Building Confidence in Shell: Variations in the Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Correction for the Northwest Coast Over the Past 3,000 Years

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie N. Deo ◽  
John O. Stone ◽  
Julie K. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Correction Curve ◽  
Age Estimates ◽  
Gulf Of Georgia

In many regions, fluctuations have occurred through time in the local 14C activity of seawater. Evaluating these shifts and their effects on 14C age estimates is difficult, and, as a result, archaeologists working in coastal settings tend to preferentially date charcoal samples over shell. Our research on 18 charcoal–shell pairs from Puget Sound and Gulf of Georgia archaeological sites helps elucidate the spatial and temporal dynamics associated with marine reservoir effects in the Pacific Northwest. This analysis suggests that between 0 and 500 B.P. the regional correction value (ΔR) is 400 years, which agrees with the modern value determined by Stuiver and others. Between 500 and 1200 B.P., however, ΔR dips close to zero, possibly reflecting a decrease in offshore upwelling. From 1200 to 3000 B.P., ΔR returns to 400 years. These data are presented as a Puget Sound/Gulf of Georgia regional correction curve for the late Holocene, which local researchers may use to calibrate dates of marine shell. In addition, we detail our methods for constructing calibration curves and present guidelines for archaeologists working in other coastal settings to develop calibration curves for their regions.

Geoarchaeological Perspectives on the “Millennial Series” of Earthquakes in the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington, USA

Radiocarbon ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Hood Canal ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Surface-breaking ruptures on shallow crustal faults in the southern Puget Lowland in western Washington State about a millennium ago prompted abrupt changes in land level and triggered tsunamis in Puget Sound. The displacement on the Seattle fault most likely occurred in the 1050–1020 cal BP interval. Structures further south (the Tacoma and Olympia faults, and one or more faults in the southern Hood Canal zone) ruptured at about the same time, or slightly earlier. The low frequency of radiocarbon ages from archaeological sites in the region in the aftermath of the “millennial series” of earthquakes, when compared to bootstrapped samples from a database of 1255 ages from the Pacific Northwest as a whole, suggests that these very large earthquakes had significant socioeconomic consequences. The cultural record from coastal archaeological sites shows that although survivors camped on the shore in the aftermath, many coastal villages appear to have been abandoned, and were not reoccupied for several centuries. There is little evidence, however, to suggest that people migrated from southern Puget Sound to neighboring areas, and no evidence of social conflict in the adjacent areas that might have served as havens.

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF WOOD IN HEADWATER STREAMS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan A. Hassan ◽  
Dan L. Hogan ◽  
Stephen A. Bird ◽  
Christine L. May ◽  
Takashi Gomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Potato Tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the Columbia Basin of the Pacific Northwest

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. DeBano ◽  
P. B. Hamm ◽  
A. Jensen ◽  
S. I. Rondon ◽  
P. J. Landolt
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Columbia Basin ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Potato Tuberworm

Ella Rhoads Higginson

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
New England ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Private School ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Male ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
City Newspaper

Ella Rhoads Higginson (b. 1862?–d. 1940) was born in Council Grove, Kansas, a launching point for westward movement of settler colonialists. When she was a child, her family moved to Oregon, traveling in a wagon train following the old Oregon Trail. The family eventually settled in Oregon City, where she was educated in private school. Ella’s strong interests in reading and writing began early. Her parents possessed a substantial library that included books by Irving, Longfellow, Shakespeare, and Tennyson. Ella began writing when she was eight. Her first publication, the poem “Dreams of the Past,” appeared in The Oregon City newspaper when she was fourteen. The following year she began work on The Oregon City Enterprise newspaper, learning typesetting and editorial writing. She also started publishing fiction. In 1885, she married Russell Carden Higginson, a businessman who was a cousin to New England author Thomas Wentworth Higginson. The couple moved north to Whatcom (later Bellingham), Washington, where Higginson lived for fifty-two years until her death. There she devoted herself to writing. She soon became the first influential Pacific Northwest author. People around the world were introduced to the region when they read Higginson’s award-winning writing. Her descriptions of majestic mountains, vast forests, and the scenic waters of the Puget Sound presented the then-remote, unfamiliar Pacific Northwest to eager readers. Her characterizations of white women and men who inhabited the region revealed what life was like in this part of the nation as opposed to regions such as New England. Higginson’s celebrated writings were the first to place the Pacific Northwest on the literary map. Her talent was widely recognized. The prestigious Macmillan Company, which became her publisher, approached her seeking to print her work. She was awarded prizes from magazines such as Collier’s and McClure’s. Her poems were set to music and performed internationally. She published over eight hundred works in her lifetime. However, World War I altered the means of production, resulting in books going out of print and diminishing reputations of well-known authors, especially writers of color and women. Most of Higginson’s books went out of print. After the war, new editors, mostly white men, managed US newspapers, periodicals, and publishing companies. Largely uninterested in prewar authors, they sought writing from nascent literary movements such as Modernism while also promoting works by overlooked white male authors such as Melville. Higginson’s reputation faded in the last decades of her life. By the time she was chosen first Poet Laureate of Washington State in 1931, she and her work were largely remembered only in the Pacific Northwest. When she died in 1940, she was almost completely forgotten. In the 21st century, Higginson and her writings are returning to literary distinction.

Crash Theory: Entrapments of Conservation Drones and Endangered Megafauna

2020 ◽  
pp. 016224392092035
Author(s):  
Adam Fish
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
The Pacific

Drones deployed to monitor endangered species often crash. These crashes teach us that using drones for conservation is a contingent practice ensnaring humans, technologies, and animals. This article advances a crash theory in which pilots, conservation drones, and endangered megafauna are relata, or related actants, that intra-act, cocreating each other and a mutually constituted phenomena. These phenomena are entangled, with either reciprocal dependencies or erosive entrapments. The crashing of conservation drones and endangered species requires an ethics of care, repair, or reworlding. Diffractions, disruptions that expose difference, result from crashes and reveal the precarious manner by which technologies, laws, and discourses bring nature and culture together. To support crash theory, this article presents three ethnographic cases. A drone crash in the United Kingdom near white rhinoceroses while building machine learning training data exhibits the involvement of the electromagnetic spectrum; the threat of crashes in the Pacific Northwest near Puget Sound orcas discloses the impacts of drone laws; and drone crashes in Sri Lanka among Asian elephants presents the problems of technoliberal ideals around programming natural worlds. Throughout the article, a methodology is developed, parallelism, which attends to the material similarities in lateral phenomena.

First Report of Downy Mildew of Chives Caused by Peronospora destructor in the Pacific Northwest

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Dean A. Glawe
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Washington State ◽  
King County ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
First Report ◽  
Peronospora Destructor ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Allium Schoenoprasum

Chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.) is one of the specialty crops grown by farmers in the Puget Sound region of Washington State. In September, 2002, downy mildew symptoms were observed in a 0.2 hectare field planting of chive near Fall City, King County, WA. Downy mildew had not been reported previously on chive in the Pacific Northwest. Accepted for publication 15 April 2003. Published 12 May 2003.

Seasonal balance and vertical pattern of photosynthetically active radiation within canopies of a tropical dry deciduous forest ecosystem in Mexico

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Parker ◽  
Clara Tinoco-Ojanguren ◽  
Angelina Martínez-Yrízar ◽  
Manuel Maass
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fraction Absorbed ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest

Major components of the flux density of global photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were measured above and within canopies in a tropical deciduous forest on the Pacific coast of Mexico. At each of 69 locations grouped along a topographic sequence the PAR reflected from the top of the canopy, the vertical profile of transmittance, and the reflectance from the ground, were measured as many as four times in the year, including the extremes of the wet and dry seasons. With these observations an annual balance of the portion of PAR radiation reflected and absorbed by the canopy and ground was assembled and the detailed spatial and temporal dynamics of PAR within canopy layers were estimated. Canopy stature declined along the topographic sequence and the shape of the transmittance profiles reflected this. In locations of declining moisture availability the fraction of PAR absorbed by the ground increased and the fraction absorbed by non-foliar tissues decreased. Seasonal variation in canopy structure was the dominant influence on the partitioning of radiation – spatial variation was less important. Of a total annual PAR input of 15 200 mol m−2, about 95% of incident PAR was absorbed, 50% by leaves, 25% by non-foliar tissues and 20% by the ground. The remaining 5% was reflected by the top of the canopy.

PUGET SOUND FISHERIES AND OIL POLLUTION – A Status Report

1971 ◽  
Vol 1971 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Robert C. Clark ◽  
John S. Finley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
State Government ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The Greater Puget Sound Basin is one of the largest oil handling areas on the West Coast of North America. Due to the increased local need for petroleum products and to the proposed influx of Alaskan North Slope crude oil in the near future, this area will undoubtedly experience even greater petroleum transportation and processing activities. In terms of living resources of economic value—fish, shellfish, waterfowl and aquatic animals—Puget Sound is one of the most productive estuaries on the Pacific Coast. There is increasing evidence that the extensive sport, commercial and aquacultural fisheries resources are threatened by pollution resulting from oil spilled in the transport, handling, and use of petroleum. This paper presents a stauts report of what is being done in the Pacific Northwest by the petroleum industry, state government and federal agencies to protect the environment prior to the anticipated expansion of the petroleum industry. Research activities which will provide additional information for minimizing the impact of oil pollution on an already pollution-stressed environment are also discussed.

Temporal dynamics of roost snags of long-legged myotis in the Pacific Northwest, USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1310-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lacki ◽  
Michael D. Baker ◽  
Joseph S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Pacific
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