A Scoping Review Examining Interventions Intended to Help LGBTQIA+ Youth Transition Out of Homelessness

Objective: Youth self-identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning/queer, intersex, asexual, and other identities (LGBTQIA+) are overrepresented among the homeless youth population in western countries. Although scholars have documented the situations and events contributing to disproportionately high rates of homelessness among LGBTQIA+ youth compared to cisgender peers, researchers have not as thoroughly examined the efficacy of services available to this group to assist their transition from homelessness to stable residency. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the peer-reviewed literature to determine how many journal articles have been generated that addressed (a) the assessment of client satisfaction or (b) the effectiveness of intervention designed to help LGBTQIA+ homeless youth transition from homelessness to stable tenancy. Method: A database search of six peer-reviewed, health care publication indexes, with 50 key search terms was performed. The database search spanned publication years with no beginning year, but ended in January 2021. Results: Nineteen articles were identified that described programming, reported intervention outcomes, or outlined policies and recommendations intended to help LGBTQIA+ youth transition out of homelessness. Of the 19 studies, only five (26.31%) reported program evaluation (n=1, 5.26%), the assessment of intervention effectiveness (n=2, 10.52%), or an analysis of client satisfaction (n=2, 10.52%). Findings exemplify the dearth of scholarship and research examining this area of academic inquiry and public health need. Discussion: Without empirical research investigating service provision for the LGBTQIA+ homeless youth population, service providers have little data upon which to inform practice based on an understanding of the services that are needed and desired by this population to transition out of homelessness, the effectiveness and perceived satisfaction of those services, and whether services should be modified to better meet the needs of those for whom it was intended. Scholars and researchers are called upon to generate this needed public health research, which should include service recipient perspectives to target outcomes and interpret findings.

Unmet Health Need Among Roma: Visual Acuity and the Use of Vision Correcting Aids in the Hungarian Roma Population

The Roma population is the largest transnational ethnic minority group in Europe often facing socioeconomic inequalities and various health problems. In the present study we investigated the visual acuity and its affecting factors along with spectacle use of the Roma in comparison with the general population in Hungary.A cross-sectional survey was carried out including 832 participants aged 20 to 64 years. We recorded the visual acuity, anthropometric, demographic, socioeconomic and health-related data of each individual. Although the average uncorrected visual acuity was somewhat higher, the use of a visual aid was significantly less frequent in the Roma population, especially in the group with a visual acuity below 0.5 in both eyes (14.3% vs 77.1%, p<0.001). Age, abdominal obesity and disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism had a negative impact on visual acuity in both populations, however, the latter was a much stronger risk factor in the Roma population (OR: 5.789, 95% CI: 2.239-14.964, p<0.001) than in the general population (OR: 2.075, 95% CI: 1.097-3.926, p=0.025). Our results show serious unmet health needs within the Roma population, which calls for public health programs to improve poor primary care indicators on regular eye examination, and a much more rigorous diabetes control.

Lifelong Learning of Civil Servants in COVID-19

Nowadays, a number of international developments in the economic, technological, social, and cultural fields make it necessary for more and more healthcare professionals to acquire a variety of knowledge and skills, adapted to the changes that take place, especially in information systems. To be able to meet the demands of our time, civil servants working in the field of health need to have a variety of interconnected qualifications on information systems, which must be renewed every now and then, especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This means that there is a need for continuing education, which will help to acquire knowledge, develop their skills, expand the prospects in the field of health information systems and at the same time will contribute to tackling the pandemic.

Rare case series: iniencephaly, conjoined twins and anencephaly

A discovery is said to be an accident meeting a prepared mind. This quote is true when we happen to see certain rare cases which we could not diagnose unless we are aware. The aim of this presentation is to bring attention of cases like Iniencephaly, conjoined twins, Anencephaly to our medical fraternity and the need to focus still more on health need of the women in reproductive age group in particular. This is also to highlight the benefits of periconceptional Folic acid supplementation and need for intense antenatal surveillance programmes and proper genetic counselling to affected parents.

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: 21st century age of rifles - A bibliometric analysis

In the 21st century data, itself are information, product, and goods. The pandemic situation has given new eyes to the old invention to effectively bridge the gap between history, happenings, and technology as well as past and future. Health is requisite and every one of us would have placed our footstep one way or the another in the healthcare sector. The demand for healthcare professionals is also increasing in our country with an increasing population. To address the health need of society, this paper attempts to exhibit the studies captured on these two broad areas in the healthcare sector with a systematic literature review of bibliometric analysis. This paper will bring out the technological invention, its implications in the 21st century, relevance in the covid 19 pandemic situation, research, and facts explored in this area. Humans are the inventor and users of technology: the good we use the great will be the outcome: It all depends. (*The paper was presented at the 2nd Conference on Business Data Analytics: Innovation in emerging trends in management data analytics. Apeejay School of Management, Dwarka, Delhi, India. November 2021)

A SURVEY OF THE EXPERIENCE, KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN BULGARIA ABOUT CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT

Aim: To study the experience, knowledge and attitude of dental practitioners in Bulgaria about child abuse and neglect. Material and methods: An anonymous questionnaire was conducted on 265 dental practitioners from several regions of Bulgaria. The questionnaire consists of 15 questions, including demographic characteristics and questions about their attitude, knowledge and actions in suspected cases of child abuse and neglect. Results: Only 1/4 of the respondents, n=60 (22.3%), reported having suspected cases of Child Abuse and Neglect, and only 5.7% of them were reported to the authorities. The notification to the relevant institutions increases with the professional experience up to 30% to 40%. The most common reason for not reporting was lack of knowledge of the way or procedures of reporting (40.4%), fear of subsequent violence against the child - 23.4% and fear of consequences for the child when the relevant institutions interfere - 12.8%. Irregular dental visits were considered the most significant indicator of neglect of children's oral health. Need for additional education and training on recognizing the signs of child abuse and neglect were reported from 72.5% of the participants. Conclusions: The present study showed uncertainty in recognizing and reporting suspected cases of child abuse and neglect, especially for the younger dentists and for those without a certain specialty. There is a clear need for additional education of dental practitioners, as well as certain legal guidelines on the procedures of reporting and recording suspected cases, along with reliable support from the relevant institutions.

A Deep Learning-based Genome-wide Polygenic Risk Score for Common Diseases Identifies Individuals with Risk

Identifying individuals at high risk in the population is a key public health need. For many common diseases, individual susceptibility may be influenced by genetic variation. Recently, the clinical potential of polygenic risk score (PRS) has attracted widespread attention. However, the performance of traditional methods is limited in fitting capabilities of the linear model and unable to capture the interaction information between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To fill this gap, a novel deep-learning-based model named DeepPRS is developed for scoring the risk of common diseases with genome-wide genotype data. Using the UK Biobank dataset, the evaluation shows that DeepPRS performs better than the other two existing state-of-art methods on Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes and breast cancer. Since DeepPRS does not only rely on the addictive effect of risk SNPs, DeepPRS has the chance to identify high-risk individuals even with few known risk SNPs.

International Trade and Investment Impact on Global Health

Dealing with issues related to global health need the trade and investment laws. The global health is affected by the International Trade and Investment agreements or TIAs. It can have advantages on the factor like individuals and their wellbeing but, from the perspectives of social good and health range, also has some negative outcomes. This article emphasised on the changing the perspective towards contextual framework of public health and International Trade and Investment agreements or TIAs. There are a range of both positive and negative outcomes related to TIAs. They impact main health determinants in complex ways, for instance inequality and poverty and can elevate the inequalities factors within and between the nations. By analysing the highlighted issues, it has been suggested to re-structure the basic TIAs structure, as executed by the outlined comprehensive approach.