scholarly journals Assessment and Modeling of Household-Scale Solar Water Heater Application in Zambia: Technical, Environmental, and Energy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mehdi Jahangiri ◽  
Esther T. Akinlabi ◽  
Sam M. Sichilalu
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

Solar water heaters (SWHs) are one of the most effective plans for general and easy use of solar energy to supply hot water in domestic and industrial sectors. This paper gives the first-ever attempts to assess the optimal localization of SWHs across 22 major cities in Zambia, as well as determine the possibility of hot water generation and model the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission saving. The climate data used is extracted by using the MeteoSyn software which is modeled in TSOL™. Results show the high potential of GHG emission reduction due to nonconsumption of fossil fuels owing to the deployment of SWHs, and three cities Kabwe, Chipata, and Mbala had the highest GHG mitigation by 1552.97 kg/y, 1394.8 kg/y, and 1321.39 kg/y, respectively. On average, SWHs provide 62.47% of space heating and 96.05% of the sanitary hot water requirement of consumers. The findings have shown the potential for the deployment of SWHs in Zambia. The techno-enviro study in this paper can be used by the policymakers of Zambia and countries with similar climates.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency for Social Buildings in Morocco, Comparative (2E) Study: Active VS. Passive Solutions Via TRNsys

Inventions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Gargab ◽  
Amine Allouhi ◽  
Tarik Kousksou ◽  
Haytham El-Houari ◽  
Abdelmajid Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

This paper aims to highlight the potential of solar water heater installations in Morocco. The project involves the comparison of active and passive solutions for energy efficiency in buildings. To this end, a numerical simulation model of solar water heater installations is created under TRNsys. Three hot water demand scenarios (Low, Standard, and High) were taken into account for the six climatic zones defined in the Moroccan thermal regulation of constructions. The same software (TRNsys) is used to model a pilot building consisting of 16 flats. Energy efficiency actions have been applied to the building envelope (insulation and glazing) and simulations are made for the six areas. The simulation results comparing energy and financial savings show the influence of subsidized gas prices on solar water heaters’ relevance despite significant energy savings. This work proves that solar water heaters will be a primary obligation for Morocco, taking into account changes in butane gas prices.

scholarly journals Review on solar water heating in Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdunnabi ◽  
Ibrahim Rohuma ◽  
Essam Endya ◽  
Esmaeel Belal
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Solar Water Heaters ◽  
Annual Amount

This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the history and the best practices of solar water heaters in Libya. Although, Libya is blessed with high solar potential, there is no wide-spread implementation of this technology due to many reasons such as: the cheap price of both electricity and electric water heaters, lack of clear and systematic policy, and lack of environmental awareness. The Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS) has given attention to this technology since its establishment in 1978, and the solar water heating system field test project is one of the research projects in the Center. The paper has shown that there was no attention paid to this technology and even to renewable energy in general in the previous years. However, preliminary information clearly shows the importance of continuing research in this field. Numerous valuable information on solar water heating systems from literature were dedicated and made available for researchers and decision makers. The studies conducted in this field for Libya are arranged in this review on the bases of the topic studied: performance evaluation, optimization, on-site measurements and policies and strategies. One of the most important results retrieved from these studies show that the daily quantity of hot water withdrawn per capita at 45 °C is estimated around 60 liters. The estimated annual amount of energy consumed for water heating per person is 510 kWh. For average Libyan family of six persons, the annual amount of energy consumed per dwelling is estimated about 3060 kWh. The review also presented the history of solar water heaters implementation, manufacturing and testing facilities for quality control in Libya. The study calls upon the Libyan decision makers to take their responsibility and put an urgent action plan to help the wide-spread implementation of solar water heaters in the residential, services and industrial sectors. Such a plan will surely alleviate the ever increasing demand for electricity, save fossil fuel reserves and mitigate GHG emissions.

Comparative Study of the Thermal Performance of Two Thermosiphon Solar Water Heaters System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
Blaise Kamenan Koua ◽  
Paul Magloire Ekoun Koffi ◽  
Prosper Gbaha
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

 The aim of this study is to present the comparative results of experimental investigations of the thermal performance of two thermosiphon solar water heaters system (SWHS). The first uses the coconut fiber (CF), a local vegetable and the second, the glass wool (GW), an imported and expensive material, as thermal insulations. The maximum instantaneous efficiencies are, respectively, 65.30 % and 58.7% with glass wool and coconut fiber while the mass flow rate values are, respectively, 0.0098 kg/s and 0.0078 kg/s with glass wool and coconut fiber. In addition, the calculated average values of F’(τα) and F’UL are, respectively, 0.79 and 5.86 Wm-2°C for the coconut fiber collector and 0.8 and 5.26 Wm-2°C for the glass wool collector. The average heat exchanger effectiveness obtained for the two SWHS are superior to 50%. As an environment-friendly and renewable material, coconut fiber is particularly suitable for thermal insulation in order to save energy. The experimental results show the ability of the constructed solar water heater in providing hot water suitable for maternity, hotels, households and encourage its implementation and utilization on a broad scale. The SWHS can be used in any weather conditions. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

scholarly journals Development of a Design Tool for Sizing and Optimizing Thermosyphon Solar Water Heater Systems: A Case Study for Tripoli-Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J.R Abdunnabi ◽  
D.L D.L. Loveday ◽  
J.A Wright
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

Thermosyphon solar water heaters can be considered the most popular solar technology for supplying households with the needed hot water for domestic purposes. However, sizing these systems is mainly based on experience and trial methods, these methods were established more on intuition instead of scientific approaches. This paper is aimed at studying the sizing of thermosyphon systems through the development of a dedicated generic design tool. The tool can be utilized by manufacturers and engineers to arrive at optimized systems designed according to the operating and weather conditions of certain geographical locations. The design tool is implemented in this study to find the optimum system design that fits households in Libya (as a case study in this work) and accounts for the weather conditions of Tripoli and a simple, but representative, hot water load pattern. Two different sizes of thermosyphon systems covers hot water load of 180 lit and 240 lit, and two different configurations with vertical and horizontal tanks are studied and the best fit designs are obtained. The design tool has shown a great potential, and with further development and validation would be capable of widespread commercial application.

Thermal Properties Study of a Solar Water Heater Tank with a Mantle Exchanger

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Chikhi ◽  
Rabah Sellami ◽  
Nachida Kasbadji Merzouk
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

The development and use of renewable energy sources and technologies are becoming vital for the management of energy supply and demand. For development solar water heaters, the incentive programs are supported by the Algerian government to generalize the using of this kind of energy especially in Sahara. This study is a part of program to develop a new solar water heater in UDES (Algeria). In this research work, the thermal performance of a solar water heater with a mantle heat exchanger is investigated numerically using Comsol Multyphysics software. The objective is to investigate the influence of the mantle heat exchanger thickness on the performance of solar water heaters. The results show, for 160 liters capacity of the solar water heaters tank, the 13mm of the heat exchanger thickness leads to improve the efficiency of the solar water heater.

scholarly journals Thermal efficiency and cost analysis of solar water heater made in Rwanda

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1147-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esdras Nshimyumuremyi ◽  
Wang Junqi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters ◽  
Made In

Solar water heating is a technology of capturing the energy from the sun's radiation for the purpose of raising the temperature of water from water supply temperature to the desired higher temperature depending on the use. There are many views and discussions on the questions of thermal efficiency of solar water heaters and their associated cost, especially different customers/users want to replace their existing conventional water heating energy by solar water heating systems. In this present paper, a deep investigation has been accomplished to determine thermal efficiency and cost analysis of solar water heater made in Rwanda. During manufacturing of solar water heater, the collector was the main part to emphasize on. The high efficiency of the system was achieved by replacing galvanized iron sheet by aluminum sheet slotted and black painted as an absorber plate. The ambient temperature and average solar radiation of the three sites where solar water heaters are installed were investigated. The used materials, specifications and sizing were discussed in this paper.

Characteristic Heat Removal Efficiency for Thermosyphon Solar Water Heaters During the System Application Phase

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 950-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
System Application ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Heat Removal Efficiency ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

The overall performance rating of a thermosyphon solar water heater should take into consideration its heat removal efficiency during the system application phase. This study employs a precise on-line operation to first identify physical heat removal patterns of a thermosyphon solar water heater, and then develops an empirical model for deriving its characteristic heat removal efficiency. This empirical model is in the form of a logarithmic curve, and has a high data correlation coefficient of 0.889 to 0.967. Based upon the empirical model, this study defines a characteristic heat removal efficiency parameter for thermosyphon solar water heaters. Finally, this study establishes a storage tank design method which enables the characteristic heat removal efficiency of the complete system to be optimized.

Solar Water Heaters: A Review of Systems Research and Design Innovation

Green ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Norton
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
And Performance

AbstractSolar water heating can be considered to be an established mature technology. The achievement of this status is the outcome of over a century of system development that culminated with a flourish of innovation in the last thirty years. Drivers for research and development have been achieving economic viability by devising systems that, for specific applications in particular climate contexts produced more hot water per unit cost. Reductions in both initial capital and installation costs have been achieved as well as in those associated with subsequent operation and maintenance. Research on solar water heating is discussed with the emphasis on overall systems though some key aspects of component development are also outlined. A comprehensive taxonomy is presented of the generic types of solar water heater that have emerged and their features, characteristics and performance are discussed.

Free Hot Water Day & Night Solar Water Heaters in California

1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Ken Butti ◽  
John Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

scholarly journals Optimum Values of Tank Volume to Collector Area Ratios of Thermosyphon Solar Water Heaters for Libyan Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. R Abdunnabi
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Active System ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Solar Water Heaters ◽  
Auxiliary Heater

Thermosyphon solar water heaters are the best choice to be utilized in residential sector to provide the required hot water in Libya. These systems are autonomy in operation and as a result require less maintenance and hence low operation and initial costs than active system. ln this paper, GenOpt optimization technique provided in TRNSYS simulation program is used for sizing Thermosyphon systems to obtain the optimum size (namely V/A ratio) of Thermosyphon system that suits Libyan families according to the weather and operating conditions of Tripoli. The typical hot water load pattern and quantity of the Libyan families are taken from a field study conducted on a number of solar system for a whole year. Whereas, the typical weather data are taken from five year measurements recorded at CSERS weather station. The results showed that the optimum storage tank volume to collector area ratio of Thermosyphon systems is between 49-60 Lit/m2 for the most common collector characteristics ratio (equation!!) and the auxiliary heater set point temperature ranges from (45-60C). 

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