Delays to road traffic at an intersection

1964 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Yeo ◽  
B. Weesakul
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Mean Delay ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stationary Waiting Time ◽  
A Minor

A model for road traffic delays at intersections is considered where vehicles arriving, possibly in bunches, in a Poisson process in a one way minor road yield right of way to traffic, which forms alternate bunches and gaps, in a major road. The gap acceptance times are random variables, and depend on whether or not a minor road vehicle is immediately following another minor road vehicle into the intersection or not.The transforms of the stationary waiting time and queue size distributions, and the mean stationary delay, for minor road vehicles are obtained by substitution of determined service time distributions into results for a generalisation of the M/G/1 queueing system. Some numerical results are given to illustrate the increase in the mean delay for variable gap acceptance times for a Borel-Tanner distribution of major road traffic, and a partial solution is given for a two way major road.

Delays to road traffic at an intersection

1964 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Yeo ◽  
B. Weesakul
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Mean Delay ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stationary Waiting Time ◽  
A Minor

A model for road traffic delays at intersections is considered where vehicles arriving, possibly in bunches, in a Poisson process in a one way minor road yield right of way to traffic, which forms alternate bunches and gaps, in a major road. The gap acceptance times are random variables, and depend on whether or not a minor road vehicle is immediately following another minor road vehicle into the intersection or not. The transforms of the stationary waiting time and queue size distributions, and the mean stationary delay, for minor road vehicles are obtained by substitution of determined service time distributions into results for a generalisation of the M/G/1 queueing system. Some numerical results are given to illustrate the increase in the mean delay for variable gap acceptance times for a Borel-Tanner distribution of major road traffic, and a partial solution is given for a two way major road.

Sight Distance for Stop-Controlled Intersections Based on Gap Acceptance

2000 ◽  
Vol 1701 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Harwood ◽  
John M. Mason ◽  
Robert E. Brydia
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Distance Model ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
A Minor

The current AASHTO policy for sight distance at Stop-controlled intersections is based on a model of the acceleration performance of a minor-road vehicle turning left or right onto a major road and the deceleration performance of the following major road vehicle. An alternative intersection sight distance model based on gap acceptance is developed and quantified. Field studies that were performed to determine the critical gaps appropriate for use in sight distance design are described. It is recommended that the sight distance along the major road for a passenger car at a Stop-controlled intersection should be based on a distance equal to 7.5 s of travel time at the design speed of the major road. Longer sight distances are recommended for minor-road approaches that have sufficient truck volumes to warrant consideration of a truck as the design vehicle.

Gap-acceptance in road traffic

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Service Time Distribution ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Acceptance Function

We find the distribution of delay to minor road vehicles waiting to merge or cross a single stream of major road traffic. The decision to cross is taken on the basis of a gap-acceptance function. The model turns out to be a simple queueing problem in which a customer finding an empty queue has a different service time distribution from queueing customers. The key to this representation is given in Section 3. Some numerical results in Section 6 indicate that in most circumstances a simple model will give adequate results.

The capacity of an intersection with non-stationary traffic

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 418-422
Author(s):  
Helmut Wegmann
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Intensity Function ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Homogeneous Case ◽  
Homogeneous Poisson Process ◽  
Periodic Intensity ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Traffic Stream ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Non Homogeneous Poisson Process

The average number of vehicles being able to enter an intersection per time unit from a minor road with a stop or yield sign — the capacity of the intersection — depends on the density of the traffic stream on the major road. In case the time-process of the major road traffic at the intersection is a non-homogeneous Poisson process with a periodic intensity function the capacity is calculated and compared with the capacity in the homogeneous case.

The capacity of an intersection with non-stationary traffic

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Wegmann
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Intensity Function ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Homogeneous Case ◽  
Homogeneous Poisson Process ◽  
Periodic Intensity ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Traffic Stream ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Non Homogeneous Poisson Process

The average number of vehicles being able to enter an intersection per time unit from a minor road with a stop or yield sign — the capacity of the intersection — depends on the density of the traffic stream on the major road. In case the time-process of the major road traffic at the intersection is a non-homogeneous Poisson process with a periodic intensity function the capacity is calculated and compared with the capacity in the homogeneous case.

Gap-acceptance in road traffic

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Service Time Distribution ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Acceptance Function

We find the distribution of delay to minor road vehicles waiting to merge or cross a single stream of major road traffic. The decision to cross is taken on the basis of a gap-acceptance function. The model turns out to be a simple queueing problem in which a customer finding an empty queue has a different service time distribution from queueing customers. The key to this representation is given in Section 3. Some numerical results in Section 6 indicate that in most circumstances a simple model will give adequate results.

Functional dystonia in the foot and ankle

2021 ◽  
Vol 103-B (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132
Author(s):  
Julia Gray ◽  
Matthew Welck ◽  
Nicholas P. Cullen ◽  
Dishan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Mean Delay ◽  
Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Injury Event ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Minor

Aims To assess the characteristic clinical features, management, and outcome of patients who present to orthopaedic surgeons with functional dystonia affecting the foot and ankle. Methods We carried out a retrospective search of our records from 2000 to 2019 of patients seen in our adult tertiary referral foot and ankle unit with a diagnosis of functional dystonia. Results A total of 29 patients were seen. A majority were female (n = 25) and the mean age of onset of symptoms was 35.3 years (13 to 71). The mean delay between onset and diagnosis was 7.1 years (0.5 to 25.0). Onset was acute in 25 patients and insidious in four. Of the 29 patients, 26 had a fixed dystonia and three had a spasmodic dystonia. Pain was a major symptom in all patients, with a coexisting diagnosis of chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) made in nine patients. Of 20 patients treated with Botox, only one had a good response. None of the 12 patients who underwent a surgical intervention at our unit or elsewhere reported a subjective overall improvement. After a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (1 to 12), four patients had improved, 17 had remained the same, and eight reported a deterioration in their condition. Conclusion Patients with functional dystonia typically presented with a rapid onset of fixed deformity after a minor injury/event and pain out of proportion to the deformity. Referral to a neurologist to rule out neurological pathology is advocated, and further management should be carried out in a movement disorder clinic. Response to treatment (including Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections) is generally poor. Surgery in this group of patients is not recommended and may worsen the condition. The overall prognosis remains poor. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1127–1132.

PA 16-4-1799 Biopsychosocial factors associated with non-recovery after a minor road traffic injury: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Samoborec ◽  
Rasa Ruseckaite ◽  
Darshini Ayton ◽  
Sue Evans
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Traffic Injury ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
A Minor

Effects of major-road vehicle speed and driver age and gender on left-turn gap acceptance

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuedong Yan ◽  
Essam Radwan ◽  
Dahai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Gap Acceptance ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
And Gender
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