The Acute Radiation Syndrome in Dogs after Total-Body Exposure to a Supralethal Dose of Ionizing Radiation (Co 60 LD 100/88 hours )

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Wing Handford ◽  
Paul J. Stonestreet ◽  
Paul W. Johnson ◽  
Leonard A. Freedman ◽  
John H. Flint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Mitigating Effects of 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) on Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome after Total-Body Ionizing Irradiation in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jae Kim ◽  
Jinseon Jeong ◽  
Su-Hyun Shin ◽  
Do Young Lee ◽  
Ki-Young Sohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Ionizing Irradiation ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Mechanism and therapeutic window of a genistein nanosuspension to protect against hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R Landauer ◽  
Adam J Harvey ◽  
Michael D Kaytor ◽  
Regina M Day
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Total Body

Abstract There are no FDA-approved drugs that can be administered prior to ionizing radiation exposure to prevent hematopoietic–acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). A suspension of synthetic genistein nanoparticles was previously shown to be an effective radioprotectant against H-ARS when administered prior to exposure to a lethal dose of total body radiation. Here we aimed to determine the time to protection and the duration of protection when the genistein nanosuspension was administered by intramuscular injection, and we also investigated the drug’s mechanism of action. A single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension was an effective radioprotectant when given prophylactically 48 h to 12 h before irradiation, with maximum effectiveness occurring when administered 24 h before. No survival advantage was observed in animals administered only a single dose of drug after irradiation. The dose reduction factor of the genistein nanosuspension was determined by comparing the survival of treated and untreated animals following different doses of total body irradiation. As genistein is a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist, we also explored whether this was a central component of its radioprotective mechanism of action. Mice that received an intramuscular injection of an estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI 182,780) prior to administration of the genistein nanosuspension had significantly lower survival following total body irradiation compared with animals only receiving the nanosuspension (P < 0.01). These data define the time to and duration of radioprotection following a single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension and identify its likely mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Cholinergic and cytoprotective signaling cascades mediate the mitigative effect of erythropoietin on acute radiation syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-458
Author(s):  
Shereen Mohamed Galal ◽  
Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei ◽  
Hesham Farouk Hasan
Keyword(s):  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Signal Transducers ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Total Body

The present investigation aimed to evaluate the radiomitigative efficacy of the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) against acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in a rat model. Rats were irradiated with a single sublethal dose of γ-radiation (7 Gy; total body irradiation; TBI) on the 1st day of experimental course, then received EPO (5000 IU/kg; i.p.) 24 h after irradiation, and rats were observed for 30 days of survival analysis. Administration of EPO improved 30-day survival, alleviated TBI-induced myelosuppression and pancytopenia, by augmenting lymphocytes and other white blood cells in the peripheral blood of rats, while bone marrow and spleen cellularity were restored. EPO post-exposure treatment alleviated hepatotoxicity biomarkers and restored splenic function. EPO abrogated radiation-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-7-nAChR) and the pro-survival Janus kinase-2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling mediated via enhancing nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf-2) cytoprotective machinery in liver and spleen of irradiated rats. Moreover, EPO treatment prevented hepatic and splenic apoptosis. The present study establishes the implication of α-7-nAChR–JAK-2/STAT-3–Nrf-2 signaling cascade in the radiomitigative potential of EPO against ARS.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology and clinical symp toms of acute radiation syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Kudła ◽  
Arkadiusz Trzos ◽  
Karol Łyziński
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The use of radiation sources in various areas of life generates the risk of accidents and radiation disasters. The increase in terrorist threats as well as the risk of an outbreak of new armed conflicts carries the risk of using radioactive materials by terrorist groups and the military. Exposure to high doses of radiation and absorbing above-threshold doses by victims may cause acute radiation syndrome (ARS), as well as some distant effects. Personnel of the State Emergency Medical System (EMS) will be the first professional medical team in the process of providing assistance to such victims. The effects of further medical treatment in the hospital will depend on EMS’s first response, radiological triage and initial interventions taken. The aim: To present pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of acute radiation syndrome in the context of the medical practice of the EMS. Material and methods: For the purpose of this publication, an analysis of literature on the subject of the mechanism of ionizing radiation and its effects on the human body was performed. The work is focused on the interpretation of research results and their presentation from the EMS’s perspective. Results: The publication presents the impact of ionizing radiation on the body, the mechanism of damage to cellular structures and its consequences for individual organs and systems. ARS’s clinical (hematopoietic, intestinal, cerebrovascular) syndromes were discussed in detail, paying attention to radiation doses, the sensitivity of individual systems and organs, the dynamics of individual phases, as well as the ability to recognize and assess the severity of their progression by EMS personnel. Conclusions: The knowledge of pathophysiology, and ARS’s symptoms and dynamics is important to respond correctly to radiation incidents. This knowledge allows for efficient organization and emergency management during rescue operations. The increase in the risk of radiation incidents and radiation disasters generates the need for appropriate preparation of emergency rescuers, in particular, of the medical personnel of the State Emergency Medical Services.

scholarly journals Proteomic Evaluation of the Acute Radiation Syndrome of the Gastrointestinal Tract in a Murine Total-body Irradiation Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiliang Huang ◽  
Jianshi Yu ◽  
Jace W. Jones ◽  
Claire L. Carter ◽  
Keely Pierzchalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Total Body

Radiation dose is of limited clinical usefulness in persons with acute radiation syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Port ◽  
Matthäus Majewski ◽  
Michael Abend
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Radiation Quality ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Radiation Exposure Dose

Abstract The relation of radiation exposure (dose) with acute radiation syndrome (ARS) depends on many factors. In this overview, we reconsider (1) radiation exposure characteristics (e.g. radiation quality, fractionation, dose rate, partial/total body irradiation) and (2) biological processes (e.g. radiosensitivity, cell cycle dependency, oxygenation) affecting acute health effects after exposure. Furthermore we include evidence from recently published work that examined the relationship of absorbed dose and risk of clinically relevant ARS in persons exposed after a radiation accident. We introduce the concept of radiation-related bioindicators for effect prediction. Bioindicators are considered here to be factors that integrate multiple radiation exposure characteristics and cell- and molecular-based processes to improve clinical prediction in persons with ARS.

Acute Radiation Syndrome Severity Score System in Mouse Total-Body Irradiation Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Ossetrova ◽  
Patrick H. Ney ◽  
Donald P. Condliffe ◽  
Katya Krasnopolsky ◽  
Kevin P. Hieber
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Score System ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Total Body
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document