Biomechanical characterization of the periodontal ligament: Orthodontic tooth movement

ABSTRACT Objective: To quantify the biomechanical properties of the bovine periodontal ligament (PDL) in postmortem sections and to apply these properties to study orthodontic tooth intrusion using finite element analysis (FEA). We hypothesized that PDL's property inherited heterogeneous (anatomical dependency) and nonlinear stress-strain behavior that could aid FEA to delineate force vectors with various rectangular archwires. Materials and Methods: A dynamic mechanical analyzer was used to quantify the stress-strain behavior of bovine PDL. Uniaxial tension tests using three force levels (0.5, 1, and 3 N) and samples from two anatomical locations (circumferential and longitudinal) were performed to calculate modulus. The Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic (MRH) model was applied to the experimental data and used in an FEA of orthodontic intrusion rebounded via a 0.45-mm step bend with three archwire configurations of two materials (stainless steel and TMA). Results: Force levels and anatomical location were statistically significant in their effects on modulus (P < .05). The apical part had a greater stiffness than did the middle part. The MRH model was found to approximate the experimental data well (r = 0.99), and it demonstrated a reasonable stress-strain outcome within the PDL and bone for FEA intrusion simulation. The force acting on the tooth increased five times from the 0.016 × 0.022-inch TMA to the 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel. Conclusions: The PDL is a nonhomogeneous tissue in which the modulus changed in relation to location. PDL nonlinear constitutive model estimated quantitative force vectors for the first time to compare intrusive tooth movement in 3-D space in response to various rectangular archwires.

Download Full-text

Cord/Rubber Material Properties

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3536096 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 830-856 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

R. J. Cembrola ◽

T. J. Dudek

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Material Model ◽

Rubber Composites ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Rubber Layer ◽

Strain Behavior ◽

Nonlinear Stress ◽

Interlaminar Shear ◽

Mechanics Of Composite Materials

Abstract Recent developments in nonlinear finite element methods (FEM) and mechanics of composite materials have made it possible to handle complex tire mechanics problems involving large deformations and moderate strains. The development of an accurate material model for cord/rubber composites is a necessary requirement for the application of these powerful finite element programs to practical problems but involves numerous complexities. Difficulties associated with the application of classical lamination theory to cord/rubber composites were reviewed. The complexity of the material characterization of cord/rubber composites by experimental means was also discussed. This complexity arises from the highly anisotropic properties of twisted cords and the nonlinear stress—strain behavior of the laminates. Micromechanics theories, which have been successfully applied to hard composites (i.e., graphite—epoxy) have been shown to be inadequate in predicting some of the properties of the calendered fabric ply material from the properties of the cord and rubber. Finite element models which include an interply rubber layer to account for the interlaminar shear have been shown to give a better representation of cord/rubber laminate behavior in tension and bending. The application of finite element analysis to more refined models of complex structures like tires, however, requires the development of a more realistic material model which would account for the nonlinear stress—strain properties of cord/rubber composites.

Download Full-text

Differentiation of Noisy Experimental Data for Interpretation of Nonlinear Stress-Strain Behavior

Journal of Engineering Mechanics ◽

10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1998)124:7(705) ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 124 (7) ◽

pp. 705-712 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Xiang-Song Li ◽

Jun Yang ◽

Hanlong Liu

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Strain Behavior ◽

Nonlinear Stress

Download Full-text

Nonlinear stress-strain behavior of periodontal ligament under orthodontic loading

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.1067/mod.2002.124997 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 122 (2) ◽

pp. 174-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Stephanie R. Toms ◽

Jack E. Lemons ◽

Alfred A. Bartolucci ◽

Alan W. Eberhardt

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Strain Behavior ◽

Nonlinear Stress

Download Full-text

Analysis of Nonlinear Stress—Strain Relationship of Large Elastic Deformation of Rubber and Studies on Rubber—Rubber Composites

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538583 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 696-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amalendu Sarkar ◽

Debashis Dutta ◽

Anil K. Bhowmick ◽

Swapan Majumdar

Keyword(s):

Stress Concentration ◽

Stress Distribution ◽

Crack Tip ◽

Deformation Pattern ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Strain Behavior ◽

Nonlinear Stress ◽

Strain Relationship ◽

Type Composite

Abstract 1. A computer program based on the numerical method of finite-element analysis using Rivlin-Saunder's equation has been developed for the calculation of nonlinear stress-strain behavior of rubber. 2. The experimental stress-strain relationship can be predicted from the above theory. 3. The theoretical deformation pattern of a binary joint composite is in qualitative agreement with the experimental findings. 4. The stress-distribution pattern of the binary joints is largely dependent upon the geometry of the composite. The stress distribution of the transverse-type composite follows a linear relationship, while for the radial type composite, it increases gradually and reaches a maximum value at the bondline junction, then it again decreases with further increments in value of the y-axis. 5. The more acute the joint angle is, the higher is the stress concentration at the angle tip. 6. The higher the difference in the modulus value across the interface, the higher is the shear stress at the junction and the lower the tensile strength. 7. For transverse type composites, the stress concentration at the crack tip near to the edge is much higher than that at the crack tip near the bondline. 8. In the case of adhesively bonded joints, the stresses along the bondline decrease with the increase in distance away from the crack front.

Download Full-text

Finite Element Analysis of Mandibular Anterior Teeth with Healthy, but Reduced Periodontium

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11093824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3824

Author(s):

Ioana-Andreea Sioustis ◽

Mihai Axinte ◽

Marius Prelipceanu ◽

Alexandra Martu ◽

Diana-Cristala Kappenberg-Nitescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Finite Element ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Real Data ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Applied Forces ◽

Orthodontic Forces

Finite element analysis studies have been of interest in the field of orthodontics and this is due to the ability to study the stress in the bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), teeth and the displacement in the bone by using this method. Our study aimed to present a method that determines the effect of applying orthodontic forces in bodily direction on a healthy and reduced periodontium and to demonstrate the utility of finite element analysis. Using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of a patient with a healthy and reduced periodontium, we modeled the geometric construction of the contour of the elements necessary for the study. Afterwards, we applied a force of 1 N and a force of 0.8 N in order to achieve bodily movement and to analyze the stress in the bone, in the periodontal ligament and the absolute displacement. The analysis of the applied forces showed that a minimal ligament thickness is correlated with the highest value of the maximum stress in the PDL and a decreased displacement. This confirms the results obtained in previous clinical practice, confirming the validity of the simulation. During orthodontic tooth movement, the morphology of the teeth and of the periodontium should be taken into account. The effect of orthodontic forces on a particular anatomy could be studied using FEA, a method that provides real data. This is necessary for proper treatment planning and its particularization depends on the patient’s particular situation.

Download Full-text