Documents from Phrygia and Cyprus

1935 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Buckler
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
The Other

The following inscriptions, one from the realm of the Attalid kings, the other from that of the Ptolemies, came to light last year. Both are city decrees issued in the second century B.C., and affinity in date, if not in matter, seems to justify their being here published together.I. Decree from Apamea-ad-MaeandrumDinar. Two fragments of a marble stele excavated in 1934 near the ‘Therma’ spring (Ramsay, C.B. p. 401), soon afterwards copied, photographed and measured by W. M. Calder. At the top a plain moulding; broken at base and on both sides, no part of edges preserved; h. 0·39 m., w. 0·37 m., th. 0·08–0·10 m.; letters 0·007 to 0·0125 m.

Danebury, Hampshire: Second Interim Report on the Excavations 1971–5

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Cunliffe
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Religious Nature ◽  
Continuous Strip

SummaryThe results of five seasons of excavation (1971–5) are summarized. A continuous strip 30–40 m. wide extending across the centre of the fort from one side to the other was completely excavated revealing pits, gullies, circular stake-built houses, rectangular buildings, and 2-, 4-, and 6-post structures, belonging to the period from the sixth to the end of the second century B.C. The types of structures are discussed. A sequence of development, based largely upon the stratification preserved behind the ramparts, is presented: in the sixth–fifth century the hill was occupied by small four-post ‘granaries’ possibly enclosed by a palisade. The first hill-fort rampart was built in the fifth century protecting houses, an area of storage pits, and a zone of 4-and 6-post buildings laid out in rows along streets. The rampart was heightened in the third century, after which pits continued to be dug and rows of circular houses were built. About 100 B.C. rectangular buildings, possibly of a religious nature, were erected, after which the site was virtually abandoned. Social and economic matters are considered. The excavation will continue.

Aspects of the Vocabulary of Chariton of Aphrodisias

1991 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Ruiz-Montero
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
The Third

There has been little research on the vocabulary of the Greek novelists. Gasda studied that of Chariton in the last century. He compared some of his terms with those of other authors and he concluded he should be placed in the sixth century A.D. Then Schmid considered that Chariton's language was not Atticist, and dated his novel in the second century or beginning of the third. In 1973 Chariton's language was studied by Papanikolaou. His research dealt above all with several syntactic aspects and the use of some vocabulary, which led him to conclude that this language was closer to the koiné than that of the other novelists. But Papanikolaou went further in his conclusions: finding no trace of Atticism in Chariton, he considered him a pre-Atticist writer and, using extra-linguistic data, such as the citing of the Seres, the Chinese (6.4.2), placed him in the second half of the first century B.C. This chronology has been accepted by some, but already Giangrande has observed that this lack of Atticisms could have been intentional, in which case that date would be questionable.

Nomad Migration in Central Asia

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZIM ABDULLAEV
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration

This chapter examines the ethnic and cultural identities and migration routes of nomadic tribes in Central Asia. It explains that the migration of Central Asian nomads, particularly into Transoxiana, can be divided into two categories. One is the long trans-regional route ascribable to the migration of the Yuezhi tribe from the valley of Gansu to the territory north of the Oxus River, and the other is the local migration attributed to the tribes such as the Dahae, Sakaraules, and Appasiakes. The chapter suggests that the events which determined nomad migration are connected with the history of the northern and western borders of Han China in the second century BC.

The Second Century Papers: Looking Ahead in Aeronautics—15

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (698) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Joseph Black
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
And Training

“Man's curiosity searches past and future And clings to that dimension. But to apprehend The point of intersection of the timeless With time, is an occupation for the saint.” The Dry Salvages—T. S. Eliot Why include the topic of education and training, it could be asked, in a series devoted to predicting ahead to the Second Century of the Society. It is obvious that in the other fields covered there is bound to be great technological progress but men, it might be thought, will teach, and learn, and study much as they do today, and as they did yesterday. Thus we could advise our student engineer that “the acquirements which are necessary to enable the individual to distinguish himself, or even to practise his profession with a moderate chance of success are partly abstract and theoretical, and partly experimental or practical.

Knossos 1951–61: Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery from the Town

1972 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 63-98
Author(s):  
J. N. Coldstream
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Royal Road ◽  
Contemporary Architecture ◽  
The Town

This is the first of three articles dealing with the settlement pottery of post-Minoan Knossos, dating from the tenth to the second century B.C., and coming from the British School's excavations of 1951–61. The most prolific source of this pottery is the major excavation on both sides of the Royal Road, directed by M. S. F. Hood in 1957–61. Here the post-Minoan overlay was in places over five metres deep, and good house-deposits were recovered of the Protogeometric, late Classical, and Hellenistic periods; there is also an excellent well-deposit of late Archaic times. For the other periods, the site produced only thin and scrappy rubbish-deposits, not associated with any contemporary architecture, and therefore less well stratified. But many of the gaps in the Royal Road sequence are more effectively filled by a number of well-deposits from minor excavations on the periphery of the town. Consequently, with the sole exception of the sixth century B.C. (which is still very meagrely represented), it is now possible to get a reasonably clear picture of the domestic pottery at every stage in the life of Hellenic Knossos.

ARISTARCHUS’ WORK IN PROGRESS: WHAT DID ARISTONICUS AND DIDYMUS READ OF ARISTARCHUS?

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Schironi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Second Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New System

As is well known, the work of Aristarchus on Homer is not preserved by direct tradition. We have instead many fragments preserved mainly in the Homeric scholia, the Byzantine Etymologica and the Homeric commentaries by Eustathius of Thessalonica. These fragments go back to the so-called Viermännerkommentar (abbreviated VMK), the ‘commentary of the four men’, a commentary that is dated to the fifth-sixth century c.e. and collects the works of Aristonicus, Didymus, Nicanor and Herodian. In the first century b.c.e. Aristonicus explained the meaning of Aristarchus’ critical signs in a treatise called Περὶ τῶν σημείων τῶν τῆς ᾿Ιλιάδος καὶ ᾿Οδυσσείας, while in the Περὶ τῆς ᾿Αρισταρχείου διορθώσεως Didymus studied Aristarchus’ Homeric recension. In the second century c.e. two more scholars, Herodian and Nicanor, dealt with Aristarchus while analysing questions of prosody in the Homeric language (Herodian) or the punctuation of the Homeric text (Nicanor). Not all of these four ‘men’ are equally important, however, as sources for Aristarchus. In fact, Herodian and Nicanor had aims that were quite independent of Aristarchus’ enterprise: the former was concerned with problems of prosody, accentuation and aspiration in Homer, whereas the latter had developed a new system of punctuation to elucidate the Homeric text from a syntactic point of view. Although both Herodian and Nicanor did take an interest in Aristarchus, their focus was thus different from that of their Alexandrian predecessor. The goal of Aristonicus and Didymus, on the other hand, was specifically to reconstruct Aristarchus’ work on Homer; it is for this reason that they are considered the most trustworthy witnesses for Aristarchus’ fragments.

Britannia on Roman coins of the second century A.D.

1924 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Toynbee
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Roman Coins ◽  
Greek Revival ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
Greek Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The history of art in the Roman period is the history of the interplay of two opposite tendencies. On the one hand there is the Roman taste for realism and accurate representation, combining with the Italian love of naturalism; on the other, the fostering of the Greek tradition of idealism in art both by the Greek artists who worked at Rome and by the Greek enthusiasts among their Roman employers. After the culmination of Roman historical art under the Flavians and Trajan, the second century, as is well known, was marked by a great reaction in favour of things Hellenic, and it is with one small part of the Greek revival under Hadrian and the Antonines, when Greek art blossomed afresh for the last time during the history of the ancient world, that I propose to deal in this paper.

scholarly journals Ignacio de Antioquía inventó el Cristianismo: Trajano y Adriano frente a los Cristianos = Ignatius of Antioch invented the Christianism: Trajan and Hadrian facing the Christians

2019 ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Pedro Giménez de Aragón Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Change ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
1 Peter ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship

Resumen: Este artículo estudia el cambio con­ceptual que se produjo a partir de Ignacio de Antioquía, creador de los neologismos Christianismós y Katholika Ekklesía. Se analiza también el precedente que supuso el neologismo ’Ioudaïsmós, nacido en 2Ma­cabeos. Por otra parte, se analiza la relación existente entre el nacimiento de una iden­tidad cristiana a principios del siglo II y el cambio en la política religiosa de Adriano respecto a los cristianos. Si Trajano ordenó que los cristianos confesos debían ser eje­cutados, Adriano, después de escuchar la Apología de Arístides, ordenó que las ejecu­ciones debían cesar. Arístides y las cartas de Bernabé y 1 Pedro son textos cristianos de esa época que pugnan por la consolidación de una identidad cristiana diferente a la gre­corromana y a la judía. Dicha identidad no era religiosa sino étnica, porque el concepto de religión tal como hoy lo conocemos no existía en la Antigüedad.Abstract: This article deals with the conceptual change produced after Ignatius of Antioch, creator of the neologisms Christianismós and Katholika Ekklesía. The precedent that made arise the neologism ’Ioudaïsmós, born in 2Maccabees, is also analyzed. On the other hand, the relationship between the birth of a Christian identity at the beginning of the second century and the change of Hadrian’s religious policy towards the Christians is analyzed as well. Whereas Trajan ordered that confessed Christians should be execu­ted, Hadrian commanded, after having listen the Apology of Aristides, that the executions should come to an end. Aristides and the letters of Barnabas and 1 Peter are Christian texts of that time that struggle for the conso­lidation of a Christian identity different from the Greco-Roman and Jewish identities. This identity was not religious but ethnic, since the concept of religion as we know it today did not exist in Antiquity.Palabras clave: Judaísmo, Cristianismo, Ignacio de An­tioquía, Arístides de Atenas, Bernabé, 1 Pe­dro, Trajano, Adriano.Key words: Judaism, Christianity, Ignatius of An­tioch, Aristides of Athens, Bernabe, 1 Peter, Trajan, Hadrian.

Chariton and Xenophon of Ephesus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Sophistic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Control

This chapter discusses the novels of Chariton and Xenophon of Ephesus. Both are engaged with central concerns of the Second Sophistic, in particular that of elite Greek identity. Chariton’s novel (composed in the second century and connected with the sophist Dionysius of Miletus) demonstrates the same empathetic recreation of the classical past as sophistic declamation, and defines the Greekness of his protagonists in antithesis to a Persia configured to enable the exploration of the contemporary accommodation of the Greek elite to Rome. In his vision, paideia is a central constituent of Hellenic identity, enacted through an important third character, who represents an older erotic paradigm in contrast to the romantic heroes. Xenophon’s novel (probably an epitome), on the other hand, uses a contemporary setting to explore the nightmare of the loss of social status and control over one’s own person.

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