scholarly journals The Run up Tsunami Modeling in Bengkulu using the Spatial Interpolation of Kriging Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulian Fauzi ◽  
Suwarsono Suwarsono ◽  
Zulfia Memi Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
The City ◽  
Flooded Areas

This research aims to design a tsunami hazard zone with the scenario of tsunami run-up height variation based on land use, slope and distance from the shoreline. The method used in this research is spatial modelling with GIS via Ordinary Kriging interpolation technique. Kriging interpolation method that is the best in this study is shown by Circular Kriging method with good semivariogram and RMSE values which are small compared to other RMSE kriging methods. The results shows that the area affected by the tsunami inundation run-up height, slope and land use. In the run-up to 30 meters, flooded areas are about 3,148.99 hectares or 20.7% of the total area of the city of Bengkulu.

Numerical Investigation of the Identifiability of Elastomer Mechanical Properties by Nano-Indentation and Shape-Manifold Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumaima Ezzaamari ◽  
Guénhaël Le Quilliec ◽  
Florian Lacroix ◽  
Stéphane Méo
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Hyper Elastic ◽  
Characterization Test

ABSTRACT Various research is covering instrumented nano-indentation in the literature. However, studies on this characterization test remain limited when it comes to the local mechanical behavior of elastomeric materials. The application of nano-indentation on these materials is a difficult task given their complex mechanical and structural characteristics. We try to overcome these experimental limitations and find an effective numerical approach for local mechanical characterization of hyper-elastic materials. For such needs, we carried out a numerical study based on model reduction and shape manifold approach to investigate the parameters identification of different hyper-elastic constitutive laws by using instrumented indentation. Similarly, we studied the influence of the indenter geometry, the friction coefficient variation, and finally the indented material height effect. To this end, we constructed a reduced order model through a design of experiments by proper orthogonal decomposition combined with the kriging interpolation method.

scholarly journals Estimation of Ice Thickness and the Features of Subglacial Media Detected by Ground Penetrating Radar at the Baishui River Glacier No. 1 in Mt. Yulong, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4105
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Shijin Wang ◽  
Yuanqing He ◽  
Yuqiang Li ◽  
Yuzhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Bedrock Surface ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we measured and estimated the ice thickness of the Baishui River Glacier No. 1 of Yulong Snow Mountain. According to the position of the reflected media from the GPR image, combined with the radar waveform amplitude and polarity change information, the ice thickness and the changing medium position at the bottom of this temperate glacier were identified. Water paths were found in the measured ice, including ice caves and crevasses. A debris-rich ice layer was found at the bottom of the glacier, which produces strong abrasion and ploughing action at the bedrock surface. This results in the formation of different detrital layers stagnated at the ice-bedrock interface and numerous crevasses on the bedrock surface. Based on the obtained ice thickness and differential GPS data, combined with Landsat images, the kriging interpolation method was used to obtain grid data. The average ice thickness was 52.48 m and between 4740 and 4890 m above sea level, with a maximum depth of 92.83 m. The bedrock topography map of this area was drawn using digital elevation model from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The central part of the glacier was characterized by small ice basins with distributed ice steps and ice ridges at the upper and lower parts.

High-Resolution Digital Elevation and Bathymetry Model for Tsunami Run-Up and Inundation Simulation in Penang

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 1941001
Author(s):  
Su Yean Teh ◽  
Hock Lye Koh ◽  
Yong Hui Lim
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Topographic Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Many beaches in Penang island were severely inundated by the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean mega tsunami with 57 deaths recorded. It is anticipated that the next big tsunami will cause even more damages to beaches in Penang. Hence, developing community resilience against the risks of the next tsunami is essential. Resilience entails many interlinked components, beginning with a good understanding of the inundation scenarios critical to community evacuation and resilience preparation. Inundation scenarios are developed from tsunami simulations involving all three phases of tsunami generation, propagation and run-up. Accurate and high-resolution bathymetric–topographic maps are essential for simulations of tsunami wave inundation along beaches. Bathymetric maps contain information on the depths of landforms below sea level while topographic maps reveal the elevation of landforms above sea level. Bathymetric and topographic datasets for Malaysia are, however, currently not integrated and are available separately and in different formats, not suitable for inundation simulations. Bathymetric data are controlled by the National Hydrographic Centre (NHC) of the Royal Malaysian Navy while topographic data are serviced by the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM). It is highly desirable to have seamless integration of high-resolution bathymetric and topographic data for tsunami simulations and for other scientific studies. In this paper, we develop a robust method for integrating the NHC bathymetric and JUPEM topographic data into a regularly-spaced grid system essential for tsunami simulation. A primary objective of this paper is to develop the best Digital Elevation and Bathymetry Model (DEBM) for Penang based upon the most suitable and accurate interpolation method for integrating bathymetric and topographic data with minimal interpolation errors. We analyze four commonly used interpolation methods for generating gridded topographic and bathymetric surfaces, namely (i) Kriging, (ii) Multiquadric (MQ), (iii) Thin Plate Spline (TPS) and (iv) Inverse Distance to Power (IDP). The study illustrated that the Kriging interpolation method produces an integrated bathymetric and topographic surface that best approximates the admiralty nautical chart of Penang essential for tsunami run-up and inundation simulations. Tsunami inundation scenarios critical to risk analysis and mitigation could then be developed using this DEBM for various earthquake scenarios, as presented in this paper for the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami.

Tsunami and Seismic Damage Caused by the Earthquake Off Iquique, Chile, in April, 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1640003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tomita ◽  
Kentaro Kumagai ◽  
Cyril Mokrani ◽  
Rodrigo Cienfuegos ◽  
Hisashi Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Damage ◽  
South American ◽  
Nazca Plate ◽  
South American Plate ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
The City

On Tuesday, April 1, 2014, at 8:46 p.m. local time in Chile, a subduction earthquake of Mw 8.2 occurred about 100[Formula: see text]km northwest of the city of Iquique, where the Nazca plate subducts beneath the South American plate. This earthquake triggered a tsunami, which hit coastal areas in northern Chile. A joint Japan–Chile team conducted a post-tsunami field survey to measure the height of the tsunami traces and to investigate the damage caused by the earthquake and tsunami. Based on measurements of the tsunami traces, it is estimated that a tsunami 3–4[Formula: see text]m in height hit the coast from Arica, which is near the border between Chile and Peru, to Patache, south of Iquique, a straight-line distance of approximately 260[Formula: see text]km. The tsunami caused only minor inundations near shorelines, and caused no damage to buildings because living spaces were higher than the tsunami run-up height. Seismic damage was more extensive than that caused by the tsunami, especially in Iquique, and included the destruction of houses, buildings, and other infrastructure. It also ignited fires. In the Port of Iquique, a wharf, before earthquake-resistant improvements were implemented, was destroyed by the strong ground motions that resulted from the earthquake.

Numerical Modeling of Fracture Process Using Element-Free Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Cheng Fan
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Computational Accuracy ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Solution Domain ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Finite Covers ◽  
Crack Problems ◽  
Cover Systems ◽  
Element Free

A new element-free formulation of Kriging interpolation procedure based on finite covers technique and Kriging interpolation method which integrates the flexibilities of the manifold method in dealing with discontinuity and the element-free features of the moving Kriging interpolation. Two cover systems are employed in this method. Mathematical cover of the solution domain under consideration are used to construct shape function and physical cover is used to reproduce the geometry of the solution domain. The mathematical covers can take any types of shape and is much easily formed compared with those in the conventional MM. The presented method can overcome some difficulties in conventional element-free Galerkin methods in treating discontinuous crack problems. The fundamental theory of this procedure is illustrated and numerical analyses of examples show that the proposed procedure is an effective and simple method with higher computational accuracy.

Integration of statistical and spatial methods for distributing precipitation in tropical areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Abedini ◽  
Md Azlin Md Said ◽  
Fauziah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Topographical Factors

The high spatial resolution of precipitation distribution is a major concern for experts in environmental research and planning. This paper establishes a combination of multivariate regression algorithm and spatial analysis to predict distribution of precipitation, considering the four topographical factors of altitude, slope, aspect and location. Annual average and seasonal rainfall data were collected in nine rain gauges in Ulu Kinta Catchment in East Malaysia from 1974 to 2010. To examine records and fill gaps from long-term rain gauges, homogeneity analysis was performed using the double-mass curve method. Estimated missing rainfall data were also tested using index gauges from network rainfall stations. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to propose an empirical equation for the study area. Topographical factors were considered from a 90 m resolution digital elevation model. The multivariate regression model was found to clarify 74% of spatial variability of precipitation on annual average and 78% during wet season. However, the correlation coefficient for the dry season decreased sharply to 63%. By using the kriging interpolation method, the estimated annual average improved to 78.4%; the average improved to 65.2 and 80.3% in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. This confirms the efficiency and significance of the model and its potential for use in other tropical catchments.

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