Notes on the Archaic of the Appalachian Region

1959 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Witthoft
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Appalachian Region ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Pee Dee ◽  
Pee Dee River

AbstractThe long stratigraphic sequence of separate archaeological horizons at the mouth of the gorge of the Pee Dee River in North Carolina necessitates changing earlier reconstructions of Piedmont archaeology. The stratigraphically documented series of projectile points from this site makes it possible to separate in time the varied forms of points originally assigned to the Baden and Guilford foci. Moreover, this evidence contradicts the typological arrangements of points in terms of logical evolutionary development and suggests that Archaic sequences in other parts of the Appalachian region may have to be radically changed when stratigraphic data become available. Stratigraphy at the Duncan's Island site in Pennsylvania, though less precise than that at the Pee Dee site, indicates that the local typological reconstructions for parts of Pennsylvania are in need of revision. Basal levels at Duncan's Island produce quartzite tools of types scattered throughout central Pennsylvania and often considered to represent an extremely early Archaic industry. The concentration of quartzite tools at the DeTurk site, though not dated stratigraphically, provides typological justification for the idea that the quartzite industry may be a survival of an earlier forest-based proto-Archaic tradition.

History of Fish Investigations in the Yadkin–Pee Dee River Drainage of North Carolina and Virginia with an Analysis of Nonindigenous Species and Invasion Dynamics of Three Species of Suckers (Catostomidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryn H. Tracy ◽  
Robert E. Jenkins ◽  
Wayne C. Starnes
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Nonindigenous Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Pee Dee ◽  
North Fork ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nonnative Fish ◽  
Pee Dee River ◽  
River Drainages

Abstract North Carolina's river drainages continue to lose their faunal distinctiveness as nonnative fish species establish themselves and expand their distributions, resulting in biotic homogenization. One such example is the Pee Dee drainage on the Atlantic Slope. It is the most speciose drainage in North Carolina, inhabited by 113 species of which 34 are nonindigenous, many introduced from adjacent drainages. The history of fish investigations in the Pee Dee in North Carolina and Virginia is detailed herein. The fauna was first sampled by Cope in 1869 at two conjoined sites—Yadkin River and Gobble Creek, a small tributary at the Yadkin River site (Cope 1870). Cope described numerous new taxa from the drainage, and many subsequent researchers provided data that show additions of nonnative faunal elements. As a case study, indications are that Hypentelium roanokense, Roanoke Hog Sucker, Hypentelium nigricans, Northern Hog Sucker, and Moxostoma rupiscartes, Striped Jumprock, were cryptically introduced after the late 1950s. The Roanoke Hog Sucker, introduced as recently as the 2000s, is found only in three tributaries of the Ararat subsystem in North Carolina and Virginia. The Northern Hog Sucker has expanded its range very little, confined primarily to the North Fork Reddies and Ararat subsystems and a short segment of the mainstem Yadkin River in North Carolina. The Striped Jumprock is now in much of the upper Yadkin system, but not in Virginia, and at several sites in the South Yadkin subsystem. Natural dispersal of all three species is limited by dams and impoundments, but the dispersal by Striped Jumprock has probably been aided by multiple bait bucket introductions. Consequences of nonindigenous species introductions in the drainage are well known for some species but unknown for the Roanoke Hog Sucker, Northern Hog Sucker, and Striped Jumprock.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Geometry Curves in the Pee Dee Watershed

2015 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Smoot Z.T. ◽  
A.D. Jayakaran ◽  
D.M. Park ◽  
D.R. Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Hydraulic Geometry ◽  
Bankfull Discharge ◽  
Pee Dee ◽  
Water Conveyance ◽  
Pee Dee River ◽  
Stream Instability

Hydraulic bankfull geometry or regional curves are a useful metric for evaluating stream stability and planning stream restoration projects. Streams and tributaries within the Middle Pee Dee River Basin (MPDRB) in South Carolina drain an agrarian and forested landscape characterized by water conveyance structures, such as active and historical ditches which support forestry and agriculture. While streams in the region are generally stable, pockets of this landscape are beginning to face increasing pressure from development with signs of stream instability apparent in several locations as evidenced by streams in and around the urbanizing areas around Darlington and Florence, SC. In order to provide a foundation for potential stream restoration projects in the area, 15 sites in the MPDRB were selected on the basis of catchment area, in categories of small (km2), small-medium (50-500 km2), medium (500-1000 km2), and large (>1000 km2). Bankfull geometries, channel substrate, flow and water temperature were measured at all the sites and a set of regional hydraulic geometry curves developed. The frequency of bankfull flows that occurred over the period of sampling were also estimated to document floodplain connectivity. Results suggest that bankfull dimensions in the MPDRB were well correlated with bankfull discharge and drainage area. The results showed that hydraulic geometry in the region were similar to those measured in a similar physiographic region in North Carolina. The study also shows that streams in the MPDRB experience bankfull exceeding flows much more frequently than streams in other parts of the country, but at a frequency that is comparable to streams in the coastal plains of North Carolina.

scholarly journals Streamflow estimation at partially gaged sites using multiple dependence conditions via vine copulas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuk-Hyun Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Missing Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Pee Dee ◽  
Streamflow Estimation ◽  
Vine Copula ◽  
Bivariate Copula ◽  
Pee Dee River ◽  
Vine Copulas

Abstract. Reliable estimates of missing streamflow values are relevant for water resources planning and management. This study proposes a multiple dependence condition model via vine copulas for the purpose of estimating streamflow at partially gaged sites. The proposed model is attractive in modeling the high dimensional joint distribution by building a hierarchy of conditional bivariate copulas when provided a complex streamflow gage network. The usefulness of the proposed model is firstly highlighted using a synthetic streamflow scenario. In this analysis, the bivariate copula model and a variant of the vine copulas are also employed to show the ability of the multiple dependence structure adopted in the proposed model. Furthermore, the evaluations are extended to a case study of 54 gages located within the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin, the eastern U. S. Both results inform that the proposed model is better suited for infilling missing values. After that, the performance of the vine copula is compared with six other infilling approaches to confirm its applicability. Results demonstrate that the proposed model produces more reliable streamflow estimates than the other approaches. In particular, when applied to partially gaged sites with sufficient available data, the proposed model clearly outperforms the other models. Even though the model is illustrated by a specific case, it can be extended to other regions with diverse hydro-climatological variables for the objective of infilling.

Archaeology and Public Education on the Great Pee Dee River:

2018 ◽  
pp. 174-199
Author(s):  
Carl Steen ◽  
Christopher Judge ◽  
Sean Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Pee Dee ◽  
Pee Dee River

Radiocarbon Dates from an Early Archaic Deposit in Russell Cave, Alabama

1957 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
Carl F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Jackson County ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Early Archaic

During recent excavations in the archaeological deposits in Russell Cave, Jackson County, Alabama (Miller 1956), we reached a depth of 13 feet. From this level we collected a large sample of charcoal found in association with chert projectile points whose shape suggests a placement at the end of paleo-Indian times and the beginning of early Archaic times.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document