good communication between the two parties is very important because, in most cases, dental technicians are located remotely and often do not see the patient. Functional analysis is an important requirement for diagnosing many different syndromes, which are usually associated with incorrect loading of the temporomandibular joint or dysfunctions. Fixed prosthesis focused on permanently attached (fixed) dentures. Such dental restorations, also called indirect restorations, include crowns, bridges (fixed prostheses), inlays, onlays and veneers. Fixed prosthesis can be used to restore one or more individual teeth, covering areas where the teeth have been lost. In general, the main advantages of fixed prosthetics compared to direct restorations are the superior strength when used in large restorations and the ability to build a tooth that has also a good aesthetic shape. As with any dental restoration, the principles used to determine Proper restoration involves taking into account the materials to be used, the extent of the tooth damage, the orientation and location of the teeth and the condition of the adjacent teeth.

On the Applicability of Machine Learning Fairness Notions

Machine Learning (ML) based predictive systems are increasingly used to support decisions with a critical impact on individuals' lives such as college admission, job hiring, child custody, criminal risk assessment, etc. As a result, fairness emerged as an important requirement to guarantee that ML predictive systems do not discriminate against specific individuals or entire sub-populations, in particular, minorities. Given the inherent subjectivity of viewing the concept of fairness, several notions of fairness have been introduced in the literature. This paper is a survey of fairness notions that, unlike other surveys in the literature, addresses the question of "which notion of fairness is most suited to a given real-world scenario and why?". Our attempt to answer this question consists in (1) identifying the set of fairness-related characteristics of the real-world scenario at hand, (2) analyzing the behavior of each fairness notion, and then (3) fitting these two elements to recommend the most suitable fairness notion in every specific setup. The results are summarized in a decision diagram that can be used by practitioners and policy makers to navigate the relatively large catalogue of ML fairness notions.

The evaluation of intercultural professional technology-based communicative competence formation for students

The purpose of the study is to determine the evaluation of the Intercultural Professional-Technology based communication Based Communicative Competence Formation of Students. Overall 22 respondents of the 2nd year at a State university took part in the research like focus groups. The results were taken by the interview in the Google forms. The results of the analyzes showed that the development of the intercultural professional-communicative competence of natural studies students is considered to be a very important requirement, and the formation of their professional communication skills can open up great opportunities for the future career of students. Students’ interview has also shown that from methodological aspect a case study technology-based communication is highly valued. Therefore, effective ways of using communicative-cognitive case technology-based communication in the classroom were analyzed and an algorithm for working with it was developed. Keywords: Intercultural Professional Communicative Competence, technology based communication, cognitive, intercultural.

Plasma Torch Working Gas Selection Rationale for the Production Technology of Ultrapure White Corundum

This paper presents the results of one of the stages in the development of a plasma technology for producing ultrapure white corundum. This technology involves the melting of alumina in a reactor under the influence of plasma. To create the plasma, a plasma-forming gas is needed; in other words, the plasma torch working gas. To implement this technology, the chosen working gas must meet certain requirements. More precisely: 1) the gas should not form explosive or toxic compounds either with the reactor materials or the material of the electrodes; 2) it should not accelerate their erosion. An important requirement that a plasma torch working gas must have is minimal interaction with surrounding substances, even at high temperatures. This will reduce the likelihood of contamination of the melt with materials of the reactor itself. We consider using hydrogen, nitrogen and argon. Taking into account the requirements for the working gas, we opt for the mixture of nitrogen and argon at a concentration of 25÷30% N2 – 70÷75% Ar. Keywords: plasma torch, corundum, plasma technology, ultrapure materials

Economic Disruption and Its Impact to Indonesia Companies

Business transformation is important to remain sustain in the era of economic disruption. Human resource, management, technological use are very important requirement to survive in the very competitive market. The Good Corporate Governance or GCG must be used to gain stakeholders' trust together implemented to make a significant transformation for a company especially to get through global economic challenges of change.