Management of Pediatric Urolithiasis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Young ◽  
Rohit Tejwani ◽  
Michael E. Lipkin ◽  
Jonathan C. Routh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Operative Techniques ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Work Up

Urolithiasis, the formation or presence of calculi in the urinary tract, is a broad term covering a multifaceted disease process with wide-ranging clinical and economic implications. Stones, often originating in the renal papillae, may be found from the renal parenchyma through the renal pelvis, ureter, or bladder. Stones can be composed of a multitude of molecules either in pure form or mixtures of several compounds. Historically considered a disease of adults, the prevalence of stones has increased among children. This review highlights pathophysiology of urolithiasis, common clinical presentations, work-up, and surgical and medical management of this increasingly common pediatric condition. The authors review the chemical pathways by which stones form, common stone types, common operative techniques, and epidemiology. This review contains 4 tables, and 59 references. Key Words: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, kidney stones, lithotripsy, nephrolithiasis, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, pediatrics, renal calculi, ureteroscopy, urolithiasis

scholarly journals Jackstone in the Kidney: An Unusual Calculus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Serozsha Goonewardena ◽  
Umesh Jayarajah ◽  
Sanka Nalinda Kuruppu ◽  
Manoj Hilary Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Outflow Obstruction ◽  
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery ◽  
Radiological Investigation ◽  
Characteristic Appearance

Jackstones are stones in the urinary tract that have the characteristic appearance resembling six-pointed toy jacks. They are nearly always reported to occur in the urinary bladder, and the occurrence in less capacious renal pelvis is unusual. We report a solitary, typical jackstone in the renal pelvis without significant outflow obstruction that was successfully treated with retrograde intrarenal surgery followed by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. This highlights the complex pathophysiological mechanisms in stone formation which needs to be further studied. It is important to recognize the characteristic shape of the renal calculi on the radiological investigation in the diagnosis of the jackstones.

Complex cystine kidney stones treated with combined robot-assisted laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and intraoperative renoscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Meggiato ◽  
Francesco Cattaneo ◽  
Fabio Zattoni ◽  
Fabrizio Dal Moro ◽  
Paolo Beltrami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Intraoperative Bleeding ◽  
Laparoscopic Pyelolithotomy ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Hospital Referral ◽  
Combined Technique ◽  
Rare Autosomal Recessive Disease

Introduction: Cystinuria, a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by a defect in cystine renal reabsorption, can often determine complex cystine renal calculi, leading to important complications such as urinary obstruction, urinary infections, and impaired kidney function. Complex kidney stones can have a difficult management and can be very arduous to treat. Case description: We present the case of a 20-year-old Jeowah’s witness woman with complex cystine renal stones treated with combined robot-assisted laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and intraoperative renoscopy. Conclusions: The combination of robot-assisted laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and intraoperative renoscopy can be useful to achieve an immediate high stone clearance rate also in complex renal stones. This combined technique could be indicated to minimize intraoperative bleeding. Moreover, it can also be used in pediatric cases or when there is no ureteral compliance. However, this strategy can be performed only in hospital referral centers by expert surgeons.

scholarly journals Lower Urinary Tract Neoplasia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Griffin ◽  
William Culp ◽  
Robert Rebhun
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Comparative Model ◽  
Lower Urinary

Lower urinary tract neoplasia in companion animals is a debilitating and often life-threatening disease. Tumors of the bladder, urethra, and prostate often occur independently, although extension of these tumors into adjacent regions of the lower urinary tract is documented frequently. The most common lower urinary tract tumor in dogs and cats is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). In both dogs and cats, TCC affecting the urinary bladder is generally considered to be highly aggressive with both local and metastatic disease potential, and this disease poses unique treatment challenges. Whereas much literature exists regarding the TCC disease process, treatment options, and prognosis in dogs, relatively few studies on feline TCC have been published due to the lower incidence of TCC in this species. Prostate tumors, most commonly adenocarcinomas, occur less commonly in dogs and cats but serve an important role as a comparative model for prostate neoplasia in humans. This article serves as a review of the current information regarding canine and feline lower urinary tract neoplasia as well as the relevance of these diseases with respect to their human counterparts.

scholarly journals The effect of renal cortical thickness on the treatment outcomes of kidney stones treated with shockwave lithotripsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Fai Ng ◽  
Sylvia Luke ◽  
Peter K.F. Chiu ◽  
Jeremy Y.C. Teoh ◽  
Ka-Tak Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy

Substernal goitre presenting with upper and lower extremity oedema

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e245036
Author(s):  
Rebekah LeAnn Bennett Daggett ◽  
Daniel Farishta ◽  
Hugo Cuellar ◽  
Cherie-Ann O Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Left Innominate Vein ◽  
Home Placement ◽  
Work Up

Substernal goitre is characterised by compressive symptoms of the airway and oesophagus. Chronic, progressive symptoms usually result in surgical removal. We report a rare presentation of substernal goitre in a male in his early 70s who suffered from severe bilateral lower extremity (LE) lymphoedema, resulting in immobility and nursing home placement, and left upper extremity lymphoedema. Our initial assessment led to a filariasis work-up, which was negative, due to the patient’s prior 2-year residence in India and service overseas. Chest CT scan revealed an incidental substernal goitre extending posterior to the left innominate vein and aortic arch to the level of the left mainstem bronchus. The patient underwent a left hemithyroidectomy via cervical excision and sternotomy and had an uneventful recovery with resolution of lymphoedema and mobility. Despite extensive literature regarding clinical presentations of substernal goitre, severe lymphoedema of the LE is not a well-established association.

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