scholarly journals Evaluation of water and ammonium acetate tests as indices for available P in limed soils

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Salt Addition ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Extraction Test ◽  
Soluble P

The water and acid acetate extractions as predictors of the P uptake by plants were compared in a two-year pot experiment and a simultaneous incubation test. The accuracy of these methods was dissimilarly affected by individual cultivation measures, such as the addition of nutrient salts and liming. In contrast to acetate-extractable P, the water-soluble P proved to be sensitive to the salt addition reducing the water extraction test values markedly. On the other hand, in limed soils the water-soluble P seemed to be more closely related to the P uptake by plants than the acetate-extractable P which tended to overestimate available reserves.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY FROM UNREACTIVE TOGO PHOSPHATE ROCK BY LEGUME AND CEREAL CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alex Boateng ◽  
Prof. Emmanuel Owusu- Bennoah
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

Purpose: In recent years, phosphate rock (PR) for direct application has been tested in tropical acid soils as a potential alternative to conventional water-soluble P fertilizers like Single Superphosphate (SSP) and Triple Superphosphate (TSP). However, direct application of PR with low reactivity does not always give satisfactory results. Legume and cereal crops represent a strategy that can be used to solubilize P from some of these unreactive PRs. The objective of this study was to assess the availability of P from unreactive Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR) relative to TSP by six (6) crop species in two Ghanaian soils. Methodology:  The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Crop Science Department, University of Ghana. Three P rates, 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TPR and TSP were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in the two soil series. Randomized Complete Block Design was used to do the analyses. Results/Findings: Application of TSP resulted in higher dry matter and P uptake irrespective of the soil type. Among the legumes, cowpea gave the highest dry matter yield. Fairly, a similar trend was obtained with the application of TPR. Among the cereals, the average P uptake by sorghum from TPR was the highest, followed by maize and millet in the Nzema soil. In the Adenta series, P uptake by maize was the highest, followed by sorghum and millet. Phosphorus (P) uptake by the cereals from TPR was generally better in the Adenta than the Nzema soil. Unique contribution to theories, practice and policy: Results show increasing the rate of TPR to 100mg P/pot resulted in an increase in dry matter yield and P uptake in both soils, but was inferior to 100mg P/pot TSP application. Consequently, the rate of application of TPR should always be high if farmers want the best from their investments. Again, the low relative agronomic effectiveness of TPR for all the crops, proved the low reactivity of the material and its subsequent low performance compared with the water-soluble P. The low reactivity and the high molar mass of PO43-/CO32- of the TPR will always make it difficult for P to be made available from the TPR despite the acidity of the soil, the high density of the crops and the ability of the tested crops to exude organic acids, which facilitate phosphorus availability from TPR, therefore making TPR unsuitable for direct application.

scholarly journals Effect of liming on phosphorus in two soils of different organic matter content: II Changes in the availability of phosphorus to turnip rape (Brassica campestris) 

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-362
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
P Removal

The effect of calcitic limestone treatments on the availability of P to turnip rape was studied with two acid mineral soils of pH 4.8 (CaCl2) in a pot experiment during two growing seasons. The soil reactions of a connected incubation test served to interpret the results obtained in the pot experiment. The experimental soils represented soil types of dissimilar responses to liming in regard to P availability. In the muddy fine sand (3 % of org. C), initially poor in easily soluble P, liming enhanced plant growth as well as P uptake in the second year. However, in spite of intensified P removal, the final content of water- soluble P in the limed soils was not lower than in the unlimed ones. This was assumed to demonstrate an augmented availability of P. Also in the fine sand soil (6.4 % of org. C), rich in water-soluble P, liming slightly improved growth of the second harvest in the pots not treated with P, but it did not affect P removal. In the pots amended with P, on the contrary, liming had no effect on the dry matter yields, but it tended to depress P withdrawal. Nevertheless, all the limed soils contained finally less water-soluble P than the unlimed ones, which suggests a diminished availability. The results of the pot experiment demonstrate that a relatively low soil pH does not necessarily limit growth of turnip rape, provided no nutrient deficiency or metal toxicity occurs.

PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY ALFALFA AS INFLUENCED BY PHOSPHATE SOURCE AND MOISTURE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Beaton ◽  
D. W. L. Read ◽  
W. C. Hinman
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

The effect of phosphate source and soil moisture during the initial soil-fertilizer reaction period on subsequent phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was investigated in a growth chamber. Phosphate-treated soils with moisture adjusted to four different tensions were stored at approximately 18 °C. for 10 weeks. Following this storage interval phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was measured using a short-term technique.Phosphorus content and phosphorus uptake by both tops and roots increased significantly when water-soluble materials such as ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium and monocalcium phosphate were applied. Less soluble sources, i.e., hydroxyapatite and anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, were much less effective. Calcium metaphosphate produced intermediate results.Moisture content of the soil during the reaction period did not greatly alter subsequent P uptake. The water-soluble sources of phosphorus were affected to the greatest degree.Uptake of P was significantly correlated with the amount of P extracted by NaHCO3 from the treated soils. The highest degree of correlation occurred with ammonium polyphosphate treated soil. A significant negative correlation occurred with calcium metaphosphate. With the exception of the 0.8 bar treatment, moisture tension had little influence on the correlation of P uptake with NaHCO3 extractable-P.

scholarly journals The influence of long-term sewage sludge application on the activity of phosphatases in the rhizosphere of plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balík ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
V. Vaněk ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
B. Kotková
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

Model experiments using rhizoboxes were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of different plants (wheat, rape) on the changes in water extractable contents of P, the pH/H2O value and the activity of acidic and alkaline phosphatase in soil of plant rhizosphere. For this experiment, a Cambisol with different long-term fertilizing systems was used: (i) control (with no fertilizer application), (ii) sewage sludge, and (iii) manure. A lower content of water-soluble P was observed in close vicinities of root surfaces (up to 2 mm) at all the studied variants. The control (non-treated) variant reflected a significantly lower content of water-soluble P in the rhizosphere compared to the fertilized ones. The activities of the acidic and alkaline phosphatases were significantly higher in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil (soil outside the rhizosphere). The long-term application of organic fertilizers significantly increased phosphatase activity; the activity of the acidic phosphatase was significantly higher in the rhizosphere of rape plants compared to wheat. The variant treated with manure exhibited an increased activity of both the acidic and alkaline phosphatases compared to the variant treated with sewage sludge. In the case of the variant treated long-term with sewage sludge, the portion of inorganic P to total soil P content proportionally increased compared to the manure-treated variant. Soil of the rape rhizosphere showed a trend of lower pH/H<sub>2</sub>O value of all variants, whereas the wheat rhizosphere showed an opposite pH tendency.

Water-soluble p-carboxybenzylated beechwood 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan: structural features and properties

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ebringerová ◽  
J. Alföldi ◽  
Z. Hromádková ◽  
G.M. Pavlov ◽  
S.E. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

A route to virtually unlimited functionalization of water-soluble p-sulfonatocalix[4]arenes

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (29) ◽  
pp. 4122-4125
Author(s):  
Alexander Gorbunov ◽  
Anna Iskandarova ◽  
Kirill Puchnin ◽  
Valentine Nenajdenko ◽  
Vladimir Kovalev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Cuaac Reaction ◽  
Soluble P

Diverse narrow-rim derivatives can be easily prepared from p-sulfonatocalix[4]arenes using the propargylation/CuAAC reaction sequence.

Mechanochemical Activation and Characterization of Low-Medium Grade Phosphorite Ore

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 3529-3532
Author(s):  
Yu Xing ◽  
Hong Gao ◽  
Yuan Fang Ying ◽  
De Zheng Qu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanochemical Activation ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

The activation effect of ball-to-powder ratio and activation time on phosphorite ore that takes place in mechanochemical activation has been investigated in present paper, which is carried out in a planetary mill AGO-II. The results show that, particle sizes decreased after activation; the leaching rate of water-soluble P2O5 increased 4.6 percentage as ball-to-powder ratio rose from 8:1 to 40:1; the activated particle of samples has been highly dispersed, while the leaching rate of water-soluble P2O5 reached 10.1% after milling 15 minutes during activation, which was 4 times as high as the un-activated samples. The results show a potential utilization of low-medium grade phosphorite ore with mechanochemical activation directly.

Field tests for ferrous iron and ferric-organic complexes (on exchange sites or in water-soluble forms) in soils

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Childs
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Organic Complexes

A 1 M solution of ammonium acetate containing �, �-dipyridyl indicator is recommended for use in field tests for exchangeable and water-soluble ferrous iron in soils. In using the test, a soil sample may be added to a vial containing the solution, or the solution can be sprayed on to a freshly exposed soil face. A field test for ferric-organic complexes in soils, using the same vials, is proposed. This is based on the photochemical nature of the reduction of ferric to ferrous iron in the presence of oxidizable organic ligands. Two subsamples of soil are added to separate vials, and light is excluded from one. After 5-15 min, a positive test for ferrous iron in the vial exposed to light, and a negative test in the other, indicates the presence of ferric-organic complexes.

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