The Ecclesiastical Organization of Central Greece at the Time of Michael Choniates

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Herrin
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Byzantine Church ◽  
Expanding Population ◽  
New Evidence

This chapter examines the ecclesiastical organization of Central Greece at the time when Michael Choniates was Metropolitan of Athens (1182–1205). Using new evidence from the Codex Atheniensis 1371, it considers the state of the Byzantine church in Central Greece during the period. The Codex Atheniensis is a manuscript that contains a Notitia episcopatuum (list of metropolitans and bishops subject to the patriarchate of Constantinople). To establish the ecclesiastical sees in Central Greece at the end of the twelfth century, it is necessary to distinguish between several Notitiae. The evidence suggests that at least ten new bishoprics had been created in Central Greece since the time of the Emperor John Tzimiskes. The chapter argues that these new bishoprics were created to meet an immediate need—an expanding Orthodox population. An expanding population, combined with a developing economy, indicates that Central Greece was possibly experiencing prosperity.

Bastard Feudalism and the Framing of Thirteenth-Century England

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Coss
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

In the introduction to his great work of 2005, Framing the Early Middle Ages, Chris Wickham urged not only the necessity of carefully framing our studies at the outset but also the importance of closely defining the words and concepts that we employ, the avoidance ‘cultural sollipsism’ wherever possible and the need to pay particular attention to continuities and discontinuities. Chris has, of course, followed these precepts on a vast scale. My aim in this chapter is a modest one. I aim to review the framing of thirteenth-century England in terms of two only of Chris’s themes: the aristocracy and the state—and even then primarily in terms of the relationship between the two. By the thirteenth century I mean a long thirteenth century stretching from the period of the Angevin reforms of the later twelfth century on the one hand to the early to mid-fourteenth on the other; the reasons for taking this span will, I hope, become clearer during the course of the chapter, but few would doubt that it has a validity.

Bodily Adornment and Modification in Byzantium

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-116
Author(s):  
Alicia Walker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Byzantine Church ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Focusing on Early and Middle Byzantine (fourth-to-twelfth-century) objects, images, and texts, this essay explores the tension between, on the one hand, efforts of the Byzantine church and state to discourage and control bodily adornment and modification and, on the other hand, the extensive evidence of widespread and immoderate engagement with these practices. The enhancement and manipulation of Byzantine bodies is considered as both a real and a metaphoric phenomenon. Evidence culled from secular and sacred, written and material sources demonstrates the importance of bodily adornment and modification to our understanding of Byzantine material and visual culture.

scholarly journals The wall-paintings of Saint Constantine at Missochori: New evidence concerning middle Byzantine Nissyros, Greece

Zograf ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Angeliki Katsioti ◽  
Nikolaos Mastrochristos
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Church

The complex of the churches of Saint Constantine and Saint Mamas is located at Missochori, close to the capital of the island of Nissyros, Greece. The first church preserves wall-paintings dated to the end of the twelfth century, shared donation of two monasteries/churches. The paintings are partly repainted, probably in 1318/1319. Both the murals and the two inscriptions of the church provide new evidence concerning mediaeval Nissyros.

scholarly journals Allocation under Dictatorship: Research in Stalin's Archives

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gregory ◽  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
State Party ◽  
Stalin Era ◽  
New Evidence

We survey recent research on the Soviet economy in the state, party, and military archives of the Stalin era. The archives have provided rich new evidence on the economic arrangements of a command system under a powerful dictator including Stalin's role in the making of the economic system and economic policy, Stalin's accumulation objectives and the constraints that limited his power to achieve them, the limits to administrative allocation, the information flows and incentives that governed the behavior of economic managers, the scope and significance of corruption and market-oriented behavior, and the prospects for economic reform.

Pausanias

Classics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Hutton
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Eyewitness Account ◽  
Organizational Construct ◽  
Regional Histories ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Of Greece

Pausanias was a Greek author of the second century ce (b. c. 115–d. c. 180), whose only known work is the Periegesis Hellados (variously translated as “Description of Greece,” “Guide to Greece,” etc.). The Periegesis is a ten-volume, topographically organized account of the heart of mainland Greece, covering Attica, the Peloponnesus, and central Greece as far west as Delphi and a bit beyond, and comprising descriptions of sites and monuments, local and regional histories, mythical and folkloric traditions, and accounts of religious customs and rituals. Although there was some doubt about this in previous centuries, it is now generally accepted that the work is based on Pausanias’s own travels and investigations in the region, and that it provides a unique and valuable eyewitness account of the state of Greece in the author’s own time. Pausanias presents the information that he gathers in an orderly and interconnected series of itineraries. This has fooled more than one reader into treating the text as a sequential account of a single tour that Pausanias took through Greece. In reality, Pausanias was at work on the Periegesis for a number of decades and probably made several visits to many of the sites he describes. The structure of his itineraries is thus a deliberate organizational construct rather than a record of his movements. Pausanias frequently tells the reader that his account is extremely selective. He aims to record only the most noteworthy of Greece’s cities, shrines, and monuments, and the most important historical and mythical traditions associated with them. What he chooses to include and exclude reflects a preference for the ancient over the contemporary and the religious over the secular. Despite these limitations, his account has served as an invaluable source of information for archaeologists, historians, art historians, and a wide variety of scholars in other disciplines. In recent years, Pausanias has also received recognition as an interesting representative of 2nd-century mentalities and ideologies.

Orientation within Early Medieval Cemeteries: Some Data from North-West Wales

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Longley
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Solar Observation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
North West ◽  
New Evidence

In volume 81 of the Antiquaries Journal, AH and Cunich presented new evidence in respect of the orientation of eleventh- and twelfth-century churches. The object of their research was to test whether the important churches of the early second millennium in England might have been aligned using a magnetic compass. Their data, meticulously collected, led them to conclude that only in a very small number of instances could the use of a magnetic compass have been possible and that solar observation was, in a significant number of instances, the determinant of orientation. More particularly, the rising of the sun above the horizon and possibly, though less frequently, the setting sun, provided the alignment. It was possible to show a close correlation with sunrise or sunset at patronal feast days, that is, the day on which the venerated saint was believed to have died, at Easter and on true east, determined by equinoctial sunrise.

Trends and Disparities in Leave Use under California's Paid Family Leave Program: New Evidence from Administrative Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 388-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bana ◽  
Kelly Bedard ◽  
Maya Rossin-Slater
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Disability Insurance ◽  
The State ◽  
Family Leave ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Paid Family Leave ◽  
New Evidence

We use novel administrative data to study trends and disparities in usage of California's first-in-the-nation paid family leave (PFL) program. We show that take-up for both bonding with a new child and caring for an ill family member increased over 2005-2014. Most women combine PFL with maternity leave from the State Disability Insurance system, resulting in leaves longer than 6 weeks. Most men take less than the full 6 weeks of PFL. Individuals in the lowest earnings quartile and in small firms are the least likely to take leave. There are important differences in take-up across industries, especially for men.

The Waldensian Recourse to Violence

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna K. Treesh
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Reformation

From their origins in the twelfth century to their support for and involvement in the Reformation in the sixteenth, the Waldensian heretics professed nonviolence as one of their beliefs. Later Protestant and Catholic polemicists equated the profession of nonviolence with a policy and bestowed upon the sect a reputation as one of the precursors of religious pacifism. More recent scholars have noted that the heretics at least occasionally employed violence. I will argue that lay Waldensian believers, called credentes, reacted violently to persecution and learned to employ aggression in pursuit of political goals. In the later Middle Ages, at least, Waldensians resorted to violence on enough occasions and in enough different locations to justify dropping the idea that they were a nonviolent group. Their use of violence did become more sophisticated—that is, more closely connected to political goals—during the fifteenth century as access to representatives of the state increased.

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