Abstract
Background
Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) infections cause high mortality and morbidity in intensive care unit patients. There are limited data on the epidemiology of imipenem-resistant A. baumannii (IRAB) amongst pediatric ICU patients.
Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed in patients with AB bacteremia in a pediatric intensive care unit at a tertiary teaching hospital from January 2000 to December 2016. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and PCR for antimicrobial resistance genes were performed for stored isolates. In addition, antibiotic prescription days of therapy (DOT per 1,000 patient-days) of the pediatric department from January 2001 to December 2016 was analyzed.
Results
Bacteremia episodes occurred in 27 patients. Male patients were 11 (41%) and the median age at the onset of bacteremia was 5.2 years (range, 0–18.6 years). There was a clear shift in antibiogram of AB during the study period. From 2000 to 2003, all isolates were imipenem-sensitive (ISAB, N = 6). From 2005 to 2008, both IRAB (N = 5) and ISAB (N = 4) were isolated. However, since 2009, all the AB isolates were IRAB (N = 12). In 33% (9/27) of patients, first AB was isolated from tracheal aspirate and patients developed bacteremia later (median duration from AB positive tracheal culture to AB positive blood culture, 8 days [range 5–124]). The overall mortality of patients with AB bacteremia was 59.3% (16/27) within 28 days. There was no statistical difference in mortality between ISAB and IRAB groups (50% vs. 71%; P = 0.42). From MLST analysis of 10 available isolates, sequence type 138 was predominant (N = 7). All 10 isolates were positive for OXA-23-like and OXA-51-like carbapenemase. In 2001, carbapenem DOT per 1,000 patient-days was 15.3 and later strikingly raised to 82.5 in 2009 when all the isolates were imipenem resistant. After this IRAB outbreak in PICU, proactive infection control and antimicrobial stewardship were reinforced among multidisciplinary teams in PICU. IRAB outbreak was terminated and carbapenem DOT per 1,000 patient-days was decreased to 51.7 in 2016.
Conclusion
IRAB bacteremia causes serious threat in high-risk pediatric patients in PICU. Proactive infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship are crucial to manage serious IRAB infection in PICU.
Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
Nosocomial infection in a pediatric intensive care unit in a developing country
