245. Note: Statistical Tests of Hypotheses Concerning the Degree of Dominance in Monofactorial Inheritance

Biometrics ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Tests Of Hypotheses

Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions and the Competitive Positioning of European National Industries

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-390
Author(s):  
Massimo G. Colombo ◽  
Sergio Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Target Firms ◽  
Eclectic Paradigm ◽  
International Oligopoly ◽  
Tests Of Hypotheses

This paper relies on the eclectic paradigm of foreign direct investments and Porter's theory on the competitive advantages of nations to study the localisation of target firms of international M&As by European enterprises. Firms' propensities towards extra- and infra-European acquisitions are correlated with the competitive position of European national industries in the international arena. Strategic groups of national industries are created through a cluster analysis based on the Fortune lists of the 500 world largest enterprises. Logit econometric estimates and statistical tests of hypotheses suggest that the share of extra-European acquisitions is greater in a) sectors where European large firms have achieved leadership of the world oligopoly, and b) sectors where the competitive position of Europe is rather weak though stable. Instead, firms belonging to national industries which have been rapidly increasing their share of the international oligopoly during the ′80s concentrate their M&As within Europe. The same holds true for declining weak competitors.

Melanoma Image Classification Based on Multivariate Parametric Statistical Tests of Hypothesis

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
K. Seetharaman
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Tests Of Hypotheses

This chapter proposes a novel method, based on the multivariate parametric statistical tests of hypotheses, which classifies the normal skin lesion images and the various stages of the melanoma images. The melanoma images are categorized into two classes, such as initial stage and advanced stage, based on the degree of aggressiveness of the cancer. The region of interest is identified and segmented from the input skin melanoma image. The features, such as HSV color, shape, and texture, are extracted from the region of interest. The features are treated as a feature space, which is assumed to be a multivariate normal random field. The proposed statistical tests are employed to identify and classify the melanoma images. The proposed method yields an average correct classification up to 91.55% for the normal skin lesion versus the initial and the advanced stages of the melanoma images, up to 91.39% for initial stage melanoma versus the normal skin lesion and the advanced stages melanoma, and up to 92.27% for the advanced stage melanoma versus the normal skin lesion and the initial stage melanoma. The proposed method yields better results.

scholarly journals Microbial Biodiversity: Approaches to Experimental Design and Hypothesis Testing in Primary Scientific Literature from 1975 to 1999

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy E. Morris ◽  
Marc Bardin ◽  
Odile Berge ◽  
Pascale Frey-Klett ◽  
Nathalie Fromin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Microbial Biodiversity ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tests Of Hypotheses

SUMMARY Research interest in microbial biodiversity over the past 25 years has increased markedly as microbiologists have become interested in the significance of biodiversity for ecological processes and as the industrial, medical, and agricultural applications of this diversity have evolved. One major challenge for studies of microbial habitats is how to account for the diversity of extremely large and heterogeneous populations with samples that represent only a very small fraction of these populations. This review presents an analysis of the way in which the field of microbial biodiversity has exploited sampling, experimental design, and the process of hypothesis testing to meet this challenge. This review is based on a systematic analysis of 753 publications randomly sampled from the primary scientific literature from 1975 to 1999 concerning the microbial biodiversity of eight habitats related to water, soil, plants, and food. These publications illustrate a dominant and growing interest in questions concerning the effect of specific environmental factors on microbial biodiversity, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of this biodiversity, and quantitative measures of population structure for most of the habitats covered here. Nevertheless, our analysis reveals that descriptions of sampling strategies or other information concerning the representativeness of the sample are often missing from publications, that there is very limited use of statistical tests of hypotheses, and that only a very few publications report the results of multiple independent tests of hypotheses. Examples are cited of different approaches and constraints to experimental design and hypothesis testing in studies of microbial biodiversity. To prompt a more rigorous approach to unambiguous evaluation of the impact of microbial biodiversity on ecological processes, we present guidelines for reporting information about experimental design, sampling strategies, and analyses of results in publications concerning microbial biodiversity.

A Poisson Method of Controlling the Maximum Tolerable Number of Type I Errors

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Type I Error ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Poisson Approximation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Errors ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Tests Of Hypotheses

The problem of controlling the risk of occurrence of at least one Type I Error in a family of n statistical tests has been discussed extensively in psychological literature. However, the more general problem of controlling the probability of occurrence of more than some maximum (not necessarily zero) tolerable number ( xm) of Type I Errors in such a family appears to have received little attention. The present paper presents a simple Poisson approximation to the significance level P( EI) which should be used per test, to achieve this goal, in a family of n independent tests. The cases of equal and unequal significance levels for the n tests are discussed. Relative merits and limitations of the Poisson and Bonferroni methods of controlling the number of Type I Errors are examined, and application of the Poisson method to tests of orthogonal contrasts in analysis of variance, multiple tests of hypotheses in single studies, and multiple tests of hypotheses in literature reviews, are discussed.

Rational Deterrence Theory and Comparative Case Studies

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Achen ◽  
Duncan Snidal
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Deterrence Theory ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Generalizations ◽  
Tests Of Hypotheses

Several recent books have argued that comparative case studies of crises demonstrate the failure of rational-deterrence theory; they have offered certain empirical generalizations as substitutes. This paper shows that such contentions are unwarranted. First, the empirical generalizations are impressive as historical insights, but they do not meet the standards for theory set out by the most sophisticated case-study analysts themselves. Second, the “tests” of rational deterrence used in the case studies violate standard principles of inference, and the ensuing procedures are so biased as to be useless. Rational deterrence, then, is a more successful theory than portrayed in this literature, and it remains the only intellectually powerful alternative available.Case studies are essential to theory building: more efficiently than any other methods, they find suitable variables, suggest middle-range generalizations for theory to explain, and provide the prior knowledge that statistical tests require. Their loose constraints on admissible propositions and suitable evidence are appropriate and even necessary for these tasks. These same characteristics, however, inevitably undermine all attempts to construe case-study generalizations as bodies of theory or tests of hypotheses.

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