Form and Function in Italian Renaissance Popular Books

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Grendler
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Page Layout ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Size Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Form and Function are Closely connected in books. The physical appearance of books indicates purpose and intended readership. A combination of size, type, and page layout offers visible signals informing the reader of the content before he begins to read a book. Books that look different are different. They have different subject matters, purposes, and readerships.Anyone browsing in a bookstore in the late twentieth century knows this. Today an illustration on the cover provides the most obvious clue concerning the subject matter and purpose of a book. When the cover shows a handsome man with a scowl on his face and a gun in his hand along with a beautiful young woman in distress—and possibly some degree of undress—we know that the book is a “thriller.” When the cover shows a spaceship, we know that the book is science fiction.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Gavin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Reflexive Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

For the purposes of this book, science fiction is defined broadly in the terms advanced by Darko Suvin, with a focus on the genre from the late nineteenth century onwards. Psychology is conceived as the modern Western discipline, running from the origins of experimental psychology in the late nineteenth century to the ascendance of neuroscience as a disciplinary rival in the late twentieth century. Five different functions for psychological discourses in science fiction are proposed. The didactic-futurological function educates the non-specialist through extrapolation of psychological technologies, teaching within the context of futurological forecasting. The utopian function anchors in historical possibility the imagining of a currently non-existent society, whether utopian or dystopian. The cognitive-estranging function defamiliarizes and denaturalizes social reality by extrapolating current social tendencies and/or construct unsettling fictional analogues of the reader’s world. The metafictional function self-consciously thematizes within narrative fiction the psychological origins, nature, and function of science fiction as a genre. The reflexive function addresses the construction of individuals and groups who have reflexively adopted the ‘truth’ of psychological knowledge.

Secretions

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-158
Author(s):  
Rex Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autobiographical Texts ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

DNA profiling, in which individual being is identified by its cellular structures, was first developed by the geneticist Alec Jeffreys in the 1980s. That this source of identity also forms the instructions through which living organisms are generated has complicated profiling’s place in the cultural imaginary of the late twentieth century. So, while profiling actually deals only in non-coding regions of the genome—matter often referred to as ‘junk DNA’—the significance of DNA as a substance of forensic analysis, in the late twentieth century imaginary, is its resonance as the apparent blueprint of existence. The notable features that this blurring of concepts brings about include a conceptualization of identity as a mass of information; notions to do with codes and coding; the presence of the body in the fluids which spill beyond its bounds; and a sense of the body as an archive of heredity and primitivism. In writing specifically about genetic research, Richard Powers’s The Gold Bug Variations (1991) serves a dual function in this chapter, as both an explicatory document and thematic example. But the more substantive analysis is reserved for the work of J. G. Ballard which, from its science fiction origins in novels such as The Drowned World (1962), through the controversial era of Crash (1973), to its trilogy of autobiographical texts (Empire of the Sun (1984), The Kindness of Women (1991), and Miracles of Life (2008)) articulates a form of identity that has close, though often oblique, affinities with all the most prominent features of DNA profiling.

scholarly journals FORMATION INNOVATIVE PARADIGM: RETROSPECTIVE AND PRESENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (127) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
N. Rylach
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Science Innovation ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Commercialization Of Science

In the current conditions of the world economy, an increasing emphasis on the in- novative direction of development, covering all sectors of the economy, a prerequisite for the development of post-industrial society. A prerequisite for this process is the modern scientific and technological revolution that provides productivity growth, accelerated development of science and education. Scientific and technical progress provides innovative process that is multi-path of development, implementation to the commercialization of science. Innovation activity means innovation and dissemination of scientific and technological progress to meet the changing needs of society. The result of this process is an innovation. Although innovative practice is thousands of years, the subject of special scientific study innovations were only in the XX century. In the evolution of forming a system of knowledge about the development of innovation theory, scientists [18] are the following important steps: the first third of the twentieth century – the formation of the fundamentals of the theory (the period of basic innovation in this area of scientific knowledge); the second third of the twentieth century – the development of basic and detail the innovative ideas of the previous period; since the mid-1970s – a new theoretical breakthrough associated with a wave of epochal and basic innovations in the period of post-industrial society of the late twentieth century – the use of systems analysis, the study of national innovation systems.

The ‘long’ late antiquity: a late twentieth-century model

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Averil Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Century Model ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The last generation has seen an ‘explosion’ in the study of late antiquity. Whether people call it ‘the later Roman empire’ or ‘late antiquity’, the term now in much more common use in English. Handbooks are rapidly appearing to help their teachers meet this demand and they too express the current understanding of what is to be included. This chapter argues that a particular model for the study of this period has come to have a strong influence on students and scholars alike, and it asks how and why this is so, and what implications there are for the future study of the subject. Andrea Giardina has called this a particularly Anglo-centric phenomenon.

scholarly journals Alan Cyril Walker. 23 August 1938—20 November 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 449-467
Author(s):  
Leslea J. Hlusko ◽  
Peter S. Ungar
Keyword(s):  
Homo Erectus ◽  
Early Adopter ◽  
Dental Microwear ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Microwear Analysis ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
And Function ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Bony Morphology

Colleagues often refer to Alan Walker as the Eric Clapton (one of the most influential musicians of the late twentieth century) of palaeoanthropology in recognition of the artistry of his science. His field discoveries filled major gaps in our knowledge of primate evolution, such as elucidating the Miocene world of Proconsul and finding the transitional ‘Black Skull’ of Australopithecus aethiopicus and the skeleton of a Homo erectus boy. In addition to discovering these remarkable fossils, Alan was essential in bringing a palaeobiological approach to the laboratory interpretation of their bony morphology. He used the relationships between form and function in living species as a baseline for understanding the past, he pioneered dental microwear analysis to infer diet and was an early-adopter of the use of microCT to explore the internal structure of primate ear bones. Beyond these scientific accomplishments, however, it was Alan's grace and generosity that truly set him apart from his peers. As the patriarch of an extensive intellectual family of students, postdocs and colleagues, Alan taught by example how to be intellectually creative, brave, meticulous, generous and kind. His legacy will long be felt in both the science and the culture of palaeoanthropology.

scholarly journals From Defoe to Coetzee’s Foe/Foe through Authorship

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Andreia Irina Suciu ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Culea ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Daniel Defoe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The article investigates the concept of authorship in the works of two authors separated by three centuries, namely, Daniel Defoe and J. M. Coetzee, both concerned, in different ways, with aspects regarding the origin and originators of literary works or with the act of artistic creation in general. After a brief literature review, the article focuses on Coetzee’s contemporary revisitation of the question of authorship and leaps back and forth in time from Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) to Coetzee’s Foe (1986). The purpose is that of highlighting the multiple perspectives (and differences) regarding the subject of authorship, including such notions and aspects as: canonicity related to the act of writing and narrating, metafiction, self-reflexivity and intertextuality, silencing and voicing, doubling, bodily substance and the substance of a story, authenticity, (literary) representation and the truth, authoring, the author’s powers, the relation between author and character or between narrator and story, authorial self-consciousness, agency, or ambiguity. The findings presented in the article show that both works are seminal in their attempts to define and redefine the notion of authorship, one (Defoe) concerned with the first literary endeavours of establishing the roles of professional authorship in England, while the other (Coetzee), intervenes in existing literary discussions of the late twentieth century concerning the postmodern author and (the questioning of or liberation of the text from) his powers.

scholarly journals AN APPRECIATION OF ELIZABETH BISHOP OF LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG-QING YANG
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Elizabeth Bishop ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Roles ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

As the important works in American literature, those works of late twentieth century play a very important role. The works of female poet Elizabeth Bishop reflect dramatically contrasting attitudes toward the subject of poetry and its cultural roles. Bishop thinks that she is capable of acquiring unmediated access to the truth of history. Through her large number of works, we can sense her unique language features and impressed images.

scholarly journals Sez who? Critical Legal History Without A Privileged Position

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Henry Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Critical Legal Studies ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Critical Awareness ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Historians affiliated with Critical Legal Studies (CLS) treated their critiques of law as complete when finished, as the last thing that could be said on the subject. Why this is so is quite unclear, especially given that they regularly cited late twentieth-century scholarship that offered reasons why all groundings for thought were debatable. By not critiquing their own set of assumptions as best as they could, CLS historians created the appearance that they believed they occupied a position outside of history and interest, this at the same time that they were objecting to the implicit adoption of such a position by others. CLS scholars thus lost the possibility of strengthening their own scholarship by failing to put their own grounding assumptions under pressure. A modest examination of CLS historical work on labour law suggests how a self-critical awareness might have strengthened even the strongest of such scholarship.

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