scholarly journals Jackstone in the Kidney: An Unusual Calculus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Serozsha Goonewardena ◽  
Umesh Jayarajah ◽  
Sanka Nalinda Kuruppu ◽  
Manoj Hilary Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Outflow Obstruction ◽  
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery ◽  
Radiological Investigation ◽  
Characteristic Appearance

Jackstones are stones in the urinary tract that have the characteristic appearance resembling six-pointed toy jacks. They are nearly always reported to occur in the urinary bladder, and the occurrence in less capacious renal pelvis is unusual. We report a solitary, typical jackstone in the renal pelvis without significant outflow obstruction that was successfully treated with retrograde intrarenal surgery followed by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. This highlights the complex pathophysiological mechanisms in stone formation which needs to be further studied. It is important to recognize the characteristic shape of the renal calculi on the radiological investigation in the diagnosis of the jackstones.

Management of Pediatric Urolithiasis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Young ◽  
Rohit Tejwani ◽  
Michael E. Lipkin ◽  
Jonathan C. Routh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Operative Techniques ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Work Up

Urolithiasis, the formation or presence of calculi in the urinary tract, is a broad term covering a multifaceted disease process with wide-ranging clinical and economic implications. Stones, often originating in the renal papillae, may be found from the renal parenchyma through the renal pelvis, ureter, or bladder. Stones can be composed of a multitude of molecules either in pure form or mixtures of several compounds. Historically considered a disease of adults, the prevalence of stones has increased among children. This review highlights pathophysiology of urolithiasis, common clinical presentations, work-up, and surgical and medical management of this increasingly common pediatric condition. The authors review the chemical pathways by which stones form, common stone types, common operative techniques, and epidemiology. This review contains 4 tables, and 59 references. Key Words: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, kidney stones, lithotripsy, nephrolithiasis, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, pediatrics, renal calculi, ureteroscopy, urolithiasis

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STONES IN CASES OF URINARY TRACT CALCULUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teffy Anish Roy ◽  
Gourav Saxena ◽  
Atul Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Urinary Tract Calculus

Background & Method: The present study was conducted at Department of General Surgery, Index Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, Indore (M.P.). A total of 30 study subjects (post operated cases of urolithiasis) were selected from the surgical ward in Index Hospital from period of 12 months with an aim to Biochemical Analysis of Stones in cases of Urinary Tract Calculus. Result: A total of 46 renal stones were analyzed, from 30 patients. In 30 patients, 18 were Males and 12 Females. The Bio-chemical analysis of renal stones revealed the presence of mixed stones with highest present of Calcium Oxalate stones, followed by uric acid stones. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that in Index Medical College and Hospital a significant proportion of renal stones were containing calcium oxalate as constituent and were non phosphate in composition. The study concluded that the biochemical composition of renal calculi is important during the treatment of renal stone disease and reducing the recurrence by avoiding promoters of stone formation. Keywords: Biochemical, Stones, Urinary Tract & Calculus.

Kidney and Urinary Tract Polyomavirus Infection and Distribution: Molecular Biology Investigation of 10 Consecutive Autopsies

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo Boldorini ◽  
Claudia Veggiani ◽  
Diana Barco ◽  
Guido Monga
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Human Polyomavirus

Abstract Context.—Distinct human polyomavirus genotypes cause different diseases in patients with renal transplants: BK virus (BKV) causes tubulointerstitial nephritis and ureteral stenosis, whereas both JC virus (JCV) and BKV are responsible for hemorrhagic cystitis. These findings could result from a selective infection of kidney and urinary tract segments by JCV or BKV. Objective.—To verify this hypothesis, 10 complete, unselected, consecutive autopsies from 9 immunocompetent patients and 1 patient affected by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were investigated. Design.—Samples from kidneys (n = 80), renal pelvis (n = 20), ureter (n = 40), and urinary bladder (n = 30) obtained from 10 consecutive autopsies were investigated by means of multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction to detect polyomavirus DNA and to distinguish different species of the Polyomavirus genus. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were also carried out to define the viral status of the infected tissues. Results.—Polyomavirus DNA was detected in all of the subjects (positive samples ranging from 2 to 7 samples), for a total of 43 of 170 samples (25.3%), distributed as follows: urinary bladder (10/30, 33%), renal pelvis (6/20, 30%), ureter (10/40, 25%), and kidney tissue (17/80, 21%). We found that JCV was most frequently detected overall (23/43 samples, 53.5%) and was also detected most frequently within the kidney (8/17 positive samples, 47%), the renal pelvis (5/6 positive samples, 70%), and the ureter (7/10 positive samples, 70%), whereas BKV was found in 14 samples (32.5%), and it was the prevailing genotype in urinary bladder (6/10 positive samples, 60%). Coinfection of BKV-JCV was found in 6 samples (14%). Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization returned negative results. Conclusions.—The viruses JCV and BKV latently persist randomly in kidney and urinary tract. Distinct diseases induced by them could be related more closely to molecular viral rearrangements than to the topographic distribution of latent viruses.

Carcinomas of the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder arise by similar carcinogenic pathways: A pathoepidemiological analysis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 403-403
Author(s):  
Amanda Nizam ◽  
Donald Henson ◽  
Jeanny B. Aragon-Ching
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epithelial Cancers ◽  
Graphic Analysis ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis

403 Background: Urothelial carcinomas comprise the most common malignant tumors in the urinary tract. Kidney epithelial cancers, on the other hand, have a different pathoepidemiologic incidence and characteristics. We report a population-based analysis of the histopathology of upper and lower urinary tract cancers as an approach to exploring the relationship of tumors that share similar morphologic phenotypes. Our results depend on observations made 65 years ago that age of diagnosis and age specific incidence rates generated straight lines when plotted as logarithms. Methods: Data from 2000 through 2014 from the SEER Program were used to calculate incidence rates of renal, renal pelvis, ureter and urinary bladder cancers. Graphic plots of the epidemiologic patterns were analyzed relating to incidence and age-specific rates of these upper and lower tract carcinomas. The graphic analysis included evaluation of age frequency density plots and double logarithmic plots (log-log) of age-specific incidence rates and age at diagnosis. Results: Cancers of the kidney are initially more frequent than cancers of the urinary bladder, but after age 60, cancers of the bladder become more common with age-specific rates rapidly rising in all age groups. The age frequency density plot for renal cancers peaks earlier, around age 60, indicating a potentially different tumorigenic process. While the log-log plots reveal near parallel proportional rate patterns for cancers of the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder, while the rate for the cancer of the kidney was not parallel on inspection. Similar slopes indicate that cancer incidence is increasing at near similar rates regardless of the incidence of each cancer. Thus, the percentage change per unit time for cancers of the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder is comparable. Conclusions: Tumors that arise from the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder are pathogenically related and share a common carcinogenic field based on pathoepidemiologic analyses.

scholarly journals Sonogram Ginjal dan Kantung Kemih Berdasarkan Variasi Bentukan Urolit pada Anjing (SONOGRAM OF KIDNEY AND URINARY BLADDER BASED ON SHAPE VARIATION OF UROLITH IN DOG)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Grace Tabitha Tenggi Olihta Simatupang ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Sudisma ◽  
I Putu Gede Yudhi Arjentinia
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
The Relationship

Urolithiasis is a condition of the presence of urine stones (urolite), crystals, or sediments in the urinary tract system. The urinary tract system that is prone to urolithiasis includes the kidney, ureter, can be found in the bladder (bladder), and in the urethra in excessive amounts. This study aims to analyze the relationship between urolite formation that occurs in the bladder and urolite formation that occurs in the kidneys through ultrasound examination. This study used 15 dogs indicated by urolithiasis. Ultrasonography shows urolites, crystals and sediments in the bladder sonogram and in the kidneys. Kidney sonograms and bladder sacs refer to the occurrence of urolithiasis in the bladder which will always be followed by the occurrence of urolithiasis in the kidneys. Generally urolites are in the mucosa and bladder lumen while the kidneys are in the medulla and renal pelvis. There are several sonograms showing the buildup only occurs in one part both in the bladder and also in the kidneys. The presence of urolite in the mucous portion of the bladder is due to the gravitational force. Whereas clumps of cloud in the form of debris cells found in the lumen occur due to agitation and contraction of the bladder therefore that urolites are mixed with urine. The renal medulla and pelvis in the kidneys are channels of filtration in the kidney urinary tract. This results in a large urolithic buildup due to filtration when the urine is delivered to the bladder. 

Upper Urinary Tract Adenocarcinoma Arising in Tubular Adenoma—A Rare Entity: Report of 2 Cases and Review of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-315
Author(s):  
Kaniyappan Nambiyar ◽  
Tushar Pandey ◽  
Debajyoti Chatterjee ◽  
Uma N. Saikia ◽  
Ravimohan S. Mavuduru
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Horseshoe Kidney ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Tubular Adenoma ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Right

Tubular adenoma of the urinary tract is a recently recognized entity, and there is a paucity of clinicopathological information. We describe 2 rare cases of adenocarcinoma of upper urinary tract arising in the background of tubular adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. The first case was an extremely uncommon combination of multifocal tubular adenomas involving ureter and renal pelvis and adenocarcinoma of kidney in a patient with renal calculi. The second case was of adenocarcinoma of kidney arising from tubular adenoma of renal pelvis in the right moiety of horseshoe kidney. There was no microsatellite instability. These findings indicate, probably, an adenoma-carcinoma pathway is also followed in the urinary tract similar to the gastrointestinal tract. To the best of our knowledge, no such observations are reported in the English literature previously.

scholarly journals Risk of Cancer after Lower Urinary Tract Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Huang ◽  
Ying-Hsiang Chou ◽  
Han-Wei Yeh ◽  
Jing-Yang Huang ◽  
Shun-Fa Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Urinary

To investigate the association among lower urinary tract infection (UTI), the type and timing of antibiotic usage, and the subsequent risk of developing cancers, especially genitourinary cancers (GUC), in Taiwan. This retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using 2009–2013 data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. This study enrolled patients who were diagnosed with a UTI between 2010 and 2012. A 1:2 propensity score-matched control population without UTI served as the control group. Multivariate analysis with a multiple Cox regression model was applied to analyze the data. A total of 38,084 patients with UTI were included in the study group, and 76,168 participants without UTI were included in the control group. The result showed a higher hazard ratio of any cancer in both sexes with UTI (for males, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12–1.54; for females, aHR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.08–1.35). Patients with UTI had a higher probability of developing new GUC than those without UTI. Moreover, the genital organs, kidney, and urinary bladder of men were significantly more affected than those of women with prior UTI. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment for more than 7 days associated the incidence of bladder cancer in men (7–13 days, aHR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.50–3.02; >14 days, aHR = 2.73, CI = 1.32–5.64). In conclusion, UTI is significantly related to GUC and may serve as an early sign of GUC, especially in the male genital organs, prostate, kidney, and urinary bladder. During UTI treatment, physicians should cautiously prescribe antibiotics to patients.

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