The Unavoidable Metaphor of Memorial Architecture: The Boundaries and Event-Space of Chernobyl Reactor No. 4

<p>In the design of memorial architecture, there is encountered an overuse of literal metaphor in order to translate difficult concepts into the built form. These metaphors are explored in contemporary examples of memorial and hybrid-memorial typologies. Within Chernobyl, there is a set of criteria that enable these metaphorical interpretations to operate on a more complex level, and allow the act of memorialising a truer response. The unique conditions contained within the reactor allow for a reinterpretation of architectural process, which is already realised by the existing Sarcophagus - a reactive memorial itself, designed to entomb the burnt core and its radioactive properties. As such, the reactor and its attached site can no longer be re-used in any functional capacity; the proposed memorial embraces these criteria, exploiting phenomenological thought in order to locate a set of boundary conditions. This creates an event-space - that being the location of inhabitable architecture within the reactor. Event-space exists between the boundaries established, which is a conceptual entity that is able exist in reality, and enable flashes of the past events to surface, which are interpreted by the memorial inhabitants. The memorial uses this event-space, within the sites absence of function, to locate the actual event of the disaster in the past. This fragile undertaking is achieved by placing greater responsibility on architecture to mediate the design of memorial, and remove external influences that halt this process.</p>

The Unavoidable Metaphor of Memorial Architecture: The Boundaries and Event-Space of Chernobyl Reactor No. 4

<p>In the design of memorial architecture, there is encountered an overuse of literal metaphor in order to translate difficult concepts into the built form. These metaphors are explored in contemporary examples of memorial and hybrid-memorial typologies. Within Chernobyl, there is a set of criteria that enable these metaphorical interpretations to operate on a more complex level, and allow the act of memorialising a truer response. The unique conditions contained within the reactor allow for a reinterpretation of architectural process, which is already realised by the existing Sarcophagus - a reactive memorial itself, designed to entomb the burnt core and its radioactive properties. As such, the reactor and its attached site can no longer be re-used in any functional capacity; the proposed memorial embraces these criteria, exploiting phenomenological thought in order to locate a set of boundary conditions. This creates an event-space - that being the location of inhabitable architecture within the reactor. Event-space exists between the boundaries established, which is a conceptual entity that is able exist in reality, and enable flashes of the past events to surface, which are interpreted by the memorial inhabitants. The memorial uses this event-space, within the sites absence of function, to locate the actual event of the disaster in the past. This fragile undertaking is achieved by placing greater responsibility on architecture to mediate the design of memorial, and remove external influences that halt this process.</p>

Konsep Tuhan dan Agama Menurut Alfred North Whitehead

This article discusses the concept of God and religion according to Alfred North Whitehead's process philosophy. The main issue is how to describe Whitehead's concept of God and its implications for religious life. Whitehead's critique of scientific materialism is an entry point to understand the characteristics of his thought. This criticism leads to Whitehead's cosmology in which each actual entity is in the process of becoming. God is not excluded from this cosmological scheme. In this way of thinking, God is the source of eternal objects or values. God experiences every actual event that occurs in the temporal world. Thus, God can be understood from two perspectives: the former refers to a cosmological frame, while the latter refers to religious experience. In Whitehead's language, God has two distinct natures, a primordial nature, and a consequent nature. From the perspective of religious life, Whitehead's concept of God seems to put more emphasis on divine immanence.

Assessing the validity of dual-minima algorithm for heel-strike and toe-off prediction for the amputee population

Assessment of gait deficits relies on accurate gait segmentation based on the key gait events of heel strike (HS) and toe-off (TO). Kinematics-based estimation of gait events has shown promise in this regard especially using the leg velocity signal and gyroscopic sensors. However, its validation for the amputee population is not established in the literature. The goal of this study is to assess the accuracy of lower-leg angular velocity signal in determining the TO and HS instants for the amputee population. An open data set containing marker data of 10 subjects with unilateral transfemoral amputation during treadmill walking was used. A rule-based dual-minima algorithm was developed to detect the landmarks in the shank velocity signal indicating TO and HS events. The predictions were compared against the force platform data for 2595 walking cycles from 239 walking trials. Results showed considerable accuracy for the HS with a median error of -1ms. The TO prediction error was larger with the median ranging from 35-84ms. The algorithm consistently predicted the TO earlier than the actual event. Significant differences were found between the prediction accuracy for the sound and prosthetic legs. The prediction accuracy was also affected by the subjects’ mobility level (K-level) but was largely unaffected by gait speed. In conclusion, the leg velocity profile during walking can predict the heel-strike and toe-off events for the transfemoral amputee population with varying degrees of accuracy depending upon the leg side and amputee’s functional ability level.

Insights of the Olympics: Athens to Rio

The Olympics is one of the eye-catching platforms for the sports community as well as sports’ lovers in the 21st Century. Sports also adopted the marvelous advancements that took place in vivid fields of technologies. In this modern era of analytics, every category demands prior research before indulging in the actual event. The sports analysis is the primary focus of this paper which mainly displays analysis of comprehensive data about different sport events involved in Olympics taking place from its beginning to the year 2016. The changing time brings new challenges and understanding the tactics along with the playing style of the opponent has become a necessity which basically constitutes to sports analytics. The analysis of the Olympics revealed certain riveting and fascinating facts referring to different aspects and areas. Numerous captivating results can be observed after carrying out research and analysis over the dataset of the Olympics. The analysis implies survey of age wise distribution of the competitors along with the winners' age classification. The medals tally list of countries with respective medals won till Rio Olympics is displayed and studied. In addition, the different venues which hosted the Olympics along with their respective year and number of participants is listed. The competitors with highest numbers of medals also contribute to our research's aim. The Indian Olympic medalists are also focused keeping their participation and winning ratio in consideration. With our research, we would like to light up unexposed and unexplored gospel. Keywords: Statistical Data, Sports Analytics, Data visualization, Factors, The Olympics

Research on hesitant fuzzy matroid based on satisfaction function

In this paper, we mainly extended the study of fuzzy matroid related problems to research the fuzzy decision method. Considering the ambiguity of actual event information and evaluation, we chose hesitant fuzzy set as the extended data set. To construct the hesitant fuzzy matroid, we defined the satisfaction function of hesitant fuzzy set combining hesitant fuzzy index entropy and score function, and defined the mapping function of fuzzy matroid through this function. We also defined the algorithm of hesitant fuzzy matroid and proved the theory of rank, basis of hesitant fuzzy matroid.

The Buddha’s Awakening

A comparative study of early Buddhist textual accounts of the Buddha’s awakening helps to put into perspective the impression that these texts present competing theories of liberating insight and realization. Although the actual event of awakening would be a non-conceptual breakthrough to the experience of Nirvana, its ramifications can be expressed with the diagnostic scheme of four truths, as a way of conveying in words what in principle is beyond words.

White Cannibalism in the Illegal Slave Trade

The Portuguese schooner Arrogante was captured in late November 1837 by HMS Snake, off the coast of Cuba. At the time, the Arrogante had more than 330 Africans on board, who had been shipped from the Upper Guinea coast. Once the vessel arrived in Montego Bay, Jamaica, the British authorities apprenticed those who had survived. Shortly after landing, however, the Arrogante’s sailors were accused of slaughtering an African man, cooking his flesh, and forcing the rest of those enslaved on board to eat it. Furthermore, they were also accused of cooking and eating themselves the heart and liver of the same man. This article focuses not so much on the actual event, as on the transatlantic process that followed, during which knowledge was produced and contested, and relative meanings and predetermined cultural notions associated with Europeans and Africans were probed and queried.

The Corpse: Time for Another Look A Review of the Culture of Embalming, Viewing and the Social Construction

Embalming of the dead is more common in the United States than anywhere else in the world. Battles far from home during the Civil War with concern for contagion from dead bodies being shipped home compelled President Lincoln to direct the troops to use embalming to allow the return of the Union dead to their homes. Viewings were common with war heroes and culminated with the viewing of Lincoln himself. In the 20th century embalming became a tradition despite substantial evidence indicating environmental and occupational hazards related to embalming fluids and carbon dioxide generated from manufacturing steel coffins before placing in concrete burial vaults. Embalming is promoted and considered helpful to the grieving process. Embalmers are expected to produce an illusion of rest, an image that in some ways disguises death for the benefit of mourners. The dead are carefully displayed in a condition of liminal repose where the ‘true’ condition is hidden, and death is removed from the actual event. In this paper we highlight the spiritual and cultural complexities of embalming related issues. We propose an innovative process to empower people facing serious illness, and their families to make shared and informed decisions, especially when death is an expected outcome.

Deixis as a category of journalist’s mental space in reportage message

This article systematically analyzes the cognitive structure of discursive deixis. The category of deixis is interpreted in terms of structuring actual events in reportage messages and texts, an impartial representation of objective reality as an epistemological entity reproduced and changed by the journalist. Deixis is interpreted as a pragmatic category that is structured around the corresponding ideal cognitive model, measured on the prototypical scale, since it is implemented based on nuclear and peripheral means of expression. It is argued that deictic means reproduce specific mental spaces in reportage texts, while the metaphorical generating basis for discursive deixis is spatial deixis. The functioning of discursive deixis is based on the metaphorical awareness of the reportage text as an epistemological entity unfolding in space and time. In the reportage narration, the journalist shifts the deictic center from the situation in objective reality to the textual embodiment of the image of himself / herself. In this case, the category of locativity is represented as a cognitive structure that captures the spatio-temporal characteristics of an actual event through the prism of journalistic perception. Based on these characteristics, the reader localizes this event, interprets it in terms of the general event canvas unfolding in objective reality. In the reportage text, the deictic center is not static: the detail of the actual event is carried out, among other things, by means of shifts in this center. Current events are reproduced by the journalist taking into account specific spatial and temporal parameters. These events are often considered against the background of previous or subsequent (hypothetical) eventfulness, and therefore shifts in the original deictic center of the reportage text are a natural phenomenon.