Measuring Discrimination of Complex Musical Events

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren F. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Judgment ◽  
University Student ◽  
Perceptual Judgment ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Musical Compositions ◽  
Large Complex ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Acceptable Reliability ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

This study describes the development of a reliable instrument to measure perceptual judgment in listening to large, complex musical compositions. Paired excerpts from existing compositions in a diversity of historical styles were taped and played to a panel of “expert” listeners. Some pairs were identical, some highly similar, some slightly similar, and some extremely different. The panel's codings were sorted for high and low consensus; the revised instrument was administered to university student samples, producing acceptable reliability coefficients. The study concludes that perception, memory, and comparative judgment in listening to complex musical works can be measured with reasonable accuracy by the instrument.

scholarly journals Reliability of the Soleus H-Reflex in Different Sitting Postures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Hamad S. Al Amer ◽  
Mohamed A. Sabbahi ◽  
Sharon L. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Hoffmann Reflex ◽  
Reflex Amplitude ◽  
Recording Session ◽  
Acceptable Reliability ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Reliability Coefficients ◽  
Adequate Reliability

The Soleus (SOL) Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) is commonly recorded in sitting position. However, the reliability of recording is unknown. We assessed the reliability of SOL H-reflex amplitude measurements across multiple traces and sessions during erect, slumped, and slouched sitting postures using the generalizability theory. Five traces of the SOL H-reflex maximum amplitude (Hmax) were recorded from 10 healthy participants during erect, slumped, and slouched sitting postures in two sessions. A decision study analysis was then conducted to calculate the reliability coefficients of the Hmax for five traces and two sessions and to mathematically calculate the coefficients for seven and ten traces, and one and three sessions in the three sitting postures. For five traces and two sessions, the results showed reliability coefficients between 0.970 and 0.971, 0.980 and 0.979, and equal to 0.943 for erect, slumped, and slouched sitting, respectively. Averaging five traces of the Hmax in a single recording session was sufficient to obtain acceptable reliability in the three sitting postures (reliability range, 0.892–0.988). It was concluded that the SOL Hmax can be recorded during erect, slumped, and slouched sitting postures with adequate reliability.

Scoring Collegiate Archery

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy H. Ishee ◽  
Jack L. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acceptable Reliability ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

There was a significant difference between mean beginning archery scores of 141 men and 47 women. Of the five trials performed, the last four gave the best measurement schedule by demonstrating no trial-to-trial variation and acceptable reliability coefficients.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Analytic Scale of Argumentative Writing (ASAW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Nimehchisalem ◽  
Jayakaran Mukundan ◽  
Shameem Rafik-Galea ◽  
Arshad Abd Samad
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
University Student ◽  
Argumentative Writing ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Student Writers ◽  
Argumentative Essays ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Specific Scale ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

The Analytic Scale of Argumentative Writing (ASAW) was developed because of the need for a genre-specific scale to assess English as a Second Language (ESL) university student writers’ argumentative essays. The present study reports the findings of field-testing ASAW. For this purpose, argumentative samples (n = 110) were collected and remote-scored by experienced raters (n = 5) who used ASAW. Overall, moderate to high inter-rater reliability (r = 0.7-0.9), as well as high (r = 0.84-0.92) and moderate to high (r = 0.70-0.77) intra-rater reliability coefficients after short (6-week) and long (9-week) rating intervals were obtained, respectively. Some established instruments were used to score the same essays rated using ASAW to test the concurrent validity of the scale. The scores assigned by the raters using the scale demonstrated moderate (r = 0.51) to high (r = 0.77) correlations with the scores awarded using several other standard instruments. The raters who used ASAW were given a questionnaire to evaluate the scale itself, and on average, the results indicated that the raters were highly satisfied with it. It took an average of 5.5 minutes for the raters to evaluate an essay, indicating it was economical. The study has useful implications for refinement of ASAW and development and validation of similar scales and benchmarks in the future.

The Effects of Repeated Exposure on Liking and Judgments of Musical Unity of Intact and Patchwork Compositions

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-Lan Tan ◽  
Matthew P. Spackman ◽  
Christy L. Peaslee
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Musical Compositions ◽  
Arousal Theory ◽  
Musical Works

This study examined the effects of repeated hearings on 74 participants’ responses to two types of musical compositions. Intact compositions consisted of short classical piano solos. Patchwork compositions were created by combining excerpts from three different musical works. The findings showed that listeners’ ratings of unity and liking for intact compositions were initially higher than those for patchwork compositions. With repeated hearings, however, ratings of patchwork compositions increased linearly while ratings of intact compositions showed a general downward trend. After four repeated hearings, ratings of patchwork compositions even exceeded those of the intact compositions. These trends across repeated hearings were contrary to what would be predicted if listeners were focusing on thematic relationships. Implications for Berlyne’s two-factor arousal theory and competing theories are discussed.

Divine Wisdom and Dolorous Mysteries: Habsburg Marian Devotion in Two Motets from Monteverdi's Selva morale et spirituale

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-271
Author(s):  
ANDREW H. WEAVER
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Marian Devotion ◽  
Divine Wisdom ◽  
Large Complex ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Immaculate Conception ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Habsburg Court

Despite recent scholarly interest in Monteverdi's Selva morale et spirituale (1641), many aspects of this large, complex print remain enigmatic, and the intended context for much of the music in the collection has long been a matter of pure conjecture. Yet two of the most anomalous features of the Selva morale, the solo motets Ab aeterno ordinata sum and Pianto della Madonna, can now be placed into the context of the Habsburg court in Vienna during the reign of Ferdinand III (1637––57). Both of these works play directly into the most important aspects of Habsburg Marian devotion. Ab aeterno is a setting of Proverbs 8:23––31, a text that although very rare for seventeenth-century motets would nonetheless have been widely understood as a celebration of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin. The Pianto, a Latin contrafactum of Monteverdi's celebrated Lamento d'Arianna, would have been perfectly suited for the Habsburgs' Fifteen Mysteries Celebration, a Lenten devotion in praise of the Most Holy Rosary. Various types of evidence, including liturgical and other religious writings, Habsburg sermons, and additional musical works, support these interpretations of Monteverdi's motets and reveal their importance to the imperial court. That the composer did indeed include the motets in his print with the Habsburg court in mind is further indicated by similarities between the Selva morale and an earlier publication stemming directly from Ferdinand III's court: Giovanni Felice Sances's Motetti a voce sola of 1638.

scholarly journals A Successful Approach to Study Skills: Go4C´s Projects Strengthen Teamwork

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Christoph Utesch
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Study Skills ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
University Student ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
University Of Munich ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Business Game

The Pupils´ Academy of Serious Gaming at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) deploys the business game Go4C as a tool to learn study skills. Especially, the project management feature of Go4C is a reliable instrument to successfully strengthen teamwork skills of students at the upper vocational schools of Bavaria/ Germany. We enable the pupils to change their learning perspective from school student to university student by participating in a regular course at TUM based on project-based learning with Go4C. The goal is to learn how to self-assess and develop those activities which are important for one´s personal study skills at an early stage before leaving school.

Development of a Scale to Measure the Critical Thinking Disposition of Medical Care Professionals

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Ping Yuan ◽  
Hung-Chang Liao ◽  
Ya-huei Wang ◽  
Ming-Jen Chou
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Critical Thinking Disposition ◽  
Scale Reliability ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Thinking Disposition ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Our aim was to develop the Critical Thinking Disposition Assessment (CTDA) scale to assess medical care professionals' or students' level of critical thinking disposition and to validate the psychometric properties of this instrument. A total of 775 medical care professionals and students agreed to respond to the survey instrument. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 factors; systematicity and analyticity, inquisitiveness and conversance, and maturity and skepticism, accounting for 63.40% of the variance. The final scale comprised 19 statements rated on a 7-point Likert scale. Reliability analysis produced Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from .86 to .94 for the 3 factors and the overall scale, indicating acceptable reliability for the instrument. The concurrent validity analysis was also conducted to compare the instrument with other measures. In light of these findings, the CTDA was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to measure the critical thinking disposition of medical care professionals and students.

scholarly journals The Development of the Online Player Type Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazire Burçin Hamutoğlu ◽  
Murat Topal ◽  
Yavuz Samur ◽  
Deniz Mertkan Gezgin ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Private School ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Gaming Motivation ◽  
Composite Reliability ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

The present study outlines the development of the Online Player Type Scale (OPTS) utilizing a motivational taxonomy developed. This taxonomy was comprehensively reviewed to create scale items, and the conceptual framework of the scale was defined. The study group was comprised of 1,479 students attending grades 5 to 8 of a private school. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit the study group, and playing any videogame frequently was the criterion to be included in the sample. The construct validity and reliability testing showed the OPTS comprised four factors: achievement-oriented (ACH), socialization-oriented (SOC), exploration-oriented (EXP), and competition-oriented (COMP). The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients and composite reliability coefficients were 0.89 and 0.99 for KIL, 0.83 and 0.98 for EXP, 0.83 and 0.98 for SOC, and 0.94 and 0.99 for ACH. It is concluded that the Online Player Type Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing gaming motivation.

scholarly journals Are Humoresques Humorous? On the Similarity Between Laughter and Staccato

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn Trevor ◽  
David Huron
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Musical Compositions ◽  
Duty Cycles ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Musical Sounds ◽  
Human Laughter

Two studies are reported testing the conjecture that certain musical sounds or musical works may emulate the punctuated sound (ha-ha-ha) of human laughter. In the first study, 25 participants were instructed to adjust the tempo and duty cycle (articulation) of simple tone sequences to produce the most laughter-like sound. The adjusted tempos were consistent across participants but slower than measures of actual human laughter. The adjusted duty cycles were comparable to those evident in human laughter. In the second study, comedic-related musical compositions (including humoresques, badineries, and Scherzos) were compared with similar-tempo works by the same composers. It is shown that humoresques contain more staccato passages. However, these detached articulations are not more likely to be isochronous as might be expected if emulating human laughter. Overall, the results provide mixed evidence consistent with the idea that composers emulate laughter when composing certain kinds of humorous passages.

scholarly journals On the reliability and standard errors of measurement of contrast measures from the D-KEFS

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. CRAWFORD ◽  
DAVID SUTHERLAND ◽  
PAUL H. GARTHWAITE
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Function System ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
Difference Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acceptable Reliability ◽  
Reliability Coefficients ◽  
Standard Errors Of Measurement

AbstractA formula for the reliability of difference scores was used to estimate the reliability of Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS; Delis et al., 2001) contrast measures from the reliabilities and correlations of their components. In turn these reliabilities were used to calculate standard errors of measurement. The majority of contrast measures had low reliabilities: of the 51 reliability coefficients calculated in the present study, none exceeded 0.7 and hence all failed to meet any of the criteria for acceptable reliability proposed by various experts in psychological measurement. The mean reliability of the contrast scores was 0.27, the median reliability was 0.30. The standard errors of measurement were large and, in many cases, equaled or were only marginally smaller than the contrast scores' standard deviations. The results suggest that, at present, D-KEFS contrast measures should not be used in neuropsychological decision making. (JINS, 2008, 14, 1069–1073.)

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