Does moral commitment predict resistance to corruption? experimental evidence from a bribery game

Corruption is ubiquitous in practice and has severe negative consequences for organizations and societies at large. Drawing on a laboratory experiment, we propose that individuals high in moral commitment are less likely to engage in corrupt behaviors and prefer foregoing financial benefits. Specifically, we posit that individuals refrain from corruption (i) the more they endorse integrity (incorruptibility) as a protected value and (ii) the higher their level of Honesty-Humility. The results of a two-step experiment largely support our expectations: people who treat compromises to integrity as unacceptable were less willing to accept bribes, and Honesty-Humility decreased bribe-giving. The findings are robust to demographic variables (e.g., age, gender, cultural background) and additional personal characteristics (e.g., risk tolerance, dispositional greed) and have important implications for ongoing theory-building efforts and business practice.

Bridging the Knowledge Gap in Collaborative Research—in Dialogues We Trust

By building upon the prior work exploring the nature of practicing and knowing in collaborative research (CR), this article argues that focusing on how trust evolves in collaborative dialogue could enhance the learning potential in CR projects. Drawing from 42 workshops within a CR project, we analyze how dialogue and learning practices develop trust. We use the dialogical framework developed by Walton and Krabbe (1995) to identify and classify 107 dialogues. From our data, we identify three distinct dialogical patterns (educating, inquiring and practicing). These three dialogical patterns are related to four learning practices that are conceptualized as knowledge sharing, knowledge gapping, knowledge bettering and knowledge speculating. Combined, these dialogical patterns and learning practices develop collaborative trust in CR projects. We propose that these results represent an emerging conceptual language that addresses the development of trust in managing CR projects. This conceptual language can both improve managerial practice in the CR context and inspire future theory building.

Impaired knowledge in individuals with heart failure: a middle range nursing theory

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop a middle range nursing theory of impaired knowledge in individuals with heart failure. Methods: Descriptive study of the cross type developed through the theoretical-causal validity method, which used six steps for theory building: Definition of the construction approach; Definition of theoretical-conceptual models; Definition of main concepts; Development of a pictorial scheme; Construction of propositions; and Establishment of causal relations and evidence for practice. Results: Twenty-four articles were found, which identified two attributes, eight antecedents, and seven consequences, which gave rise to the pictogram, which schematized the concepts by relating them to cardiac physiology. Finally, 11 propositions and four causal relationships were created. Conclusion: The constructed theory enables a targeted driving of nurses’ clinical judgment regarding impaired knowledge in individuals with heart failure, culminating in individualized interventions to improve quality of life.

Building Theories-in-Practice on Social Innovation in Disability Nonprofit Organizations

This chapter discusses the key theoretical and empirical steps undertaken throughout the authors' previous-but-related mixed methods studies on social innovation in nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in the Australian disability sector with the aim of using the key findings of these studies to develop ‘theories-in-practice' in disability NPOs. In this chapter, the authors summarize the associated theory-building processes deployed to explain how disability NPOs develop and implement social innovations and the societal ‘system-level' impacts of such innovations. These theory-building processes involve two broad phases, and the culmination of these phases (grounded in the abductive logics of inquiry, complexity theorizing, and set-theoretic methods) leads to the development of several ‘theories-to-practice' that not only convey the interactivity of contextual causal mechanisms leading to social innovation by NPOs, but also outline change-oriented solutions for managers who are working to address complex social challenges.

Purifying applied mathematics and applying pure mathematics: how a late Wittgensteinian perspective sheds light onto the dichotomy

In this work we argue that there is no strong demarcation between pure and applied mathematics. We show this first by stressing non-deductive components within pure mathematics, like axiomatization and theory-building in general. We also stress the “purer” components of applied mathematics, like the theory of the models that are concerned with practical purposes. We further show that some mathematical theories can be viewed through either a pure or applied lens. These different lenses are tied to different communities, which endorse different evaluative standards for theories. We evaluate the distinction between pure and applied mathematics from a late Wittgensteinian perspective. We note that the classical exegesis of the later Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics, due to Maddy, leads to a clear-cut but misguided demarcation. We then turn our attention to a more niche interpretation of Wittgenstein by Dawson, which captures aspects of the aforementioned distinction more accurately. Building on this newer, maverick interpretation of the later Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics, and endorsing an extended notion of meaning as use which includes social, mundane uses, we elaborate a fuzzy, but more realistic, demarcation. This demarcation, relying on family resemblance, is based on how direct and intended technical applications are, the kind of evaluative standards featured, and the range of rhetorical purposes at stake.

A METODOLOGIA INVESTIGATIVA POLICIAL CONTEMPORÂNEA EM DISCUSSÃO

Diante do universo de informações e do desafio em determinar quais são relevantes, é necessário refletir sobre a atuação policial na atualidade, principalmente na investigação de crimes complexos. Portanto, o objetivo do artigo é discutir a metodologia da investigação policial, alicerçada em fontes de conhecimento de Inteligência Policial (Análise de Vínculo) e da Análise Criminal (especialmente a Tática). Adotou-se uma abordagem indutiva, por meio da revisão crítica da literatura e da metodologia Theory Building from cases. Para tanto, analisou-se um complexo caso de crime contra a ordem tributária investigado pela Polícia Civil goiana, destacando a metodologia da Análise Criminal adotada e o papel do analista para a prestação de um serviço público de qualidade. Concluiu-se que a procedimentalização da atividade do analista criminal contribuiria diretamente para a maior eficiência do trabalho investigativo policial.

Theory Model for the Integration

<p>This article develops a theory integrating psychological safety and psychological availability within the context of human resource development (HRD) objectives. While research on psychological safety, a willingness to take an interpersonal risk, has blossomed over the past two decades, no theoretical modeling has been offered with links to psychological availability as originally proposed by Kahn (1990). Through the employment of Dubin's (1969) theory-building method, this article develops the integration of psychological safety and psychological availability with a systems framework. A literature review is conducted to define and assess the proposed operational units within the theoretical model focused on inputs, mediating processes, outputs, and feedback input. Implicit voice is proposed as a feedback input that attempts to assess the role of an individual’s prior experiences in the system process. Dubin's (1969) remaining steps for theory construction are completed, up to the point of empirical research. Finally, implications of research, theory, and practice within the field of HRD are examined.</p>

Theory Model for the Integration

<p>This article develops a theory integrating psychological safety and psychological availability within the context of human resource development (HRD) objectives. While research on psychological safety, a willingness to take an interpersonal risk, has blossomed over the past two decades, no theoretical modeling has been offered with links to psychological availability as originally proposed by Kahn (1990). Through the employment of Dubin's (1969) theory-building method, this article develops the integration of psychological safety and psychological availability with a systems framework. A literature review is conducted to define and assess the proposed operational units within the theoretical model focused on inputs, mediating processes, outputs, and feedback input. Implicit voice is proposed as a feedback input that attempts to assess the role of an individual’s prior experiences in the system process. Dubin's (1969) remaining steps for theory construction are completed, up to the point of empirical research. Finally, implications of research, theory, and practice within the field of HRD are examined.</p>