Hiding Data in the Blue Channel

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (15) ◽  
pp. 198-1-198-7
Author(s):  
Robert Ulichney ◽  
Matthew Gaubatz
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Background Color ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Blue Channel ◽  
Dot Gain ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Blue Component ◽  
Color Combinations

To enable the track and trace of pages from a color printer, data must be embedded and recoverable across the entire page regardless of the content on that page. This paper describes a solution that allows low visibility and high detectability of databearing “dot signatures”. An analysis of optimum dot-color to background-color combinations uncovers the serendipitous method of “Blue Clipping,” operating only on the blue component, exploiting low visual sensitivity to the blue channel. Blue Clipping is compared to the method of yellow dots, and the problem of dot gain for shadow dots is addressed. While initially designed for enterprise printers, this new technology is also adding functionality to 3D objects. It enables visually pleasing yet robustly recoverable data markings from a small region anywhere on a printed surface, without the need for costly special inks.

The Effective Use of Color for Text on the IBM 5153 Color Display

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Lalomia ◽  
Alan J. Happ
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Joint Function ◽  
Application Program ◽  
Color Display ◽  
Subjective Preference ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Effective Use

The goal of this research was to provide a set of criteria for the effective use of color on the IBM 5153 Color Display. Available guidelines provide direction but not the detail required for application programmers. This study examined character legibility and subjective preference for color combinations in text in an application program. The effectiveness of color combinations was defined as a joint function of response time and subjective rating. The graphs of foreground/background color relationships show the observers' performance as a function of their preference. The results indicated the flexibility of black or blue backgrounds. The findings are discussed with respect to principles of human perception.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of text-background color combinations on the dynamics of the accommodative response

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo Jiménez ◽  
Beatriz Redondo ◽  
Rubén Molina ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-Domingo ◽  
Javier Hernández-Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Background Color ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Accommodative Response ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Short Term Effects

Effects of Character/Background Color Combinations on CRT Character Legibility

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 779-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. McTyre ◽  
W. David Frommer
Keyword(s):  
Background Color ◽  
Color Combination ◽  
Software Designers ◽  
Color Combinations

Color is frequently used to enhance computer displays. However, observations indicate that software designers may not always use color to advantage. This study indicates that legibility can be significantly reduced with inappropriate character/background color combination implementation. It also presents a technique for determining character legibility when color is used.

scholarly journals Using Single Colors and Color Pairs to Communicate Basic Tastes II: Foreground–Background Color Combinations

i-Perception ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 204166951666375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy T. Woods ◽  
Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos ◽  
Carlos Velasco ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
Background Color ◽  
Color Combinations

Effects of Color on Legibility of Displayed Text

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-595
Author(s):  
Catherine G. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Reading Time ◽  
Potential Usefulness ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Color Combination ◽  
Color Displays ◽  
Scanning Task ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Good Agreement

The increasing use of color displays in business, residential, and laboratory settings has resulted in the need for guidelines for the use of different combinations of colors for the display of text. The purpose of this study was to assess the legibility of a number of combinations of text and background colors for the display of text on home television sets and color monitors. The experiment used a list-scanning task. Each combination of text and background color was tested in a separate list. Reading time for each color combination was recorded. In addition, ratings of readability and pleasantness were collected. The results indicated that there were large differences between the legibility of particular color combinations. There was good agreement among subjects and also between performance and subjective measures. The potential usefulness of the methodology for determining general predictive rules for the legibility of color combinations will be discussed.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Dental Caries and the Salivary Proline-Rich Proteins

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Levine
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Chromosome 12 ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
The Us ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries affects 28% of children aged 2–6 in the US and is not decreasing. There is a well-recognized need to identify susceptible children at birth. Caries-free adults neutralize bacterial acids in dental biofilms better than adults with severe caries. Saliva contains acidic and basic proline-rich proteins (PRPs) which attach to oral streptococci. The PRPs are encoded within a small region of chromosome 12. An acidic PRP allele (Db) protects Caucasian children from caries but is more common in African Americans. Some basic PRP allelic phenotypes have a three-fold greater frequency in caries-free adults than in those with severe caries. Early childhood caries may associate with an absence of certain basic PRP alleles which bind oral streptococci, neutralize biofilm acids, and are in linkage disequilibrium with Db in Caucasians. The encoding of basic PRP alleles is updated and a new technology for genotyping them is described.

Effects of Ambient Illumination, Luminance Contrast, and Stimulus Type on Subjective Preference of VDT Target and Background Color Combinations

2008 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kong-King Shieh ◽  
Yen-Kung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Visual Display ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Combination ◽  
Visual Display Terminal ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Subjective Preference ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Better Than

This study investigated the effects of the target and background color combination on subjective preference, i.e., aesthetic appearance, legibility and visual comfort, of stimuli presented on a visual display terminal under various ambient illuminations, luminance contrasts, and stimulus types. Analysis showed the main effect of color combination was significant for the three dependent variables. Black-on-white and blue-on-white were the most preferred combinations, while turquoise-on-green and turquoise-on-red were the least preferred. A sign was rated better than text. The significant interaction between color combination and luminance contrast indicated that more preferred color combinations were rated better under higher luminance contrast, whereas less preferred color combinations had better ratings under lower luminance contrast.

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