scholarly journals Newborn Adiposity and Cord Blood C-Peptide as Mediators of the Maternal Metabolic Environment and Childhood Adiposity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jami L. Josefson ◽  
Denise M. Scholtens ◽  
Alan Kuang ◽  
Patrick M. Catalano ◽  
Lynn P. Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
P Value ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Childhood Adiposity ◽  
Maternal Bmi ◽  
Maternal Glucose

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>Excessive childhood adiposity is a risk factor for adverse metabolic health. The objective was to investigate associations of newborn body composition and cord C-peptide with childhood anthropometrics and explore whether these newborn measures mediate associations of maternal mid-pregnancy glucose and BMI with childhood adiposity.</p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>Data on mother/offspring pairs (N=4832) from the epidemiological Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study and HAPO Follow Up Study (HAPO FUS) were analyzed. Linear regression was used to study associations between newborn and childhood anthropometrics. Structural equation modeling was used to explore newborn anthropometric measures as potential mediators of the associations of maternal BMI and glucose during pregnancy with childhood anthropometric outcomes. </p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>In models including maternal glucose and BMI adjustments, newborn adiposity as measured by sum of skinfolds was associated with child outcomes (adjusted mean difference, 95% CI, p-value) BMI(0.26,0.12-0.39,<0.001), BMI z-score(0.072,0.033-0.11,<0.001), fat mass (kg)(0.51,0.26-0.76,<0.001), percent bodyfat(0.61, 0.27-0.95,<0.001), and sum of skinfolds (mm)(1.14,0.43-1.86,0.0017). Structural equation models demonstrated significant mediation by newborn sum of skinfolds and cord C-peptide of maternal BMI effects on childhood BMI(proportion of total effect 2.5% and 1%, respectively), fat mass(3.1%,1.2%), percent bodyfat(3.6%,1.8%), and sum of skinfolds (2.9%,1.8%), and significant mediation by newborn sum of skinfolds and cord C-peptide of maternal glucose effects on child fat mass (proportion of total association 22.0% and 21.0%, respectively), percent bodyfat (15.0%,18.0%), and sum of skinfolds (15.0%,20.0%).</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>Newborn adiposity is independently associated with childhood adiposity and, along with fetal hyperinsulinemia, mediates, in part, associations of maternal glucose and BMI with childhood adiposity. </p>

scholarly journals Newborn Adiposity and Cord Blood C-Peptide as Mediators of the Maternal Metabolic Environment and Childhood Adiposity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jami L. Josefson ◽  
Denise M. Scholtens ◽  
Alan Kuang ◽  
Patrick M. Catalano ◽  
Lynn P. Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
P Value ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Childhood Adiposity ◽  
Maternal Bmi ◽  
Maternal Glucose

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>Excessive childhood adiposity is a risk factor for adverse metabolic health. The objective was to investigate associations of newborn body composition and cord C-peptide with childhood anthropometrics and explore whether these newborn measures mediate associations of maternal mid-pregnancy glucose and BMI with childhood adiposity.</p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>Data on mother/offspring pairs (N=4832) from the epidemiological Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study and HAPO Follow Up Study (HAPO FUS) were analyzed. Linear regression was used to study associations between newborn and childhood anthropometrics. Structural equation modeling was used to explore newborn anthropometric measures as potential mediators of the associations of maternal BMI and glucose during pregnancy with childhood anthropometric outcomes. </p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>In models including maternal glucose and BMI adjustments, newborn adiposity as measured by sum of skinfolds was associated with child outcomes (adjusted mean difference, 95% CI, p-value) BMI(0.26,0.12-0.39,<0.001), BMI z-score(0.072,0.033-0.11,<0.001), fat mass (kg)(0.51,0.26-0.76,<0.001), percent bodyfat(0.61, 0.27-0.95,<0.001), and sum of skinfolds (mm)(1.14,0.43-1.86,0.0017). Structural equation models demonstrated significant mediation by newborn sum of skinfolds and cord C-peptide of maternal BMI effects on childhood BMI(proportion of total effect 2.5% and 1%, respectively), fat mass(3.1%,1.2%), percent bodyfat(3.6%,1.8%), and sum of skinfolds (2.9%,1.8%), and significant mediation by newborn sum of skinfolds and cord C-peptide of maternal glucose effects on child fat mass (proportion of total association 22.0% and 21.0%, respectively), percent bodyfat (15.0%,18.0%), and sum of skinfolds (15.0%,20.0%).</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>Newborn adiposity is independently associated with childhood adiposity and, along with fetal hyperinsulinemia, mediates, in part, associations of maternal glucose and BMI with childhood adiposity. </p>

scholarly journals The Unique Mental Impacts of Breast-Conserving Surgery and Mastectomy According to a Multi-Centered Cross Sectional Survey Conducted in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Yuri Hazawa ◽  
Goro Kutomi ◽  
Hiroaki Shima ◽  
Toshio Honma ◽  
Tosei Ohmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Breast Conserving Surgery ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Mastectomy Group

Background: Improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become a fundamental goal of breast cancer management. This study aimed to examine the differences between the QOL outcomes of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy. We also established structural equation models for BCS and mastectomy to elucidate their unique effects on QOL.Methods: Between July 2019 and November 2019, 254 patients, who were scheduled to visit one of four clinics, were recruited for this study. We evaluated HRQOL using various questionnaires, such as the BREAST-Q, EQ-5D-5L, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The relationships among the examined clinical indicators were evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The QOL scores of the BCS group were better than those of the mastectomy group (0.85±0.129 vs. 0.81±0.12, P=0.020). Also, anxiety (2.94±2.95 vs. 3.81±3.08, P=0.025) and depression (2.55±2.77 vs. 3.74±3.19, P=0.002) were less severe in the BCS group than in the mastectomy group. Furthermore, the relationships among QOL status and mental health status were more complex in the BCS group than in the mastectomy group (Chi-square minimization p-value: 0.231 vs. 0.469, respectively). Also, depression directly affected QOL in the mastectomy group (R=-0.47), but not in the BCS group.Conclusions: There were differences in QOL and mental health between the BCS and mastectomy groups. SEM is useful for identifying such differences, which can be used to develop strategies for improving QOL.

scholarly journals Examining the influence of service reliability on customer satisfaction in the insurance industry in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Catherine Njoki Chege
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Service Reliability ◽  
Mixed Effect

This study examines the influence of service reliability on customer satisfaction in the insurance industry in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Assimilation Contrast Theory and employed a descriptive research design. Primary data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics where the mean and standard deviation were determined. Data were analyzed in two levels, the customer level, and the entity level. The study employed the linear mixed effect models of structural equation modeling (SEM) considering the multi-level structure of the data collected. Results were presented in form of tables and path diagrams for the structural equation models. Service reliability was found to have a statistically significant influence on customer satisfaction (? =0.840, p-value= 0.027). The study found that there was a variation of levels of customer satisfaction across entities but this was not attributed to service reliability. The conclusion made was that service reliability significantly influenced customer satisfaction in the insurance industry in Kenya at the customer level but did not significantly influence the variations of customer satisfaction between the insurance companies.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Observed Log-Likelihood Function in Two-Level Structural Equation Modeling with Missing Data: From Formulas to R Code

Psych ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-232
Author(s):  
Yves Rosseel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Missing At Random ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Efficient Expression ◽  
Special Case

This paper discusses maximum likelihood estimation for two-level structural equation models when data are missing at random at both levels. Building on existing literature, a computationally efficient expression is derived to evaluate the observed log-likelihood. Unlike previous work, the expression is valid for the special case where the model implied variance–covariance matrix at the between level is singular. Next, the log-likelihood function is translated to R code. A sequence of R scripts is presented, starting from a naive implementation and ending at the final implementation as found in the lavaan package. Along the way, various computational tips and tricks are given.

Fuel to the fire: The escalating interplay of attachment and maltreatment in the transgenerational transmission of psychopathology in families living in refugee camps

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Florian Scharpf ◽  
Getrude Mkinga ◽  
Frank Neuner ◽  
Maregesi Machumu ◽  
Tobias Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Parental Psychopathology ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Attachment Representations

Abstract Maltreatment by parents can be conceptualized as pathogenic escalations of a disturbed parent–child relationship that have devastating consequences for children's development and mental health. Although parental psychopathology has been shown to be a risk factor both for maltreatment and insecure attachment representations, these factors` joint contribution to child psychopathology has not been investigated. In a sample of Burundian refugee families living in refugee camps in Western Tanzania, the associations between attachment representations, maltreatment, and psychopathology were examined by conducting structured interviews with 226 children aged 7 to 15 and both their parents. Structural equation modeling revealed that children's insecure attachment representations and maltreatment by mothers fully mediated the relation between maternal and child psychopathology [model fit: comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05]. A direct association between paternal and child psychopathology was observed (model fit: CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.05). The findings suggest a vicious cycle, wherein an insecure attachment to a mother suffering from psychopathology may be linked to children's risk to be maltreated, which may reinforce insecure representations and perpetuate the pathogenic relational experience. Interventions targeting the attachment relationship and parental mental health may prevent negative child outcomes.

scholarly journals Examining the ParticipACTION brand using the brand equity pyramid

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lithopoulos ◽  
Peter A. Dacin ◽  
Tanya R. Berry ◽  
Guy Faulkner ◽  
Norm O’Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose The brand equity pyramid is a theory that explains how people develop loyalty and an attachment to a brand. The purpose of this study is to test whether the predictions made by the theory hold when applied to the brand of ParticipACTION, a Canadian non-profit organization that promotes active living. A secondary objective was to test whether this theory predicted intentions to be more physically active. Design/methodology/approach A research agency conducted a cross-sectional, online brand health survey on behalf of ParticipACTION. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis established the factor structure. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. Findings A nationally representative sample of Canadian adults (N = 1,191) completed the survey. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported a hypothesized five-factor brand equity framework (i.e. brand identity, brand meaning, brand responses, brand resonance and intentions). A series of structural equation models also provided support for the hypothesized relationships between the variables. Practical implications Though preliminary, the results provide a guide for understanding the branding process in the activity-promotion context. The constructs identified as being influential in this process can be targeted by activity-promotion organizations to improve brand strength. A strong organizational brand could augment activity-promotion interventions. A strong brand may also help the organization better compete against other brands promoting messages that are antithetical to their own. Originality/value This is the first study to test the brand equity pyramid using an activity-promotion brand. Results demonstrate that the brand equity pyramid may be useful in this context.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KETERAMPILAN, PENGETAHUAN, KONSEP DIRI DAN NILAI-NILAI, DAN KARAKTERISTIK PRIBADI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI MELALUI KOMITMEN ORGANISASI PADA DISHUBKOMINFO KAB. BANYUMAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pipin Widyasari
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Performance Variable ◽  
Organization Commitment ◽  
Knowledge Variable ◽  
And Performance

To realize vision and mission of Dishubkominfo Banyumas District one of them are to increase public services in traffic and public transportation. So, Dishubkominfo Banyumas District continues to work to improve the quality of to empower all of the employee so that it will have strong performance and can work with optimally, effective, and efficient. The aims of the research are 1) to describe skills, knowledge, concept of self and values, personal characteristic, organization, commitment, and performance; 2) to describe the influence of skill, knowledge, concept of self and values, and personal characteristic to organization commitment; 3) describe the influence of skills, knowledge, concept of self and values, and personal characteristic to performance; 4) describe the influence of organization commitment to employees performance; 5) describe the influence of skill, knowledge, concept of self and values, and personal characteristic to employees performance through organization commitment. Respondent of this research are 100 people. The respondent are the employees of Dishubkominfo Banyumas District. This research using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which do by AMOS 4.00 as the instrument of analysis. The result of this research prove that fourth coefficient can be conclude that variable concept of self and values more influence to variable organization commitment, compared with skill variable, knowledge variable, and personal characteristic variable. It can be prove with significantly value of p-value is very small (0,001), so the hypothesis which said there is an influence between variable of skill, knowledge, concept of self and values, personal to variable of organization commitment is attested. From that coefficient it can be conclude that concept of self and values variables is more influence to performance variable compared with the other variable.it can be prove with significantly value of p-value on table column O on output program Amos Ver 19, so the p-values is very small (0,001). Therefore, the hypothesis which said there is an influence between variable of skill, knowledge, concept of self and values, and personal characteristic to performance variable on DishubkominfoBanyumas District is attested. Significantly values of p-value on table column P and the output of Amos Program Ver 19, so the p-value is very small (<0,001), so the hypothesis which said there is an influence between organization commitment to performance of Dishubkominfo Banyumas District is attested. Significantly values of p-value on table column O on output program of Amos Ver 19 which means the value of p-value is very small (<0,001), so the hypothesis which said there is an influence between skill, knowledge, concept of self and values, and personal characteristic to performance through organization commitment on Dishubkominfo Banyumas District is attested.  Keywords: skill, knowledge, concept of self and values, personal characteristic, performance, organization commitment.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, KEPRIBADIAN, UMUR, DAN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI MELALUI MOTIVASI PEGAWAI BALAI PELAKSANA TEKNIS BINA MARGA WILAYAH TEGAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr. Wasmo ◽  
Mr. Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Leadership Motivation ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of this research is 1) to describe leadership, personality, age, education, motivation and the employee performance 2) to know the influence of leadership, personality, age, and education motivation employees to 3) to know the influence of leadership, personality, age, and education against the employee performance 4) to know the motivation to performance employees and 5) to know the influence of leadership, personality, age, and education on performance through motivation. Respondents in this study by the 107. These respondents are civil of technical execution Bina Marga Region Tegal. The methods of this research use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) who run through AMOS as a means of the analysis. Is the between leadership, personality, age and education for employees at the motivation bina marga the tegal. This is evidenced of the value of the terstandar regression (beta) leadership motivation to obtain value of 0,11, to obtain personality motivation value of 0,32, my motivation to obtain value of -0,19 and education motivation to obtain value of 0,23 and more tender testing obtained value p-value very small (< 0,001). There are relations between leadership, personality, age and education of the performance of employees in city bina marga areas tegal. This is evidenced of the value of the regression coefficient terstandar (beta) leadership of the performance of have value of 0,06, personality of the performance of have value of 0,48, age of the performance of get value 0.01 and education on performance have value of 0.09 and from the testing obtained value pvalue very small (< 0,001). the incentives on performance in city bina marga areas tegal. This is evidenced of the value of the regression coefficient terstandar (beta) motivation on performance have value of 0,36 and from the testing obtained value pvalue very small (& lt; 0,001). Is the between leadership, personality, age and education on performance through motivation in city bina marga areas tegal. This is evidenced value the regression coefficient terstandar (beta) leadership, personality, of and education on performance through motivation have value of. 30 and from the testing obtained value p-value very small (< 0,001). There are relations between leadership, personality, age and education through motivation to performance in the region tegal bina marga.This is evidenced value regression coefficient terstandar (beta) leadership, personality, age) and education on performance through motivation for value of 0,30 and more tender testing obtained value p-value very small (< 0,001). Keywords: leadership, personality, age, education, motivation and performance.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA, KESADARAN LINGKUNGAN DAN MODAL SOSIAL TERHADAP KINERJA NELAYAN LOBSTER DI KECAMATAN BUNGO MAS KABUPATEN BENGKULU SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Oktarina Asmara ◽  
Irnad Irnad ◽  
Dede Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
P Value

Lobster adalah salah satu komoditi yang memiliki nilai jual tinggi begitu pula dengan jumlah permintaan semakin meningkat. Disamping itu kinerja nelayan lobster juga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti sumber daya yang dimiliki, lingkungan dan modal sosial. Oleh Karena itu tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh sumberdaya manusia, kesadaran terhadap lingkungan dan modal sosial terhadap kinerja nelayan lobster. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah nelayan lobster yang berada di Kecamatan Bungo Mas Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan dengan dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 112 responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) WarpPLS5.0 yang digunakan untuk melihat hubungan kausalar variabel yang diteliti. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah Variabel sumber daya manusia berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja nelayan lobster di kecamatan Bungo Mas Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan Pada tingkat signifikansi 95% dengan nilai P-Value 0.01 dan ?=0.20. Kemudian, Variabel kesadaran lingkungan berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja nelayan lobster Pada tingkat signifikansi 95% dengan nilai P-Value 0.01 dan ?=0.20. Terakhir, Variabel modal sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja nelayan lobster  Pada tingkat signifikansi 95% dengan nilai P-Value 0.01 dan ?=0.  Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin baik sumber daya manusia, kesadaran lingkungan dan modal sosial yang dimiliki nelayan maka kinerja nelayan dalam penangkapan lobster pun akan semakin baik.Kata Kunci: Sumber Daya Manusia, Kesadaran Lingkungan, Modal Sosial, Kinerja Nelayan

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Caregivers’ Acceptance of the Use of Wearable Devices by Patients With Dementia: An Extension of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 153331751988349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhen Dai ◽  
Ebenezer Larnyo ◽  
Ebenezer Ababio Tetteh ◽  
Abigail Konadu Aboagye ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Ibn Musah
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Use Of Technology

Purpose: This study aims to examine the factors affecting caregivers’ acceptance of the use of wearable devices by patients with dementia by extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model with 2 additional constructs: resistance to change (RC) and technology anxiety (TA). Methods: A structured online questionnaire was developed and distributed to caregivers who have either dealt previously with or were currently taking care of patients with dementia in sub-Saharan Africa. The selection of countries for the study was purely based on the availability of caregivers of patients with dementia and their readiness to take part in the survey. Questionnaire data from 350 respondents were analyzed and the hypothesis tested using partial least squares based on structural equation modeling. Result: The results of the extended model show that social influence, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and behavioral intention (BI) all had P < .05, thus were statistically significant in explaining the perceived BI and actual use of health-care wearable devices among patients with dementia as reported by caregivers. However, P value for RC and TA was greater than .05, hence were insignificant.

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