Ginseng Therapy in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients: Effects on psychophysical performance, glucose homeostasis, serum lipids, serum aminoterminalpropeptide concentration, and body weight

1. Total-body potassium and fat-free mass have been measured in 31 insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 31 age- and sex-matched normal volunteers. 2. Body mass index was significantly higher in the insulin-dependent diabetic patients (24.7 ± .5 vs 23.3 ± 0.4 kg/m2; P = 0.05). 3. Total-body potassium, uncorrected and corrected for weight and for fat-free mass, was not significantly different in the two groups (3281 ± 141 mmol, 47.3 ± 1.3 mmol/kg body weight, 60.9 ± 1.0 mmol/kg fat-free mass, and 3315 ± 143 mmol, 48.6 ± 1.0 mmol/kg body weight, 60.4 ± 0.8 mmol/kg fat-free mass, respectively, in diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects). There was no relationship between blood glucose control, as assessed by glycated haemoglobin concentrations, and total-body potassium. 4. These results suggest, by contrast with previous reports, that in insulin-dependent diabetic patients, showing varying degrees of glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin range 6.1–15.3%, mean 9.0%) that: (a) there is no significant abnormality of body potassium homoeostasis, and (b) there is no relation between total-body potassium and glycaemic control.

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Increased urinary excretion of digoxin-like immunoreactive substance by insulin-dependent diabetic patients: a linkage with hypertension?

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/34.12.2418 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 2418-2422 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

O Giampietro ◽

A Clerico ◽

G Gregori ◽

S Bertoli ◽

M G Del Chicca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiac Glycoside ◽

Excretion Rate ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

The Mean ◽

Excretion Rates ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetic

Abstract Excretion of digoxin-like immunoreactivity (DLIS) was measured by RIA in timed overnight urine collections from 91 normotensive nondiabetic subjects and 104 normotensive insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients. The mean +/- SD DLIS excretion rate for the diabetic patients significantly exceeded that for the controls (73 +/- 41 vs 63 +/- 36 pg/min, P = 0.024). In both groups, the mean DLIS excretion rates for men were significantly higher (P = 0.0014, P = 0.006) than for women. In the controls, the DLIS excretion rate significantly correlated with the urinary excretion rate of creatinine (P less than 0.01), Na+ (P less than 0.05), and K+(P less than 0.05), and with the subjects' body weight (P less than 0.01), body mass index (P less than 0.05), and systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.05). In the diabetics, the DLIS excretion rate was significantly correlated with body weight (P less than 0.05) and with urinary excretion rates for albumin (P less than 0.01), creatinine (P less than 0.01), Na+ (P less than 0.05), and K+(P less than 0.05). Our data indicate that: (a) increased amounts of a cardiac glycoside-like substance (or a group of substances) are excreted in the urine of IDDM patients; (b) the urinary excretion of DLIS seems to depend on glomerular filtration rate and physiocochemical properties of glomerular membrane, as well as on subjects' body mass; and (c) because cardiac glycoside-like substances may increase peripheral vascular resistance, increased urinary excretion of DLIS by IDDM patients may indicate a tendency to develop hypertension.

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Urea Kinetics and Nitrogen Appearance Rates in Diabetic Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686089501506s03 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 15 (6_suppl) ◽

pp. 259-263

Author(s):

Barbara F. Prowant ◽

Judith Y. Bernardini ◽

Judith Bernardini ◽

Beth Piraino

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Ideal Body Weight ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Protein Nitrogen ◽

Urea Kinetics ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Ideal Body ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Objective We compared the relationship of protein intake (as measured by protein nitrogen appearance) and dialysis delivery in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) and nondiabetic patients. Design One to two 24-hour dialysate and urine collections were obtained in 20 diabetic patients and 42 nondiabetic patients. The protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (PNA) was calculated by the Randerson formula. KTN was determined using V obtained by the Watson formula. PNA was normalized using three different methods to determine body weight: first, by normal or ideal body weight according to the Metropolitan Table (nPNA); second, by standard body weight according to the NHANES Table (sPNA); and third, by V/0.58 (vPNA). Results The mean PNA was not different in diabetics and nondiabetics (53±21 g/day vs 60±14 g/day), nor was weekly KTN (2.1 ±0.6 vs 2.1 ±0.6). Mean normalized PNA was not different in IDDM versus non-DM regardless of the method. KTN correlated with nPNA in IDDM (r = 0.54, p = 0.002 and non-DM, r = 0.31, p = 0.03), and with vPNA in IDDM (r = 0.73, p < 0.00001, and non-DM, r = 0.45, p = 0.0009). KTN also correlated with sPNA in IDDM (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), but not in non-DM (r = 0.25, p = 0.08). The slope for normalized PNA versus KTN was steeper for IDDM than for non-DM. Conclusion KTN and PNA are more closely correlated in IDDM patients than in non-DM patients. Thus it is extremely important that IDDM patients receive an adequate level of dialysis.

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Nursing Forum: Urea Kinetics and Nitrogen Appearance Rates in Diabetic Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686089501500313 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 259-263

Author(s):

Barbara F. Prowant ◽

Judith Y. Bernardini ◽

Betty Kelman ◽

Judith Bernardini ◽

Beth Piraino

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Ideal Body Weight ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Protein Nitrogen ◽

Urea Kinetics ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Ideal Body ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Objective We compared the relationship of protein intake (as measured by protein nitrogen appearance) and dialysis delivery in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) and nondiabetic patients. Design One to two 24-hour dialysate and urine collections were obtained in 20 diabetic patients and 42 nondiabetic patients. The protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (PNA) was calculated by the Randerson formula. KTN was determined using V obtained by the Watson formula. PNA was normalized using three different methods to determine body weight: first, by normal or ideal body weight according to the Metropolitan Table (nPNA); second, by standard body weight according to the NHANES Table (sPNA); and third, by V/0.58 (vPNA). Results The mean PNA was not different in diabetics and nondiabetics (53±21 g/day vs 60±14 g/day), nor was weekly KTN (2.1 ±0.6 vs 2.1 ±0.6). Mean normalized PNA was not different in IDDM versus non-DM regardless of the method. KTN correlated with nPNA in IDDM (r = 0.54, p = 0.002 and non-DM, r = 0.31, p = 0.03), and with vPNA in IDDM (r = 0.73, p < 0.00001, and non-DM, r = 0.45, p = 0.0009). KTN also correlated with sPNA in IDDM (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), but not in non-DM (r = 0.25, p = 0.08). The slope for normalized PNA versus KTN was steeper for IDDM than for non-DM. Conclusion KTN and PNA are more closely correlated in IDDM patients than in non-DM patients. Thus it is extremely important that IDDM patients receive an adequate level of dialysis.

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