Parasite Abundance, Body Size, Life Histories, and the Energetic Equivalence Rule

1998 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arneberg ◽  
Skorping ◽  
Read
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Parasite Abundance

Parasite Abundance, Body Size, Life Histories, and the Energetic Equivalence Rule

1998 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Arneberg ◽  
Arne Skorping ◽  
Andrew F. Read
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Parasite Abundance

scholarly journals Body size and clonality consequences for sexual reproduction in a perennial herb of Brazilian rupestrian grasslands

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Demetrio ◽  
FF Coelho ◽  
MEA Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Stressful Environments ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial ◽  
Biology Research

Body size is one of the most important factors regarding herbaceous perennial plants life-histories, and several fitness components of these organisms are related to size. Clonal plants show distinct kinds of reproduction and can develop offspring by sexual or asexual ways. We aimed to understand how body size affects Comanthera nivea (Eriocaulaceae) sexual reproduction and to verify how clonal growth is related to flower head production in this species. We sampled 600 rosettes in rupestrian grasslands and performed linear regression analysis between body size and number of produced flower heads. We also compared the flower head production between isolated rosettes and rosettes within clones. Our results showed that body size was significantly related, but explained only a small part of flower head production. The flower head production was higher in rosettes within clones than in isolated ones. The clones presented a rosette or a small group of rosettes that concentrated the sexual reproduction. Clonality was positively associated with sexual reproduction. Clonality can represent an important way of allowing the persistence of plants by sexual reproduction in markedly seasonal stressful environments. The cases of clonality enhancing the sexual reproduction must be considered and put in focus on reproductive biology research.

scholarly journals Selection for small body size favours contrasting sex-specific life histories, boldness and feeding in medaka, Oryzias latipes

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Diaz Pauli ◽  
Sarah Garric ◽  
Charlotte Evangelista ◽  
L. Asbjørn Vøllestad ◽  
Eric Edeline
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Selection For

Carcass additions increase juvenile salmonid growth, condition, and size in an interior Columbia River Basin tributary

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kaylor ◽  
Seth M. White ◽  
Edwin R. Sedell ◽  
Dana R. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Juvenile Salmonids ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
The Relationship

Numbers of anadromous fish returning to freshwater ecosystems have declined precipitously across much of western North America, reducing a potentially important resource subsidy for juvenile salmonids. We added carcasses to three sections of a Snake River tributary and assessed juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytcha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth, body condition, size, and diet responses in summer and early fall. Juvenile salmonids consumed an abundance of eggs and carcass tissue, which increased energy rations. Within 3 weeks of carcass additions, juvenile Chinook and steelhead growth rates were 1.1–5 and 6–23 times greater in treatment reaches relative to control reaches, respectively. We used long-term tagging and detection data from this system to assess the relationship between juvenile Chinook size and emigration survival for two different juvenile life histories. The increased growth rates and body size in response to carcass additions, coupled with a positive relationship between body size and survival, suggest that juvenile salmonid rearing productivity and emigration survival may be limited by depressed returns of anadromous fishes in this system and potentially other tributaries of the Columbia Basin.

Post-embryonic growth of longidorid nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-889
Author(s):  
Brian Boag ◽  
Gregor Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Plant Parasitism ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Juvenile Stages

AbstractTo investigate changes in body size of Longidoridae during growth, we used published dimensions of stages to calculate volumes of the juvenile and adult stages of 33 species. A consistent increase in body volume between the juvenile stages was found with proportionally more growth occurring between the smaller stages. In species where three, rather than four, juvenile stages are present, the ultimate size of adults was correspondingly smaller. In the Heteroderidae, greatest growth occurs in later stages and this indicates different adaptations to plant parasitism. Analysis of further groups of free-living and parasitic nematodes is required to increase understanding of body growth and life histories, both within and between families.

Insect Life Histories in Relation to Migration, Body Size, and Host Plant Array: A Comparative Study of Dysdercus

10.2307/4039 ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice A. Derr ◽  
Beth Alden ◽  
Hugh Dingle
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Life Histories

scholarly journals Effects of body size and lifestyle on evolution of mammal life histories

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (45) ◽  
pp. 17707-17712 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Sibly ◽  
J. H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories

scholarly journals Foundress Number, But Not Queen Size or Boldness, Predicts Colony Life-History in Wild Paper Wasps

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M. Wright ◽  
David N. Fisher ◽  
Wayne V. Nerone ◽  
James L.L. Lichtenstein ◽  
Elizabeth A. Tibbetts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Paper Wasps ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Queen Size

AbstractColonies of social insects exhibit a spectacular variety of life histories. Here we documented the degree of variation in colony life-history traits, mostly related to productivity, in two species of wild paper wasps. We then tested for associations between colony life-history traits to look for trade-offs or positively associated syndromes, and examined whether individual differences in the behavioral tendencies of foundresses (Polistes metricus) or the number of cofoundresses (P. fuscatus) influenced colony life-history. The majority of our measures of colony life-history were positively related, indicating no obvious resource allocation trade-offs. Instead, the positive association of traits into a productivity syndrome appears to be driven by differences in queen or microhabitat quality. Syndrome structure differed only marginally between species. Queen boldness and body size were not associated with colony life-history inP. metricus. Colonies initiated by multipleP. fuscatusfoundresses were generally more productive, and this advantage was approximately proportional to the number of cofoundresses. These findings demonstrate that colony life-history traits can be associated together much like individual life-history traits, and the associations seen here convey that differences in overall productivity drive between-colony differences in life-history.

scholarly journals Density-dependent effects of mortality on the optimal body size of a habitat shift: Why smaller is better despite increased mortality risk?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Catalina Chaparro-Pedraza ◽  
André M. de Roos
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Nursery Habitat ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Habitat Shift ◽  
Size Selectivity ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Feeding Habitat ◽  
The Rich

AbstractMany animal species across different taxa change their habitat during their development. An ontogenetic habitat shift enables the development of early vulnerable-to-predation stages in a safe ‘nursery’ habitat with reduced predation mortality, while less vulnerable stages can exploit a more risky, rich feeding habitat. Therefore, the timing of the habitat shift is crucial for individual fitness. We investigate the effect that size-selectivity in mortality in the rich feeding habitat has on the optimal timing of the habitat shift using a population model and the adaptive dynamics approach. We show that the size-selective nature of mortality in this habitat affects density-dependent body growth rate in the nursery habitat and thus the optimal timing of the habitat shift. This is caused by the effect exerted by size-dependent mortality on the size distribution of the population that results in strong competition in the nursery habitat. We furthermore find that, as a consequence of this effect, increased size-selectivity in mortality in the rich feeding habitat causes the optimal body size to shift habitat to decrease. Our results reveal the interdependence between population structure and life history traits, and highlight the need for integrating ecological interactions in the study of the evolution of life histories.

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