scholarly journals Three-dimensional analysis of upper airway morphology in skeletal Class III patients with and without mandibular asymmetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wen ◽  
Xiyu Wang ◽  
Shuqi Qin ◽  
Lorenzo Franchi ◽  
Yan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Subgroup Ii ◽  
Group D ◽  
Inferior Limit

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the upper airway in skeletal Class III patients with and without mandibular asymmetry and to investigate the possible underlying correlations between the morphology of the upper airway and mandibular deviation. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography images of 54 subjects with skeletal Class III malocclusion (ANB angle ≤ 0.4°, Wits ≤ −5.5°) were taken and 3D upper airway models were reconstructed using Dolphin 3D software. According to the distance (d) from symphysis menti to the sagittal plane, all subjects were divided into a symmetry group (d ≤ 2 mm) and an asymmetry group (d ≥ 4 mm). Based on the severity of mandibular deviation, the asymmetry group was divided into subgroup I (4 mm ≤d <10 mm) and subgroup II (d ≥ 10 mm). Cross-sectional linear distances, areas, and volumetric variables of the upper airway were measured in the 3D airway model. Results: Width of the inferior limit of the glossopharynx (P3W), cross-sectional area of the anterior limit of the nasal airway (P5S), and height of the glossopharynx (GPH) in the asymmetry group were significantly larger than in the symmetry group. As for subjects with severe mandibular deviation in subgroup II (d ≥ 10 mm), volume of the glossopharynx (GPV), total volume of the pharynx (TPV), length of the inferior limit of the velopharynx (P2L), and ratio of length to width of the inferior limit of the velopharynx (P2L/P2W) showed significantly negative correlations with mandibular deviation (r > 0.7, P < .05). Conclusions: In Class III subjects with severe mandibular asymmetry, the pharyngeal airway showed a tendency toward constriction and presented a more elliptical shape as mandibular deviation became more severe (P < .01).

Upper Airway 3D Changes of Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate After Orthognathic Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia Sayako Yatabe-Ioshida ◽  
Letícia Dominguez Campos ◽  
Renato Yassukata Yaedu ◽  
Ivy Kiemle Trindade-Suedam
Keyword(s):  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to 3-dimensionally assess the airway characteristics of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) who underwent orthognathic surgery. Design: This was a retrospective study. Setting: The study took place at a national referral center for cleft lip and palate rehabilitation. Patients and Participants: The sample comprised cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans obtained before and after orthognathic surgery of 15 individuals (30 CBCT scans), divided into 2 groups: UCLP group (n = 9 patients/18 CBCT scans) and BCLP group (n = 6/12 CBCT scans). All patients had a nonsyndromic UCLP or BCLP and a skeletal class III malocclusion at the preoperative period. Interventions: Airway volume, pharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area (mCSA), location of mCSA, sella-nasion-A point (SNA) and sella-nasion-B point (SNB) angles, and condylion-A point and condyloid-gnathion linear measurements were assessed in open-source software (ITK-SNAP and SlicerCMF). Main Outcome Measure: Airway dimensions of patients with UCLP and BCLP increase after orthognathic surgery. Results: After orthognathic surgery, UCLP group showed a significant 20% increase in nasopharynx volume. Although not significant, BCLP group also showed an increase of 18% in the same region. Minimal cross-sectional area remained dimensionally stable after surgery and was all located in the oropharynx region, on both groups. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between volume and mCSA on both groups. Conclusion: Overall, individuals with UCLP and BCLP showed an increase in the upper airway after orthognathic surgery and this might explain the breathing and sleep improvements reported by the patients after the surgery.

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Upper Airway in Children of Skeletal Class III

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Weitao Liu ◽  
Weiran Li ◽  
Xuemei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class

scholarly journals Three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology of patients with Angle Class III malocclusion treated with a Frankel III appliance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinan Liu ◽  
Kai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Angle Class ◽  
Angle Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Fränkel Iii ◽  
Angle Class Iii

Abstract Background Angle Class III malocclusion, characterized by a concave profile, can cause serious harm to children’s physical and mental health. The Frankel III appliance is an effective treatment for Angle Class III malocclusion in mixed denition. We explored three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology, after one year of Frankel III appliance treatment, in children with Angle Class III malocclusion. Methods We included 20 children (9 males), aged 8–10 years, with Angle Class III malocclusion from the Orthodontics Department of our hospital. Each child was treated with a Frankel III appliance for one year. Cone beam computed tomography was performed before and after treatment to evaluate three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology. Results After one year of treatment, in the upper airway, we observed significant increases in the nasopharynx volume and height (P < 0.05); the velopharyngeal volume, height, and average cross-sectional area (P < 0.05); the glossopharynx volume and minimum cross-sectional area (P < 0.05); and the laryngopharynx height (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the total upper airway volume, height, and average cross sectional area increased significantly (P < 0.05). An examination of craniomaxillofacial morphology showed significant increases in some bone tissues (P < 0.05) and dental measurements, and a significant reduction in the inclination of the mandibular central incisor (P < 0.05). Conclusion Children with Angle class III malocclusion treated with a Frankel III appliance showed no upper airway narrowing, even after repositioning the mandible posteriorly. Moreover, treatment promoted forward maxilla development and increased its width, in both the dental arch and alveolar bone, which provided a more harmonious craniofacial morphology.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology of patients with Angle Class III malocclusion treated with a Frankel III appliance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinan Liu ◽  
Kai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Angle Class ◽  
Angle Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Fränkel Iii ◽  
Angle Class Iii

Abstract Background Angle Class III malocclusion, characterized by a concave profile, can cause serious harm to children’s physical and mental health. The Frankel III appliance is an effective treatment for Angle Class III malocclusion in mixed denition. We explored three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology, after one year of Frankel III appliance treatment, in children with Angle Class III malocclusion. Methods We included 20 children (9 males), aged 8-10 years, with Angle Class III malocclusion from the Orthodontics Department of our hospital. Each child was treated with a Frankel III appliance for one year. Cone beam computed tomography was performed before and after treatment to evaluate three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology. Results After one year of treatment, in the upper airway, we observed significant increases in the nasopharynx volume and height (P<0.05); the velopharyngeal volume, height, and average cross-sectional area (P<0.05); the glossopharynx volume and minimum cross-sectional area (P<0.05); and the laryngopharynx height (P<0.05). Accordingly, the total upper airway volume, height, and average cross sectional area increased significantly (P<0.05). An examination of craniomaxillofacial morphology showed significant increases in some bone tissues (P<0.05) and dental measurements, and a significant reduction in the inclination of the mandibular central incisor (P<0.05). Conclusion Children with Angle class III malocclusion treated with a Frankel III appliance showed no upper airway narrowing, even after repositioning the mandible posteriorly. Moreover, treatment promoted forward maxilla development and increased its width, in both the dental arch and alveolar bone, which provided a more harmonious craniofacial morphology.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional assessment of the anterior and inferior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve using computed tomography images in patients with and without mandibular asymmetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Young Kim ◽  
Michael D. Han ◽  
Kug Jin Jeon ◽  
Jong-Ki Huh ◽  
Kwang-Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Body

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in configuration and dimensions of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve (ALIAN) in patients with and without mandibular asymmetry. Method Preoperative computed tomography images of patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery from January 2016 to December 2018 at a single institution were analyzed. Subjects were classified into two groups as “Asymmetry group” and “Symmetry group”. The distance from the most anterior and most inferior points of the ALIAN (IANant and IANinf) to the vertical and horizontal reference planes were measured (dAnt and dInf). The distance from IANant and IANinf to the mental foramen were also calculated (dAnt_MF and dInf_MF). The length of the mandibular body and symphysis area were measured. All measurements were analyzed using 3D analysis software. Results There were 57 total eligible subjects. In the Asymmetry group, dAnt and dAnt_MF on the non-deviated side were significantly longer than the deviated side (p < 0.001). dInf_MF on the non-deviated side was also significantly longer than the deviated side (p = 0.001). Mandibular body length was significantly longer on the non-deviated side (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in length in the symphysis area (p = 0.623). In the Symmetry group, there was no difference between the left and right sides for all variables. Conclusion In asymmetric patients, there is a difference tendency in the ALIAN between the deviated and non-deviated sides. In patients with mandibular asymmetry, this should be considered during surgery in the anterior mandible.

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