Evaluating college students’ performance of Arabic typeface style, font size, page layout and foreground/background color combinations of e-book materials

We present the results of an experimental study towards modeling the reader's emotional state variations induced by the typographic elements in electronic documents. Based on the dimensional theory of emotions we investigate how typographic elements, like font style (bold, italics, bold-italics) and font (type, size, color and background color), affect the reader's emotional states, namely, Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (PAD). An experimental procedure was implemented conforming to International Affective Picture System guidelines and incorporating the Self-Assessment Manikin test. Thirty students participated in the experiment. The stimulus was a short paragraph of text for which any content, emotion, and/or domain dependent information was excluded. The Analysis of Variance revealed the dependency of (a) all the three emotional dimensions on font size and font/background color combinations and (b) the Pleasure dimension on font type and font style. We introduce a set of mapping rules showing how PAD vary on the discrete values of font style and font type elements. Moreover, we introduce a set of equations describing the PAD dimensions' dependency on font size. This novel model can contribute to the automated reader's emotional state extraction in order, for example, to enhance the acoustic rendition of the documents, utilizing text-to-speech synthesis.

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EFFECTS OF AMBIENT ILLUMINATION, LUMINANCE CONTRAST, AND STIMULUS TYPE ON SUBJECTIVE PREFERENCE OF VDT TARGET AND BACKGROUND COLOR COMBINATIONS

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.107.6.336-352 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 107 (6) ◽

pp. 336 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

KONG-KING SHIEH

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Type ◽

Luminance Contrast ◽

Background Color ◽

Ambient Illumination ◽

Subjective Preference ◽

Color Combinations

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RETRACTION NOTE: Les structures des phrases dans les tracts du mai 1968

Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities ◽

10.29037/digitalpress.43323 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 00047

Author(s):

Nokiamy Sesena Tamba ◽

Myrna Laksman-Huntley

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Public Domain ◽

Background Color ◽

Font Size ◽

Analytical Error ◽

Social Sciences And Humanities ◽

Retracted Article ◽

Du Mai ◽

Web Archive ◽

Digital Press

As of October 15, 2019, the following article is being retracted from the UGM Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities series.“Les structures des phrases dans les tracts du mai 1968” by Nokiamy Sesena Tamba and Myrna Laksman-Huntley, Social Sciences and Humanities Series Vol 3: 00033, Proceeding of Conférence internationale sur le français 2018, Joesana Tjahjani, Merry Andriani, Sajarwa, Wening Udasmoro (eds) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.43306" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1rem;">https://doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.43306</a>The original article is registered through this URL <a href="https://digitalpress.ugm.ac.id/article/306" target="_blank">https://digitalpress.ugm.ac.id/article/306</a>as decided by authors and conference organizers on the basis of analytical error. It may encourage potential misleading circulation of information in the future.On the following exchange of information with the publisher, it has been decided that the article will be retracted.The retracted article will remain in public domain, that is maintaining its appearance on UGM Digital Press web archive and the Conférence internationale sur le français 2018 printed version. However, it will receive a watermark to accentuate its retracted status.

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The Effective Use of Color for Text on the IBM 5153 Color Display

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193128703101003 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 1091-1095 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mary J. Lalomia ◽

Alan J. Happ

Keyword(s):

Response Time ◽

Human Perception ◽

Subjective Rating ◽

Background Color ◽

Joint Function ◽

Application Program ◽

Color Display ◽

Subjective Preference ◽

Color Combinations ◽

Effective Use

The goal of this research was to provide a set of criteria for the effective use of color on the IBM 5153 Color Display. Available guidelines provide direction but not the detail required for application programmers. This study examined character legibility and subjective preference for color combinations in text in an application program. The effectiveness of color combinations was defined as a joint function of response time and subjective rating. The graphs of foreground/background color relationships show the observers' performance as a function of their preference. The results indicated the flexibility of black or blue backgrounds. The findings are discussed with respect to principles of human perception.

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Aportes de la Tradición Jurídica Anglosajona al derecho de contratos de tendencia global

IUSTA ◽

10.15332/s1900-0448.2012.0036.01 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (36) ◽

Author(s):

Joaquín Acosta

Keyword(s):

Background Color ◽

White Space ◽

Font Size ◽

Normal Line

<span style="color: #8e8e99; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Desde la antiguedad misma se ha reconocido que el orden público y las buenas costumbres son nociones que imponen límites a la libertad de los negociantes; igualmente se ha reconocido que se trata de nociones legalmente indefinidas y, por lo tanto, de contenido variable, dependiento de la interpretación jurisprudencial que el respectivo operador jurídico haga en cada momento histórico. En la presente épocala jurisprudencia estatal ha sido la gran insporadora de interpretaciones que incorporan postulados acordes con la era global, estableciendo un contenido material que los Estados deberán respetar para lograr los objetivos transnacionales de lo jurídico, entre otros, el de establecer una base uniforme de reglas de juego económicas, que no deben ser ajenas a un imperativo universal de justicia en materia contractual.

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Investigations of Latrine Coverage and Associated Factors Among Debretabor Town, Amhara Region North West Ethiopia

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/ijphs.v5i2.4777 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Yilkal Tafere ◽

Mirkuzie Woldie ◽

Henok Assefa

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Educational Status ◽

Background Color ◽

White Space ◽

Font Size ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Stroke Width ◽

Model Family

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Studies in a number of countries have shown that wherever inappropraite waste disposal morbidity and mortality rates are high. Although latrine coverage is an important indicator for measuring success of the health service program; data on latrine coverage scarce in the study area. Objective: To investigate latrine coverage and associated factors in among households of Debretabor town, Amhara region, Ethiopia. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Debretabor town from September 1-30, 2013. A total of 422 households were included in the study using systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Degree of association between independent and dependent variables was assessed with a 95% confidence level and p-value less than 0.05 was used to detect statistical significance. Result: In this study. Ninety three point five percent of households have latrine. Graduated as model family was predictor for availability of latrine (AOR= 3.18,). Income and house ownership were also found to be predictors for availability of latrine (AOR=3.70), (AOR=8.46), respectively. Educational status of respondents was found to be predictors for availability of latrine (AOR= 2.65). Conclusion: latrine coverage was relatively lower from the national target of 100%, still there are households that use open defication. Educational status, house owner shipe, income and graduated as model family were main factors affecting latrine availability. Improving socio economic status of households, provision of continuous advice and technical support at household level on the availability of latrine are recommended.

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Sleep Habits and Occurrence of Lowback Pain among Craftsmen

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/ijphs.v3i2.4681 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Gabriel Omoniyi Ayeni ◽

Oladire Olaniyi ◽

Oluwasegun A Ayeni

Keyword(s):

Background Color ◽

White Space ◽

Font Size ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Objective ◽

Stroke Width ◽

Sleeping Habits ◽

Lowback Pain

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability with high economic <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">and public health consequences. The study objective is to determine the <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">association between sleeping habits and occurrence of lowback pain <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">among craftsmen in Owerri. From April to May, 2012, a cross-sectional <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">survey of randomly selected 500 craft workers was done. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and selected lifestyle were collected using an interviewer semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive, inferential statistics of chi square and multiple <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">regressions. The findings of multiple regression analyses showed respondents who sleep on soft/saggy surface were almost 5 times more <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">likely to develop LBP independently compared to those with relatively <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">firm/hard surface (OR = 4.56; CI = 2.62 - 7.94; p = 0.001). Craftsmen<br style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" /><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">with unsteady sleeping posture were twice likely to develop LBP (OR=2.10, CI = 1.04 - 4.25, p<0.001). Longitudinal study is warranted <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">to further explore the relationship between sleep habits and lowback pain.

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Demanda por ensino superior: o caso da Universidade Federal da Bahia

Estudos em Avaliação Educacional ◽

10.18222/eae02920042161 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Cláudio Pondé Avena

Keyword(s):

Background Color ◽

White Space ◽

Font Size ◽

Normal Text ◽

De Se ◽

Normal Word ◽

Capital Humano ◽

Normal Background

<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia inovadora para estimação da demanda por educação. Além disso, ele estima, em seção transversal, as demandas agregadas pelos cursos existentes na UFBa a partir da base de dados do Vestibular para os anos de 1993 a 2001(exceto os anos de 1996, 1999 e 2000). Para isto, desenvolvem-se modelos de estimação do custo de oportunidade e de renda vitalícia do aluno. Esta última pode ser interpretada como o estoque de capital humano do indivíduo com educação superior na Região Metropolitana de Salvador. Os modelos estimados apresentam um poder de explicação excepcionalmente alto, com especial destaque para a renda vitalícia, que explica mais de 80% da variabilidade da demanda. Isto demonstra a viabilidade de se utilizar o número de matrículas como <em style="color: #000000; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: verdana, arial; font-size: 13px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">proxy<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">para o estoque de capital humano em modelos de crescimento econômico, como é usual na literatura de <em style="color: #000000; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: verdana, arial; font-size: 13px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">growth<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> <em style="color: #000000; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: verdana, arial; font-size: 13px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">accounting<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">. Outros resultados são apresentados, como as elasticidades da demanda e a taxa marginal de substituição entre o custo de oportunidade e a renda vitalícia.

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