An Initial Consideration of Obsidian Procurement and Exchange in Prehispanic Ecuador

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Burger ◽  
Frank Asaro ◽  
Helen V. Michel ◽  
Fred H. Stross ◽  
Ernesto Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Santa Elena

We have examined the role of long-distance trade in Prehispanic Ecuador using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and neutron-activation analysis (NAA) of obsidian artifacts from the archaeological sites of El Inga, Chobshi Cave and Site OGSE-46 on the Santa Elena Peninsula. Results indicate that two geological sources east of Quito, Yanaurco-Quiscatola and Mullumica, were the principal source of raw obsidian at these sites. We situate our findings within a broader archaeological context through a review of the literature and a discussion of an earlier provenience study undertaken by us. We express concerns about recent attempts to apply ethnohistoric models to early periods of Ecuadorian prehistory, and argue that despite early exploitation of the principal obsidian sources, long-distance trade in obsidian was initiated at a relatively late date and remained at a surprisingly low level in southern Ecuador during most of prehistory.

RHODES AND KOS: EAST DORIAN POTTERY PRODUCTION OF THE ARCHAIC PERIOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 99-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Villing ◽  
Hans Mommsen
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Consistent Feature ◽  
Painted Pottery

To date, the pottery production of Rhodes, Kos and other ‘East Dorian’ islands and coastal areas remains little understood. This article presents and discusses new neutron activation analysis (NAA) of eighth–sixth-century bc vessels found on Rhodes and in related areas, placing them in the wider context of past and present archaeometric research. The results highlight the role of Kos as a leading regional centre of painted pottery production and export in the seventh–sixth centuries bc, notably of ‘East Dorian’ plates. This includes the famous ‘Euphorbos plate’, which can now be attributed to Koan production. Contemporary Archaic pottery workshops on Rhodes, in contrast, had a less ambitious, if diverse, output, ranging from vessels in a Sub-Geometric tradition, imitation Corinthian wares and modest local versions of Koan- and Ionian-style plates to finely potted and richly decorated ‘Vroulian’ cups and black-figured situlae. It was imported mainland and East Greek wares, however, that dominated the island's consumption of Archaic painted wares. This represents a departure from the preceding Geometric period, which was characterised by a local pottery production of considerable scale and quality, although receptivity to external influences remained a consistent feature throughout later periods. As patterns of demand were changing, the island's craft production appears to have concentrated on a different range of goods in which high-quality figured finewares played a lesser role.

Analytical Processing Development of Tin Element Using Wavelength Dispersion X-Ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisakorn Nuamsrinuan ◽  
Weeranuch Kaewwiset ◽  
Pichet Limsuwan ◽  
Kittisakchai Naemchanthara
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naa Technique ◽  
Analytical Processing

The aim of this work was to develop technical analysis of wavelength dispersion X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and compare with technical neutron activation analysis (NAA). First, the standard of tin oxide (SnO) was ground into powder and mixed with boric acid (H3BO3) as binder at different weight. All of samples were investigated by WDXRF in normalize mode.The results indicated that the range can use to calibration at sample weight 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g. Next, the three SnO samples from different area (A, B and C) were ground, mixed with binder at ratio 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g and investigated by WDXRF in normalize mode. The results show tin (Sn) content of sample area A, B and C were 75.71, 74.61 and 71.01%, respectively. The result from NAA technique show Sn content of sample A, B and C were 79.36, 77.48 and 73.35%. The percentage error of WDXRF and NAA technique of the samples from the different area had 4.63, 3.70 and 3.19%. From the experiment as examined that the WDXRF technique could be improve process for determine chemical composition which one of choice for easy to used and low cost.

Obsidian in Southern Ecuador: The Carboncillo Source

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Ogburn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Organization ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
High Level ◽  
Northern Highlands

AbstractThe Carboncillo area in the southern highlands of Ecuador is identified as the only confirmed source of archaeological obsidian located in the country outside of the northern highlands and is the first identified in the large gap between the known Ecuadorian and Peruvian sources. With the identification of this source, it can no longer be assumed that all obsidian found in Ecuador came from sources in the northern highlands. Thus the Carboncillo source has significant implications for interpreting patterns of long-distance exchange in the Andes, especially in southern Ecuador and the far north of Peru. A geochemical analysis of the Carboncillo material shows that it can be easily distinguished from the obsidian from other Ecuadorian sources. A provenance study of archaeological obsidian samples from the southern highlands of Ecuador using x-ray fluorescence demonstrates that the Carboncillo obsidian was used at the Preceramic site of Chobshi Cave and at a number of late prehispanic sites in the Saraguro region. The results indicate a high level of sociopolitical and economic isolation in late prehistory, most likely tied to a preoccupation with warfare between neighboring groups, and provide additional evidence that the economic organization of the southern highlands differed markedly from that of the north during this time.

A Review of Bromine Determination in Foods

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton E Getzendaner
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Bromine Determination

Abstract Organic compounds containing bromine, including methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide, and l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, have been used extensively for the fumigation of foods, or soils in which foods grow, making it necessary to determine residues of bromine and bromine-containing organic compounds. A large number of methods for the determination of bromine in foods, as organic, inorganic, and combined total bromide, have been developed. In methods for organic bromide, the bromine is converted to the inorganic form for measurement by titration, photometry, or other means. In recent years, instrumental methods have been developed in which the total bromine in the sample is determined, regardless of the state in which it exists. X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis are the 2 instrumental methods used most widely. Residue data are presented for some typical bromine-containing samples.

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