Effects of Character/Background Color Combinations on CRT Character Legibility

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 779-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. McTyre ◽  
W. David Frommer
Keyword(s):  
Background Color ◽  
Color Combination ◽  
Software Designers ◽  
Color Combinations

Color is frequently used to enhance computer displays. However, observations indicate that software designers may not always use color to advantage. This study indicates that legibility can be significantly reduced with inappropriate character/background color combination implementation. It also presents a technique for determining character legibility when color is used.

Effects of Color on Legibility of Displayed Text

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-595
Author(s):  
Catherine G. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Reading Time ◽  
Potential Usefulness ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Color Combination ◽  
Color Displays ◽  
Scanning Task ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Good Agreement

The increasing use of color displays in business, residential, and laboratory settings has resulted in the need for guidelines for the use of different combinations of colors for the display of text. The purpose of this study was to assess the legibility of a number of combinations of text and background colors for the display of text on home television sets and color monitors. The experiment used a list-scanning task. Each combination of text and background color was tested in a separate list. Reading time for each color combination was recorded. In addition, ratings of readability and pleasantness were collected. The results indicated that there were large differences between the legibility of particular color combinations. There was good agreement among subjects and also between performance and subjective measures. The potential usefulness of the methodology for determining general predictive rules for the legibility of color combinations will be discussed.

Effects of Ambient Illumination, Luminance Contrast, and Stimulus Type on Subjective Preference of VDT Target and Background Color Combinations

2008 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kong-King Shieh ◽  
Yen-Kung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Visual Display ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Combination ◽  
Visual Display Terminal ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Subjective Preference ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Better Than

This study investigated the effects of the target and background color combination on subjective preference, i.e., aesthetic appearance, legibility and visual comfort, of stimuli presented on a visual display terminal under various ambient illuminations, luminance contrasts, and stimulus types. Analysis showed the main effect of color combination was significant for the three dependent variables. Black-on-white and blue-on-white were the most preferred combinations, while turquoise-on-green and turquoise-on-red were the least preferred. A sign was rated better than text. The significant interaction between color combination and luminance contrast indicated that more preferred color combinations were rated better under higher luminance contrast, whereas less preferred color combinations had better ratings under lower luminance contrast.

Effects of Display Characteristics and Individual Differences on Preferences of VDT Icon Design

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kong-King Shieh ◽  
Ya-Hsien Ko
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Combination ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Single Presentation ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Chromatic Color ◽  
Icon Design

This study explored the effects of display characteristics such as target/background color combination, single/simultaneous presentation, and individual differences by sex, and design specialty on preferences of VDT icon design. The results indicated black targets (black-on-white, black-on-yellow) and black backgrounds (red-on-black, yellow-on-black) were the most popular and white targets (white-on-red, white-on-black) and white backgrounds (blue-on-white, red-on-white) were the second most popular. As for the chromatic color combinations, yellow-on-blue was the most favored. Subjects rated color combinations under single presentation higher than those under simultaneous presentation. Women rated purplish targets and rated purplish and blue backgrounds higher than men. Subjects with design background favored black more either as a target or background, but they favored turquoise less than those without design background.

The Effective Use of Color for Text on the IBM 5153 Color Display

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Lalomia ◽  
Alan J. Happ
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Joint Function ◽  
Application Program ◽  
Color Display ◽  
Subjective Preference ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Effective Use

The goal of this research was to provide a set of criteria for the effective use of color on the IBM 5153 Color Display. Available guidelines provide direction but not the detail required for application programmers. This study examined character legibility and subjective preference for color combinations in text in an application program. The effectiveness of color combinations was defined as a joint function of response time and subjective rating. The graphs of foreground/background color relationships show the observers' performance as a function of their preference. The results indicated the flexibility of black or blue backgrounds. The findings are discussed with respect to principles of human perception.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of text-background color combinations on the dynamics of the accommodative response

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo Jiménez ◽  
Beatriz Redondo ◽  
Rubén Molina ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-Domingo ◽  
Javier Hernández-Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Background Color ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Accommodative Response ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals The Effects of Ambient Illumination, Color Combination, Sign Height, and Observation Angle on the Legibility of Wayfinding Signs in Metro Stations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Shi ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Chaoyang Li ◽  
Shengqiang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Service Level ◽  
Observation Angle ◽  
Ambient Illumination ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Color Combination ◽  
Black Background ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
White Target ◽  
Chromatic Color

Well-designed wayfinding signs play an important role in improving the service level of metro stations, ensuring the safety of passengers in evacuation, and promoting the sustainable development of public transport. This study explored the effects of ambient illumination, color combination, sign height, and observation angle on wayfinding signs’ legibility in metro stations. In the experiment, simulated metro-wayfinding signs were made to test legibility. As designed, the legibility was measured based on the following independent variables: two levels of ambient illumination (70 lux and 273 lux), two target/background color combinations (achromatic-white target on black background, chromatic-yellow target on black background), two sign heights (1.5 m and 2 m), and three observation angles (0°, 45°, 70°). The results showed that brighter ambient illumination provided passengers with higher legibility. Achromatic color combination was more legible than chromatic color combination, but not significantly. Different types of signs, set at different height, did not directly affect legibility. Observation angle had significant effects on legibility. Visibility catchment area of wayfinding signs was like an ellipse, with its short axis nearly equal to the legibility distance of the sign at 0 degrees. The findings will facilitate the layout and setting location of wayfinding signs in metro stations and improve the level of wayfinding service.

scholarly journals Development of Standards for Production of an Exit Sign Lighting to Minimize Human Reaction Time - Part II: Combination of Graphical Symbol Colours

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Ryun-Seok Oh ◽  
Jun-Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
White Background ◽  
Color Combination ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Human Reaction ◽  
Light Region ◽  
Graphic Symbol ◽  
Time Part ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Human Reaction Time

In emergency situations, exit sign lightings play a role in reducing evacuation time for occupants by providing accurate and prompt information on the correct evacuation direction. In other words, it can be said that the better the recognition of exit sign lighting, the greater the probability of securing the safety of life because the evacuation route information is given to the occupants and eventually the time taken for route selection and movement is shortened. In this study, human reaction time was measured for 27 kinds of graphic symbol color combinations of exit sign lightings in the visible light region, and through this, a graphic symbol color combination that can minimize reaction time to exit sign lightings was derived. As a result, it was found that the color combination of green and white background color, which is currently mainly used in Korea, has the shortest reaction time.

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