scholarly journals Visualizing Data Saturation Process in Mapping Site Amplification of Earthquake Ground Motions

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Anirban CHAKRABORTY ◽  
Hiroyuki GOTO
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Saturation Process ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motions ◽  
Data Saturation

scholarly journals Variation of Earthquake Ground Motions with Focus on Site Amplification Factors: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4355-4360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Fukushima ◽  
T. Nagao
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Group Delay Time ◽  
Amplification Factors ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motions ◽  
Design Earthquake

In this paper, an evaluation of the variation of earthquake ground motions with a focus on site amplification factors based on spectral analysis is presented. By using strong motion record obtained at six sites in Japan, probability distributions of site amplification factors were shown. The relations between standard deviations of site amplification factors and distances between the sites were studied. The variations of representative values of earthquake ground motions based on the variations of site amplification factors were discussed by using probabilistic seismic hazard analysis with focus on Fourier amplitude and group delay time. The distributions of peak ground accelerations and peak ground velocities were shown. It is suggested that design earthquake ground motions considering the average site amplification factors may lead the engineering design on the dangerous side.

scholarly journals Source- and Site-Specific Earthquake Ground Motions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 5882-5888
Author(s):  
T. Nagao ◽  
Y. Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motions ◽  
Seismic Amplification

Seismic design is the preparation for earthquake ground motions considering the seismicity and seismic amplification properties of the ground at the target site. However, the effects of source, path, and site amplification characteristics are not sufficiently anticipated in seismic codes. Regarding the source and path characteristics, earthquakes that have the strongest influence on the target site should be considered specifically, and, concerning seismic amplification, the effects of not only a shallow subsurface but also a deep subsurface should be considered. This article takes the design spectra of Japanese highway bridges as an object and compares them with the spectra produced by a ground motion prediction equation and the source- and site-specific spectra evaluated using a state-of-the-art method. The results show that the spectra differ greatly. In this way, the necessity of the application of a state-of-the-art technique in the evaluation of source, path, and site amplification characteristics is demonstrated.

Directivity in NGA Earthquake Ground Motions: Analysis Using Isochrone Theory

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Spudich ◽  
Brian S. J. Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Motion Prediction ◽  
Spectral Acceleration ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Ground Motion Prediction ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motions

We present correction factors that may be applied to the ground motion prediction relations of Abrahamson and Silva, Boore and Atkinson, Campbell and Bozorgnia, and Chiou and Youngs (all in this volume) to model the azimuthally varying distribution of the GMRotI50 component of ground motion (commonly called “directivity”) around earthquakes. Our correction factors may be used for planar or nonplanar faults having any dip or slip rake (faulting mechanism). Our correction factors predict directivity-induced variations of spectral acceleration that are roughly half of the strike-slip variations predicted by Somerville et. al. (1997), and use of our factors reduces record-to-record sigma by about 2–20% at 5 sec or greater period.

Simulating and analyzing artificial nonstationary earthquake ground motions

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-636
Author(s):  
Robert F. Nau ◽  
Robert M. Oliver ◽  
Karl S. Pister
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equations ◽  
Kalman Filters ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Nonparametric Method ◽  
Linear Difference Equations ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motions ◽  
Earthquake Accelerograms

Abstract This paper describes models used to simulate earthquake accelerograms and analyses of these artificial accelerogram records for use in structural response studies. The artificial accelerogram records are generated by a class of linear linear difference equations which have been previously identified as suitable for describing ground motions. The major contributions of the paper are the use of Kalman filters for estimating time-varying model parameters, and the development of an effective nonparametric method for estimating the variance envelopes of the accelerogram records.

Influence of Himalayan topography on earthquake ground motions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Chandrashekhar Dhabu ◽  
Raghukanth Srimath Tirumala Gudimella
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motions

Testing non-linear amplification factors used in ground motion models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Loviknes ◽  
Danijel Schorlemmer ◽  
Fabrice Cotton ◽  
Sreeram Reddy Kotha
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Site Effects ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Linear Amplification ◽  
Motion Models ◽  
Earthquake Predictability ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Ground Motion Models

<p>Non-linear site effects are mainly expected for strong ground motions and sites with soft soils and more recent ground-motion models (GMM) have started to include such effects. Observations in this range are, however, sparse, and most non-linear site amplification models are therefore partly or fully based on numerical simulations. We develop a framework for testing of non-linear site amplification models using data from the comprehensive Kiban-Kyoshin network in Japan. The test is reproducible, following the vision of the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP), and takes advantage of new large datasets to evaluate <span>whether or not</span> non-linear site effects predicted by site-amplification models are supported by empirical data. The site amplification models are tested using residuals between the observations and predictions from a GMM based only on magnitude and distance. When the GMM is derived without any site term, the site-specific variability extracted from the residuals is expected to capture the site response of a site. The non-linear site amplification models are tested against a linear amplification model on individual well-record<span>ing</span> stations. Finally, the result is compared to building codes where non-linearity is included. The test shows that for most of the sites selected as having sufficient records, the non-linear site-amplification models do not score better than the linear amplification model. This suggests that including non-linear site amplification in GMMs and building codes may not yet be justified, at least not in the range of ground motions considered in the test (peak ground acceleration < 0.2 g).</p>

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