The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between blood pressure, albumin excretion, and renal function in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. The study design was as follows: nonselected consecutive patients with type I diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups by level of albumin excretion rate (AER): less than 20 micrograms/min, 20 to 200 micrograms/min, and greater than 200 micrograms/min. The setting for the study was an outpatient diabetic clinic in a tertiary referral center. There were 166 patients studied: 53% men, 47% women, 86% white, 17% treated for hypertension. Seventy-six percent had an AER less than 20 micrograms/min, 18% had an AER of 20 to 200 micrograms/min, and 6% had an AER of greater than 200 micrograms/min. Glycosylated hemoglobin did not differ between groups. AER was increased with age and disease duration (P less than 0.005 by analysis of variance) after 10 yr of disease. Serum creatinine (P less than 0.005) and systolic (P less than 0.005) and diastolic (P less than 0.01) blood pressures were also increased with AER. Serum creatinine and blood pressure were found to be increased in parallel after 10 yr of disease, but both remained within the normal range overall. A comparison of individual blood pressures in patients not taking antihypertensive drugs (N = 138) with age-related blood pressures of nondiabetic subjects revealed increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures at all ages. Group comparison demonstrated a significant link between increased AER and serum creatinine (declining renal function) and increased blood pressure after a latent period of 10 yr. Blood pressure appears to be increased from the earliest age in diabetes compared with healthy populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Autonomic nervous function, arterial stiffness and blood pressure in patients with Type I diabetes mellitus and normal urinary albumin excretion