Pediatric Upper Airway Obstruction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Chan ◽  
Suzanne M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Retropharyngeal Abscess ◽  
Anatomic Location ◽  
Bacterial Tracheitis

Upper airway obstruction is a common reason that children present for emergency care, and causes range from simple and benign etiologies to life-threatening conditions requiring emergent intervention. Both congenital and acquired conditions can result in airway obstruction at various levels, and due to the high risk of acute decompensation associated with some of these conditions, rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential. This review covers assessment and stabilization, diagnosis, and treatment of foreign-body aspiration, croup, bacterial tracheitis, epiglottitis, peritonsillar abscess, and retropharyngeal abscess. Figures show a diagram of the pediatric airway, an anteroposterior radiograph of the neck demonstrating the characteristic “steeple sign” in croup, an algorithm for the treatment of croup, lateral radiographs demonstrating a thickened epiglottis, consistent with a diagnosis of epiglottitis,  and a widening of the prevertebral soft tissues of the neck, consistent with a diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess. Tables list causes of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, symptoms of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, severity of croup, and microbiology of deep neck abscesses.   This review contains 5 figures, 13 tables, and 32 references Key words: Upper airway obstruction; Pediatric upper airway obstruction, Foreign-body aspiration, Croup, Bacterial tracheitis, Epiglottitis, Peritonsillar abscess, Retropharyngeal abscess, Stridor

Pediatric Upper Airway Obstruction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Chan ◽  
Suzanne M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Retropharyngeal Abscess ◽  
Anatomic Location ◽  
Bacterial Tracheitis

Upper airway obstruction is a common reason that children present for emergency care, and causes range from simple and benign etiologies to life-threatening conditions requiring emergent intervention. Both congenital and acquired conditions can result in airway obstruction at various levels, and due to the high risk of acute decompensation associated with some of these conditions, rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential. This review covers assessment and stabilization, diagnosis, and treatment of foreign-body aspiration, croup, bacterial tracheitis, epiglottitis, peritonsillar abscess, and retropharyngeal abscess. Figures show a diagram of the pediatric airway, an anteroposterior radiograph of the neck demonstrating the characteristic “steeple sign” in croup, an algorithm for the treatment of croup, lateral radiographs demonstrating a thickened epiglottis, consistent with a diagnosis of epiglottitis,  and a widening of the prevertebral soft tissues of the neck, consistent with a diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess. Tables list causes of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, symptoms of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, severity of croup, and microbiology of deep neck abscesses.   This review contains 5 figures, 13 tables, and 32 references Key words: Upper airway obstruction; Pediatric upper airway obstruction, Foreign-body aspiration, Croup, Bacterial tracheitis, Epiglottitis, Peritonsillar abscess, Retropharyngeal abscess, Stridor

Pediatric Upper Airway Obstruction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Chan ◽  
Suzanne M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Retropharyngeal Abscess ◽  
Anatomic Location ◽  
Bacterial Tracheitis

Upper airway obstruction is a common reason that children present for emergency care, and causes range from simple and benign etiologies to life-threatening conditions requiring emergent intervention. Both congenital and acquired conditions can result in airway obstruction at various levels, and due to the high risk of acute decompensation associated with some of these conditions, rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential. This review covers assessment and stabilization, diagnosis, and treatment of foreign-body aspiration, croup, bacterial tracheitis, epiglottitis, peritonsillar abscess, and retropharyngeal abscess. Figures show a diagram of the pediatric airway, an anteroposterior radiograph of the neck demonstrating the characteristic “steeple sign” in croup, an algorithm for the treatment of croup, lateral radiographs demonstrating a thickened epiglottis, consistent with a diagnosis of epiglottitis,  and a widening of the prevertebral soft tissues of the neck, consistent with a diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess. Tables list causes of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, symptoms of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, severity of croup, and microbiology of deep neck abscesses.   This review contains 5 figures, 13 tables, and 32 references Key words: Upper airway obstruction; Pediatric upper airway obstruction, Foreign-body aspiration, Croup, Bacterial tracheitis, Epiglottitis, Peritonsillar abscess, Retropharyngeal abscess, Stridor

Pediatric Upper Airway Obstruction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Chan ◽  
Suzanne M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Retropharyngeal Abscess ◽  
Anatomic Location ◽  
Bacterial Tracheitis

Upper airway obstruction is a common reason that children present for emergency care, and causes range from simple and benign etiologies to life-threatening conditions requiring emergent intervention. Both congenital and acquired conditions can result in airway obstruction at various levels, and due to the high risk of acute decompensation associated with some of these conditions, rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential. This review covers assessment and stabilization, diagnosis, and treatment of foreign-body aspiration, croup, bacterial tracheitis, epiglottitis, peritonsillar abscess, and retropharyngeal abscess. Figures show a diagram of the pediatric airway, an anteroposterior radiograph of the neck demonstrating the characteristic “steeple sign” in croup, an algorithm for the treatment of croup, lateral radiographs demonstrating a thickened epiglottis, consistent with a diagnosis of epiglottitis,  and a widening of the prevertebral soft tissues of the neck, consistent with a diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess. Tables list causes of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, symptoms of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, severity of croup, and microbiology of deep neck abscesses.   This review contains 5 figures, 10 tables, and 32 references Key words: Upper airway obstruction; Pediatric upper airway obstruction, Foreign-body aspiration, Croup, Bacterial tracheitis, Epiglottitis, Peritonsillar abscess, Retropharyngeal abscess, Stridor  

Pediatric Upper Airway Obstruction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Chan ◽  
Suzanne M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Retropharyngeal Abscess ◽  
Anatomic Location ◽  
Bacterial Tracheitis

Upper airway obstruction is a common reason that children present for emergency care, and causes range from simple and benign etiologies to life-threatening conditions requiring emergent intervention. Both congenital and acquired conditions can result in airway obstruction at various levels, and due to the high risk of acute decompensation associated with some of these conditions, rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential. This review covers assessment and stabilization, diagnosis, and treatment of foreign-body aspiration, croup, bacterial tracheitis, epiglottitis, peritonsillar abscess, and retropharyngeal abscess. Figures show a diagram of the pediatric airway, an anteroposterior radiograph of the neck demonstrating the characteristic “steeple sign” in croup, an algorithm for the treatment of croup, lateral radiographs demonstrating a thickened epiglottis, consistent with a diagnosis of epiglottitis,  and a widening of the prevertebral soft tissues of the neck, consistent with a diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess. Tables list causes of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, symptoms of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, severity of croup, and microbiology of deep neck abscesses.   This review contains 5 figures, 13 tables, and 32 references Key words: Upper airway obstruction; Pediatric upper airway obstruction, Foreign-body aspiration, Croup, Bacterial tracheitis, Epiglottitis, Peritonsillar abscess, Retropharyngeal abscess, Stridor

scholarly journals Upper Airway Obstruction among the Paediatric Population in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: The Place of Tracheostomy in the Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
M. U. Ibekwe ◽  
Paul Ni
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Respiratory Difficulty ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Paediatric Age

Background: The paediatric age group has very peculiar anatomic and physiologic airways therefore, obstruction which commonly occurs in this population, can pose serious challenges in this age group. Aim: To study the pattern and aetiology of acute upper airway obstruction in the paediatric age group in University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital and to determine the place of tracheostomy in the management. Patients and Methods: It is a descriptive hospital based study of all paediatric patients; aged 0-15 years with upper airway obstruction that presented to the ear, nose and throat department and the children emergency ward of university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital within the period of January 2014 to December 2019. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, causes and management were obtained using a Proforma. The diagnosis of upper airway obstruction is made in a child with any degree of respiratory difficulty with or without associated stridor or stertor arising from lesions above the thoracic inlet. Children with respiratory difficulty other than that from an upper airway obstruction were excluded from the study. Data obtained were analyzed with the IBM statistical package for social sciences SPSS version 20. Results were presented in simple descriptive forms with tables. Results: One hundred and sixty paediatric patients with upper air way obstruction with age ranging from 0-15 years were studied. The prevalence of upper airway obstruction was 1.87%. There were more males than females; male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Age group 4-7 years were the most affected, 43.75%. Foreign body aspiration was the commonest cause. Majority of the patients had tracheostomy done, 48.75%. Mortality was n=1(0.625%). Conclusion: Upper air way obstruction among the paediatric age group is still common with foreign body aspiration as a very important cause in our setting. The very young are the most affected and tracheostomy appears to still be the main option of securing airway in these cases in our environment.

Management of Subglottic Foreign Bodies

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Halvorson ◽  
Christopher Mann ◽  
Robert M. Merritt ◽  
Edward S. Porubsky
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Actual Event

Foreign body aspiration is not an infrequent encounter in the practice of otolaryngology and requires immediate attention. The vast majority of foreign body aspirations occur in children less than 3 years of age, and the actual event of aspiration is frequently not witnessed. Although inhaled foreign bodies most often lodge in the bronchi, laryngotracheal foreign bodies also occur and are potentially more dangerous. Specifically, subglottic foreign bodies present unique clinical challenges. The diagnosis of subglottic foreign bodies is often difficult and they are commonly confused with other causes of upper airway obstruction. We present our experience with the diagnosis and management of seven patients with subglottic foreign bodies, who presented with an abnormal airway and whose problems were initially misdiagnosed. The radiographic and clinical features are discussed with a review of our surgical management.

Upper airway obstruction

2020 ◽  
pp. 4040-4048
Author(s):  
James H. Hull ◽  
Matthew Hind
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Tracheal Stenosis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Retropharyngeal Abscess ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

The upper airway is anatomically defined by the carina inferiorly and pharynx superiorly, with pathology predominately arising from the trachea and larynx. Obstruction of the upper airway may arise because of a fixed structural pathology such as tracheal stenosis or malignancy, but can arise following loss of normal function (e.g. inappropriate vocal cord adduction). A high index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis because the clinical features of upper airway obstruction can mimic other respiratory conditions. Calculation of the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to peak expiratory flow (Empey index) may identify patients with unsuspected upper airway obstruction. Acute upper airway obstruction is a medical emergency and usually caused by aspiration, oedema (allergic, hereditary, and acquired angio-oedema, smoke inhalation), or infection (croup, epiglottitis, quinsy, retropharyngeal abscess). Non-acute causes of upper airway obstruction include malignancy, tracheal stenosis, tracheal compression, dynamic large airway collapse, and laryngeal dysfunction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document