scholarly journals Layering Historical Maps and Census Data for Interactive Visualizations in HistoryForge

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Lovell Claire ◽  
Kibbee Robert
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Local History ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
The Public ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Interactive Visualizations

HistoryForge (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://historyforge.net">https://historyforge.net</ext-link>) is a web application that combines information from U.S. Census records, historical maps, and other records in an interactive framework of human and spatial relationships that illustrate what communities looked like and how they evolved over time. It generates an environment that invites a study of local history at the levels of neighborhood, family, and individual. HistoryForge is being developed using open source software so that any community can adopt it to explore their own local history and add archival material. This paper will describe the project's development, growing potential for enriching records with archival material, and its current implementation in four different communities. The rapid development of the last year has been supported by a two-year grant from the Public Engagement with Historical Records from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission of the National Archives.

Wales in the Fourteenth Century

Antiquity ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Local History ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
The Public ◽  
Geographical Study

The publication of this map is an event of importance. It is no exaggeration to say that it marks a definite advance in the geographical study of history, There may be other historical maps of a like completeness and accuracy, but if there be, ‘ this deponent knoweth them not ’. It is for this reason that a contribution to local history is deemed to deserve an extended notice in the pages of ANTIQUITY. The map is the result of nearly twenty years of research. The results of that research might have been presented to the public in the form of a bulky volume ; it is an event without precedent that they should appear in the form of a map.

The public and the private: reconfiguring the interrelationship during a civil act

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Natalia Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere

The subject matter of research interest here is the movement of sociological reflection concerning the interplay of public and private realms in social, political and individual life. The focus is on the boundary constructs embodying publicity, which are, first of all, classical models of the space of appearance for free citizens of the polis (H. Arendt) and the public sphere organised by communicative rationality (Ju. Habermas). Alternative patterns are present in modern ideas pertaining to the significance of biological component in public space in the context of biopolitics (M. Foucault), “inclusive exclusion of bare life” (G. Agamben), as well as performativity of corporeal and linguistic experience related to the right to participate in civil acts such as popular assembly (J. Butler), where the established distinctions between the public and the private are levelled, and the interrelationship of these two realms becomes reconfigured. Once the new media have come into play, both the structure and nature of the public sphere becomes modified. What assumes a decisive role is people’s physical interaction with online communication gadgets, which instantly connect information networks along various trajectories. However, the rapid development of information technology produces particular risks related to the control of communications industry, leaving both public and private realms unprotected and deforming them. This also urges us to rethink the issue of congruence of the two ideas such as transparency of societies and security.

The Antonov rebel detachments in the territory of the Balashov uyezd of the Saratov gubernia (1920–1921)

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Sergei V. Lyovin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local History ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The Civil War is one of the largest tragedies in the history of our country. One of its dramatic episodes is the rebel movement led by A.S. Antonov which took place in the Tambov gubenia in 1920–1921 and was brutally suppressed by the Bolsheviks. Its scope is evidenced by the fact that it went beyond the borders of the Tambov gubernia. Separate detachments of Antonovites from the autumn of 1920 to the summer of 1921 raided the territory of the Balashov uyezd of the neighboring Saratov gubernia. The paper attempts to consider the way the uyezd authorities fought the rebels and the way civilians treated them. On the basis of an analysis of the local archival material most of which has not yet been put into scientific circulation, periodicals and the local history literature the author comes to the following conclusion: every time the invasions of Antonov’s detachments into the territory of the Balashov uyezd were so rapid that the local authorities did not manage to organize a proper rebuff, and the peasants, for the most part, supported the rebels since they saw spokesmen and defenders of their interests in them. Only frequent requisitions of peasants’ property by Antonovites as well as the replacement of the surplus appropriation system (Prodrazvyorstka) by the tax in kind (Prodnalog) led to the fact that since the spring of 1921 the support of the rebels by the local population ceased.

Archiving the British Raj

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Raj ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Central Archive

The archives are generally sites where historians conduct research into our past. Seldom are they objects of research. Sabyasachi Bhattacharya traces the path that led to the creation of a central archive in India, from the setting up of the Imperial Record Department, the precursor of the National Archives of India, and the Indian Historical Records Commission, to the framing of archival policies and the change in those policies over the years. In the last two decades of colonial rule in India, there were anticipations of freedom in many areas of the public sphere. These were felt in the domain of archiving as well, chiefly in the form of reversal of earlier policies. From this perspective, Bhattacharya explores the relation between knowledge and power and discusses how the World Wars and the decline of Britain, among other factors, effected a transition from a Eurocentric and disparaging approach to India towards a more liberal and less ethnocentric one.

scholarly journals Trends in breastfeeding practices and mothers’ experience in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Courtois ◽  
Sandrine Péneau ◽  
Benoît Salanave ◽  
Valentina A. Andreeva ◽  
Marie Françoise Roland-Cachera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Breastfeeding Cessation

Abstract Background France has one of the lowest rates in the world regarding breastfeeding initiation and duration. Few studies have explored breastfeeding practices in France since the middle of the twentieth century, or following from initiation to cessation. The purpose of our study was to determine trends in breastfeeding over the past decades regarding public health recommendations, and to examine mothers’ perceptions about factors known to have an impact on breastfeeding support and cessation. Methods From the NutriNet-Santé cohort, 29,953 parous women (launched in 2009 to study relation between nutrition and health), were included in the present study. Using web-questionnaires, they were asked retrospectively if they had breastfed their youngest child or not, and if so, the duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding. For those who had breastfed, we investigated their perceptions about support at initiation and during the entire breastfeeding period and reasons for breastfeeding cessation. We also asked those who did not breastfeed about their perceptions and reasons for infant formula feeding their youngest child. Analyses were weighted according to the French census data. Results In the NutriNet-Santé cohort, 67.3% of mothers breastfed their youngest child. The proportion of breastfed children increased over the past few decades, from 55.0% (95% CI 54.3, 55.6) in the 1970s to 82.9% (82.4, 83.4) in the 2010s. Total and exclusive breastfeeding duration went from 3.3 months and 2.4 months respectively in the 1970s to 5.9 months and 3.2 months respectively in the 2010s. Most mothers felt supported at initiation and during the breastfeeding period. A reported desire to have breastfed longer than two months was 59.5%. Mothers who did not breastfeed did it by choice (64.3%). They did not feel guilty (78.2%) and did not perceive a problem not to breastfeed (58.8%), but almost half of them would have liked to have breastfed (45.9%). Conclusion Breastfeeding duration has increased in the past decades but did not reach the public health recommendations threshold. Targets other than mothers have to be considered for breastfeeding education, like the partner and her environment, to increase breastfeeding practices. Trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03335644).

Comparison of Two Common Approaches to Public Transit Service Equity Evaluation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2531 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Karner ◽  
Aaron Golub
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Equity Evaluation ◽  
Equity Effects ◽  
Service Change

Understanding the equity effects of transit service changes requires good information about the demographics of transit ridership. Onboard survey data and census data can be used to estimate equity effects, although there is no clear reason to conclude that these two sources will lead to the same findings. Guidance from the FTA recommends the use of either of these data sources to estimate equity impacts. This study made a direct comparison of the two methods for the public transit system in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area. The results indicated that although both sources were acceptable for FTA compliance, the use of one or the other could affect whether a proposed service change was deemed equitable. In other words, the outcome of a service change equity analysis could differ as a result of the data source used. To ensure the integrity and meaning of such analyses, FTA should recommend the collection and use of ridership data for conducting service change analyses to supplement approaches that are based on census data.

scholarly journals JRL-YOLO: A Novel Jump-Join Repetitious Learning Structure for Real-Time Dangerous Object Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yiliang Zeng ◽  
Lihao Zhang ◽  
Jiahong Zhao ◽  
Jinhui Lan ◽  
Biao Li
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Spatial Pyramid Pooling ◽  
Model Size ◽  
Intelligent Security ◽  
Security Incidents

Campus security incidents occur from time to time, which seriously affect the public security. In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has brought technical support for campus intelligent security. In order to quickly recognize and locate dangerous targets on campus, an improved YOLOv3-Tiny model is proposed for dangerous target detection. Since the biggest advantage of this model is that it can achieve higher precision with very fewer parameters than YOLOv3-Tiny, it is one of the Tinier-YOLO models. In this paper, the dangerous targets include dangerous objects and dangerous actions. The main contributions of this work include the following: firstly, the detection of dangerous objects and dangerous actions is integrated into one model, and the model can achieve higher accuracy with fewer parameters. Secondly, to solve the problem of insufficient YOLOv3-Tiny target detection, a jump-join repetitious learning (JRL) structure is proposed, combined with the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP), which serves as the new backbone network of YOLOv3-Tiny and can accelerate the speed of feature extraction while integrating features of different scales. Finally, the soft-NMS and DIoU-NMS algorithm are combined to effectively reduce the missing detection when two targets are too close. Experimental tests on self-made datasets of dangerous targets show that the average MAP value of the JRL-YOLO algorithm is 85.03%, which increases by 3.22 percent compared with YOLOv3-Tiny. On the VOC2007 dataset, the proposed method has a 9.29 percent increase in detection accuracy compared to that using YOLOv3-Tiny and a 2.38 percent increase compared to that employing YOLOv4-Tiny, respectively. These results all evidence the great improvement in detection accuracy brought by the proposed method. Moreover, when testing the dataset of dangerous targets, the model size of JRL-YOLO is 5.84 M, which is about one-fifth of the size of YOLOv3-Tiny (33.1 M) and one-third of the size of YOLOv4-Tiny (22.4 M), separately.

scholarly journals SHAMAN: a user-friendly website for metataxonomic analysis from raw reads to statistical analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevenn Volant ◽  
Pierre Lechat ◽  
Perrine Woringer ◽  
Laurence Motreff ◽  
Christophe Malabat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Interactive Visualizations ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract BackgroundComparing the composition of microbial communities among groups of interest (e.g., patients vs healthy individuals) is a central aspect in microbiome research. It typically involves sequencing, data processing, statistical analysis and graphical representation of the detected signatures. Such an analysis is normally obtained by using a set of different applications that require specific expertise for installation, data processing and in some case, programming skills. ResultsHere, we present SHAMAN, an interactive web application we developed in order to facilitate the use of (i) a bioinformatic workflow for metataxonomic analysis, (ii) a reliable statistical modelling and (iii) to provide among the largest panels of interactive visualizations as compared to the other options that are currently available. SHAMAN is specifically designed for non-expert users who may benefit from using an integrated version of the different analytic steps underlying a proper metagenomic analysis. The application is freely accessible at http://shaman.pasteur.fr/, and may also work as a standalone application with a Docker container (aghozlane/shaman), conda and R. The source code is written in R and is available at https://github.com/aghozlane/shaman. Using two datasets (a mock community sequencing and published 16S rRNA metagenomic data), we illustrate the strengths of SHAMAN in quickly performing a complete metataxonomic analysis. ConclusionsWe aim with SHAMAN to provide the scientific community with a platform that simplifies reproducible quantitative analysis of metagenomic data.

scholarly journals Antibiotic prescribing for lower UTI in elderly patients in primary care and risk of bloodstream infection: a cohort study using electronic health records

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Shallcross ◽  
Patrick Rockenschaub ◽  
Ruth Blackburn ◽  
Irwin Nazareth ◽  
Nick Freemantle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Need ◽  
Community Onset

AbstractBackgroundResearch has questioned the safety of delaying or withholding antibiotics for suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) in older patients. We evaluated the association between antibiotic treatment for lower UTI and risk of bloodstream infection (BSI) in adults aged ≥65 years in primary care.MethodsWe analysed primary care records from patients aged ≥65 years in England with community-onset UTI using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2007-2015) linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and census data. The primary outcome was BSI within 60 days, comparing patients treated immediately with antibiotics and those not treated immediately.Findings147,334 patients were included representing 280,462 episodes of lower UTI. BSI occurred in 0·4% (1,025 / 244,963) of UTI episodes with immediate antibiotics versus 0·6% (228 / 35,499) of episodes without immediate antibiotics. The odds of BSI were equivalent in patients who were not treated with antibiotics immediately and those who were treated on the date of their UTI consultation (adjusted odds ratio aOR 1·13; 95%-CI: 0·97-1·31). However, delaying or withholding antibiotics was associated with increased odds of death in the subsequent 60 days (aOR 1·17; 95% CI: 1·09-1·26).InterpretationEvidence on the safety of delaying or withholding antibiotics in older adults with suspected UTI is conflicting. Given the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in this population, their risk of antibiotic-related side effects, and the public health need to tackle antibiotic resistance, we recommend a trial to address this uncertainty.

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