Kidney Biopsy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina Voiculescu ◽  
Gearoid McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Renal Biopsies ◽  
Careful Assessment

The introduction of renal biopsies has transformed practice in nephrology, particularly with regard to glomerular disease and the care of kidney transplant recipients. A biopsy can provide information about the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney disease while most importantly often leading to changes in therapy that can be life saving. Four groups of patients benefit most from renal biopsy: those with nephrotic syndrome, those with acute nephritic syndromes with rapid deterioration of renal function, those with unexplained acute kidney injury and renal transplant recipients. Non-nephrotic range proteinuria and/or hematuria or unexplained chronic kidney disease represent indications in selected cases. The evaluation of patients prior to undergoing a kidney biopsy requires a careful assessment that includes a detailed history to confirm the relative benefit of a biopsy in making an accurate diagnosis compared with individual’s risk of bleeding. The use of real-time ultrasound or CT-guidance with gun-mounted biopsy needles is paramount for the successful performance of the biopsy and reduction of risks. renal biopsies are mostly done as an inpatient but can be performed on an outpatient basis in selected cases. A renal biopsy has a bleeding risk of up to 5% and is considered a “high bleeding risk procedure”. For patients receiving -antithrombotic therapy, the approach to periprocedural use of antithrombotic agents needs to be individualized. Because it is a high-risk procedure, all efforts must be undertaken to minimize the risk including a careful assessment of the patient's specific situation, and only experienced operators at institutions that can care for post-biopsy complications should perform the procedure. This review contains 7 tables, 7 figures and 83 references Key words: kidney biopsy, native kidney, transplant kidney, indications, preparation, performing biopsy, ultrasound guidance, transjugular, CT-guided, complications

Kidney Biopsy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina Voiculescu ◽  
Gearoid McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Renal Biopsies ◽  
Careful Assessment

The introduction of renal biopsies has transformed practice in nephrology, particularly with regard to glomerular disease and the care of kidney transplant recipients. A biopsy can provide information about the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney disease while most importantly often leading to changes in therapy that can be life saving. Four groups of patients benefit most from renal biopsy: those with nephrotic syndrome, those with acute nephritic syndromes with rapid deterioration of renal function, those with unexplained acute kidney injury and renal transplant recipients. Non-nephrotic range proteinuria and/or hematuria or unexplained chronic kidney disease represent indications in selected cases. The evaluation of patients prior to undergoing a kidney biopsy requires a careful assessment that includes a detailed history to confirm the relative benefit of a biopsy in making an accurate diagnosis compared with individual’s risk of bleeding. The use of real-time ultrasound or CT-guidance with gun-mounted biopsy needles is paramount for the successful performance of the biopsy and reduction of risks. renal biopsies are mostly done as an inpatient but can be performed on an outpatient basis in selected cases. A renal biopsy has a bleeding risk of up to 5% and is considered a “high bleeding risk procedure”. For patients receiving -antithrombotic therapy, the approach to periprocedural use of antithrombotic agents needs to be individualized. Because it is a high-risk procedure, all efforts must be undertaken to minimize the risk including a careful assessment of the patient's specific situation, and only experienced operators at institutions that can care for post-biopsy complications should perform the procedure. This review contains 7 tables, 7 figures and 83 references Key words: kidney biopsy, native kidney, transplant kidney, indications, preparation, performing biopsy, ultrasound guidance, transjugular, CT-guided, complications

Human BK Polyomavirus Nephropathy (BKVN) In Non- Kidney-Transplant Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S118-S118
Author(s):  
Y Chen Wongworawat ◽  
C Zuppan
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Bk Polyomavirus ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Renal Biopsies ◽  
Renal Transplant Patients

Abstract Introduction/Objective Human BK polyomavirus nephropathy (BKVN) occurs in up to 10% of renal transplant recipients, and can result in graft loss. Transplant biopsy is the gold standard to diagnose BKVN, and SV40 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining is helpful in confirming the diagnosis. BKVN is uncommon outside the setting of renal transplantation. To understand more about its occurrence in other contexts, we reviewed our renal biopsies files for cases of BKVN. Methods Our renal biopsy files for the past 20 years were reviewed for all cases with a diagnosis of BKVN or polyoma virus infection, and the clinical characteristics of the affected patients noted. Results Evidence of BKVN was found in 44 renal biopsies, of which 39 (86%) were renal transplant patients. Of the remaining five patients (14%), two had undergone heart transplantation, one lung transplantation, one was undergoing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and one patient had active HIV infection. All patients had elevated serum creatinine, and four out of five patients had documented BK viremia. Four of the five biopsies showed typical tubular injury with viral nuclear cytopathic changes (inclusions). In the lung transplant patient, the biopsy showed advanced chronic tubulointerstitial injury without distinct viral inclusions, but SV40 staining confirmed the presence of BK virus antigen. Conclusion The BKVN is distinctly uncommon outside the context of kidney transplantation. In our series, 14% of patients with BKVN were not kidney transplant recipients, but all were immune compromised in some fashion. The pathologic features of BKVN appear similar, regardless of whether the host is a renal transplant recipient or not. Although uncommon, it is important to consider the possibility of BKVN in non-renal transplant patients with persistent or progressive renal dysfunction.

RENAL BIOPSY IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1034
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. VERNIER ◽  
ROBERT A. GOOD
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Percutaneous Needle Biopsy ◽  
Surgical Exploration ◽  
Renal Biopsies

RENAL biopsy offers invaluable aid in the clinical diagnosis of kidney disease and is an important technique in research designed to clarify the etiology, pathogenesis, and evaluation of therapeutic agents, in a variety of renal diseases. The majority of the scientific reports describing renal biopsy have concerned adult patients. The few available reports of renal biopsy in children do not discuss the risks attending the procedure or the specific problems peculiar to kidney biopsy in children. A review of our experience in 150 renal biopsies in children may afford a basis for evaluation of these questions. The available techniques of renal biopsy include: 1) surgical exploration and removal of a segment of kidney cortex, and 2) percutaneous needle biopsy.

scholarly journals Complications of Outpatient and Inpatient Renal Biopsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Shih-Yi Lin ◽  
Cherry Yin-Yi Chang ◽  
Cheng-Chieh Lin ◽  
Wu-Huei Hsu ◽  
I.-Wen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Renal Biopsies ◽  
Inpatient Settings

Background: The evidence indicates that the optimal observation period following renal biopsy ranges between 6 and 8 h. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored whether differences exist in the complication rates of renal biopsies performed in outpatient and inpatient settings. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1985 to February 2020. Two reviewers independently selected studies evaluating the bleeding risk from renal biopsies performed in outpatient and inpatient settings and reviewed their full texts. The primary and secondary outcomes were risks of bleeding and major events (including mortality) following the procedure, respectively. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the original study design (i.e., prospective or retrospective). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effect meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Results: Data from all 10 eligible studies, which included a total of 1801 patients and 203 bleeding events, were included for analysis. Renal biopsies in outpatient settings were not associated with a higher bleeding risk than those in inpatient settings (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.59–1.11; I2 = 0%). The risk of major events was also comparable across both groups (OR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.16–1.29; I2 = 4%). Conclusions: Similar rates of bleeding and major events following renal biopsy in outpatient and inpatient settings were observed.

scholarly journals The determinants, biomarkers, and consequences of microvascular injury in kidney transplant recipients

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. F9-F19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Doreille ◽  
Mélanie Dieudé ◽  
Heloise Cardinal
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Hla Antibodies ◽  
Microvascular Injury ◽  
Antibody Mediated Rejection ◽  
Peritubular Capillaries

Independent of the initial cause of kidney disease, microvascular injury to the peritubular capillary network appears to play a central role in the development of interstitial fibrosis in both native and transplanted kidney disease. This association is explained by mechanisms such as the upregulation of profibrotic genes and epigenetic changes induced by hypoxia, capillary leakage, endothelial and pericyte transition to interstitial fibroblasts, as well as modifications in the secretome of endothelial cells. Alloimmune injury due to antibody-mediated rejection and ischemia-reperfusion injury are the two main etiologies of microvascular damage in kidney transplant recipients. The presence of circulating donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies, histological findings, such as diffuse C4d staining in peritubular capillaries, and the extent and severity of peritubular capillaritis, are commonly used clinically to provide both diagnostic and prognostic information. Complement-dependent assays, circulating non-HLA antibodies, or evaluation of the microvasculature with novel imaging techniques are the subject of ongoing studies.

Assessment of Nonimmunologic Factors in Kidney Transplant Recipients According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 2709-2711
Author(s):  
E. Dounousi ◽  
M. Mitsis ◽  
G. Spanos ◽  
C. Pappas ◽  
V. Koutlas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients

THE STATE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN CHILDREN OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
I.A. Kozyro ◽  
◽  
А.V. Sukalo ◽  
О.A. Kondratenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Pediatric Nephrology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Activation Markers

Damage of the cardiovascular system (cardiovascular disease, CVD) is the main cause of reduced life expectancy in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the development of damage of the heart and blood vessels, both traditional factors and caused by impaired renal function, which appear already in the early stages of kidney disease, play a role. Purpose of the study: assessment of markers of the structure, function and metabolism of the heart and study of their changes in children, kidney transplant recipients. Materials and methods. 54 children, a kidney transplant recipients (Tx), who were under observation and treatment at the National Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy, Minsk 2nd Children's City Clinical Hospital, aged 3 to 17 years, were included in the study. The analysis of the data of the Tx group and conditionally divided subgroups: 1) with glomerular disease leading to the end stage of CKD (ESRD), n = 26; 2) with non-glomerular pathology, n = 27, in one patient the cause of ESRD was not specified. The control group consisted of healthy children from cardiology department without kidney pathology (n = 86). Results. Anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, immunological (serum concentration of T- and B-lymphocyte activation markers (RANTES and BAFF), proinflammatory (caspase 1, IL1fi and TNFa), vascular (VEGF) and tissue (TGF1p) growth factors), metabolic status (adyponectin, leptin, obestatin, vitamin D 25(OH)D), cardiospecific molecules (highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), proBNP, transferrin, TSAT index), instrumental changes. Conclusion. Changes in the cardiovascular system in Tx are ambiguous. On the one hand, there is a significant improvement in the geometry of the myocardium and arterial hypertension, on the other hand, the atherogenic direction of metabolic changes and biochemical markers of CVD remains.

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