Free Hot Water Day & Night Solar Water Heaters in California

1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Ken Butti ◽  
John Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

scholarly journals Assessment and Modeling of Household-Scale Solar Water Heater Application in Zambia: Technical, Environmental, and Energy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mehdi Jahangiri ◽  
Esther T. Akinlabi ◽  
Sam M. Sichilalu
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

Solar water heaters (SWHs) are one of the most effective plans for general and easy use of solar energy to supply hot water in domestic and industrial sectors. This paper gives the first-ever attempts to assess the optimal localization of SWHs across 22 major cities in Zambia, as well as determine the possibility of hot water generation and model the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission saving. The climate data used is extracted by using the MeteoSyn software which is modeled in TSOL™. Results show the high potential of GHG emission reduction due to nonconsumption of fossil fuels owing to the deployment of SWHs, and three cities Kabwe, Chipata, and Mbala had the highest GHG mitigation by 1552.97 kg/y, 1394.8 kg/y, and 1321.39 kg/y, respectively. On average, SWHs provide 62.47% of space heating and 96.05% of the sanitary hot water requirement of consumers. The findings have shown the potential for the deployment of SWHs in Zambia. The techno-enviro study in this paper can be used by the policymakers of Zambia and countries with similar climates.

scholarly journals Optimum Values of Tank Volume to Collector Area Ratios of Thermosyphon Solar Water Heaters for Libyan Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. R Abdunnabi
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Active System ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Solar Water Heaters ◽  
Auxiliary Heater

Thermosyphon solar water heaters are the best choice to be utilized in residential sector to provide the required hot water in Libya. These systems are autonomy in operation and as a result require less maintenance and hence low operation and initial costs than active system. ln this paper, GenOpt optimization technique provided in TRNSYS simulation program is used for sizing Thermosyphon systems to obtain the optimum size (namely V/A ratio) of Thermosyphon system that suits Libyan families according to the weather and operating conditions of Tripoli. The typical hot water load pattern and quantity of the Libyan families are taken from a field study conducted on a number of solar system for a whole year. Whereas, the typical weather data are taken from five year measurements recorded at CSERS weather station. The results showed that the optimum storage tank volume to collector area ratio of Thermosyphon systems is between 49-60 Lit/m2 for the most common collector characteristics ratio (equation!!) and the auxiliary heater set point temperature ranges from (45-60C). 

Comparison of Experimental and Simulated Thermal Ratings of Drain-Back Solar Water Heaters

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Davidson ◽  
W. T. Carlson ◽  
W. S. Duff ◽  
P. J. Schaefer ◽  
W. A. Beckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Tank Design ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

Short-term experimental tests of drain-back solar water heaters are compared to ratings obtained using TRNSYS to determine if computer simulations can effectively replace laboratory thermal ratings of solar domestic hot water heating systems. The effectiveness of TRNSYS in predicting changes in rating due to limited changes in collector area, collector flow rate, recirculation flow rate, storage tank volume, and storage tank design is validated to within ±10 percent. Storage tank design is varied by using a stratification manifold in place of the standard drop tube. Variations in other component sizes and operating factors are based on current industry standards.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency for Social Buildings in Morocco, Comparative (2E) Study: Active VS. Passive Solutions Via TRNsys

Inventions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Gargab ◽  
Amine Allouhi ◽  
Tarik Kousksou ◽  
Haytham El-Houari ◽  
Abdelmajid Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

This paper aims to highlight the potential of solar water heater installations in Morocco. The project involves the comparison of active and passive solutions for energy efficiency in buildings. To this end, a numerical simulation model of solar water heater installations is created under TRNsys. Three hot water demand scenarios (Low, Standard, and High) were taken into account for the six climatic zones defined in the Moroccan thermal regulation of constructions. The same software (TRNsys) is used to model a pilot building consisting of 16 flats. Energy efficiency actions have been applied to the building envelope (insulation and glazing) and simulations are made for the six areas. The simulation results comparing energy and financial savings show the influence of subsidized gas prices on solar water heaters’ relevance despite significant energy savings. This work proves that solar water heaters will be a primary obligation for Morocco, taking into account changes in butane gas prices.

scholarly journals Review on solar water heating in Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdunnabi ◽  
Ibrahim Rohuma ◽  
Essam Endya ◽  
Esmaeel Belal
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Solar Water Heaters ◽  
Annual Amount

This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the history and the best practices of solar water heaters in Libya. Although, Libya is blessed with high solar potential, there is no wide-spread implementation of this technology due to many reasons such as: the cheap price of both electricity and electric water heaters, lack of clear and systematic policy, and lack of environmental awareness. The Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS) has given attention to this technology since its establishment in 1978, and the solar water heating system field test project is one of the research projects in the Center. The paper has shown that there was no attention paid to this technology and even to renewable energy in general in the previous years. However, preliminary information clearly shows the importance of continuing research in this field. Numerous valuable information on solar water heating systems from literature were dedicated and made available for researchers and decision makers. The studies conducted in this field for Libya are arranged in this review on the bases of the topic studied: performance evaluation, optimization, on-site measurements and policies and strategies. One of the most important results retrieved from these studies show that the daily quantity of hot water withdrawn per capita at 45 °C is estimated around 60 liters. The estimated annual amount of energy consumed for water heating per person is 510 kWh. For average Libyan family of six persons, the annual amount of energy consumed per dwelling is estimated about 3060 kWh. The review also presented the history of solar water heaters implementation, manufacturing and testing facilities for quality control in Libya. The study calls upon the Libyan decision makers to take their responsibility and put an urgent action plan to help the wide-spread implementation of solar water heaters in the residential, services and industrial sectors. Such a plan will surely alleviate the ever increasing demand for electricity, save fossil fuel reserves and mitigate GHG emissions.

scholarly journals Thermal and Environmental Analysis Solar Water Heater System for Residential Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Reza Alayi ◽  
Nima Khalilpoor ◽  
Saeid Heshmati ◽  
Atabak Najafi ◽  
Alibek Issakhov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

Due to the reduction of fossil resources, the replacement of renewable energy sources such as solar energy has become mandatory. Solar energy does not contain pollution and widely available in all parts of the world, especially in warm regions. Our country (IRAN) is geographically located in a hot and dry region, and with more than 280 sunny days per year, one of the nonpower applications of solar energy is heating space and water consumption of the building using solar thermal energy. Solar water heaters can be used to heat the water used in buildings, which is the main purpose of this study. Water heating consumes an average of 20% to 30% of the total energy consumption in the residential building. Therefore, using solar water heaters annually can provide 70% of the energy needed for water heating. The system designed in this research is able to provide 75% of the hot water consumption needs. If an auxiliary heat source is used next to this system, all hot water needs of the building can be met throughout the year. In this case, as much as 237.3 kWh, energy will be saved from fossil energy sources.

scholarly journals Decoupling the Monitoring of Solar Water Heaters and their Usage Profiles

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3186
Author(s):  
Julian C. Nwodo ◽  
Ochuko K. Overen ◽  
Edson L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
Solar Water Heaters ◽  
Evacuated Tube

South Africa is the most technologically advanced nation in Africa. However, the country is plagued with constant load shedding. The country receives about 2500 sunshine hours annually, with daily average irradiation levels of 4.5–6.5 kWh/m2. Despite these potentials, the use of electricity for domestic water heating is still prevalent in the country. The mass rollout of solar water heating (SWH) technologies in the low-cost housing sector across the country were met with massive failures. This study aims to assess the energy yield of a passive flat plate and an evacuated tube solar water heating system by evaluating the performance of these systems to address the energy crisis in South Africa. The flat plate (FP) and evacuated tube (ET) solar water heating systems were monitored for four days, characterised by varying sky conditions through instantaneous data measurement at 5 s. The parameters measured were water temperature, ambient temperature, irradiance at the plane of array, relative humidity, wind speed and direction. The results obtained show that a maximum irradiance of 1050 W/m2 was obtained on a clear day and corresponded to a hot water temperature of about 58 °C and 65 °C for the FP and ET, respectively. However, a cloudy day with a maximum irradiance of 400 W/m2 produced about 22 °C and 29 °C of hot water for the FP and ET, respectively. The results obtained in this study will guide stakeholders in the renewable energy sector towards employing SWH systems to replace or augment the electric geyser. Solar water heaters (SWH) can be used in the low-cost housing sector to provide hot water. Hence, the assessments in this study offer essential information for the deployment of these systems to reduce demand on the ailing South African electricity utility, Eskom, and mitigate climate change.

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