Pengenalan Motif Batik Pandeglang Menggunakan Deteksi Tepi Canny dan Metode K-NN Berbasis Android

INTISASIBatik yang merupakan warisan budaya Indonesia telah ditetapkan UNESCO pada tanggal 2 Oktober 2009 sebagai hak kebudayaan intelektual bangsa Indonesia. Kabupaten Pandeglang pada awalnya tidak memiliki tradisi membatik, namun perkembangan dunia pariwisata di KEK Tanjung Lesung Pandeglang, Banten turut mendorong warga sekitar kawasan wisata KEK Pariwisata Tanjung Lesung untuk menampakan geliatnya. Teknologi komputer juga telah berkembang secara pesat, diawali dengan operasi hitung sederhana hingga bisa melakukan pekerjaan dengan waktu yang singkat. Teknologi komputer yang sedang berkembang adalah pengenalan pola. Pengenalan pola merupakan disiplin ilmu untuk mengklasifikasikan atau menggambarkan sesuatu berdasarkan pengukuran kuantitatif fitur (ciri) atau sifat utama dari suatu obyek. Penelitian ini menggunkan deteksi tepi Canny dan metode K-NN yang merupakan sebuah metode untuk melakukan klasifikasi terhadap objek berdasarkan data yang paling mirip (tetangga terdekat) dengan jumlah k yang telah ditentukan dan mengklasifikasikannya ke dalam kelas baru. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada ekstraksi ciri HOG dengan k terbaik yaitu k=1 persentase rata–rata accuracy sebesar 72%, Untuk persentase tertinggi yaitu pada batik 4 dan batik 14 dengan nilai persentase yang didapat sebesar 100%. Sedangkan persentase terendah yaitu pada batik 1, batik 5, dan batik 13 dengan nilai persentase yang didapat sebesar 40%. Sedangkan pada pengujian ekstraksi ciri GLCM dengan k terbaik yaitu k=9 mendapatkan nilai akurasi sebesar 85%. Untuk persentase tertinggi yaitu pada batik 1, batik 2, batik 3, batik 4, batik 9 dan batik 14 dengan nilai persentase yang didapat sebesar 100%. Sehingga ekstraksi ciri GLCM lebih baik dari ekstraksi ciri HOG. Kata Kunci : Pola, Batik, Klasifikasi, Canny, dan K-NN. ABSTRACT Batik, which is a cultural heritage of Indonesia, was established by UNESCO on October 2, 2009 as the intellectual property rights of the Indonesian people. Pandeglang Regency initially did not have a batik tradition, but the development of the world of tourism in the Tanjung Lesung SEZ, Pandeglang, Banten helped encourage residents around the tourism area of the Tanjung Lesung SEZ to display their stretching. Computer technology has also developed rapidly, beginning with simple arithmetic operations so that it can do work in a short time. Computer technology that is developing is pattern recognition. Pattern recognition is a scientific discipline to classify or describe something based on quantitative measurements of features or the main characteristics of an object. This research uses Canny edge detection and K-NN method which is a method to classify objects based on the most similar data (nearest neighbor) with a predetermined number of k and classify them into new classes. Based on the results of testing on the extraction of HOG features with the best k is k = 1 percentage average accuracy of 72%, the highest percentage is in batik 4 and batik 14 with a percentage value obtained by 100%. While the lowest percentage is in batik 1, batik 5, and batik 13 with a percentage value of 40%. Whereas in the GLCM feature extraction test with the best k, k = 9 get an accuracy value of 85%. For the highest percentage, namely in batik 1, batik 2, batik 3, batik 4, batik 9 and batik 14 with a percentage value of 100%. So that GLCM feature extraction is better than HOG feature extraction. Keywords: Pattern, Batik, Classification, Canny, and K-NN

ARSENIC AND LEAD BIOACCESSIBILITIES MEASURED WITH A NOVEL REACTOR SYSTEM USING THE MEXICAN STANDARD AND PBET METHODS: COMPARISON WITH IN VIVO AND IN VITRO REPORTED DATA

Contaminated soils can become exposure routes of elements toxic to human beings. The health risk of a toxic element by ingestion depends on its bioavailability in the gastrointestinal system, measured in vivo or in vitro. This study aimed to use a novel, versatile reactor (gastrointestinal simulation reactor system to determine bioaccessibility -GSRSB-) to measure lead and arsenic bioaccessibility in the gastric and intestinal phases by applying a modified physiologically based extraction test (PBET). Three composite samples of polluted soils with As (0.50 - 3.25%) and Pb (0.02 - 0.10%) and the certified reference material NIST 2710 were analyzed with this GSRSB-PBET method and the NOM-147 Mexican standard method, which uses an end-over-end shaker. All results were compared to one another. The NIST 2710 results were contrasted with those reported in vivo and in vitro by 14 laboratories. The (GSRSB-PBET) gastric phase ranges were 35.9-55.1 % (As) and 59.6-96.1 % (Pb), while (NOM-147) gastric phases were 35.8-60.4 % (As) and 61.0-70.7 % (Pb). The (GSRSB-PBET) intestinal phase ranges were 39.5-46.9 % (As) and 19.9-31.5 % (Pb). The As and Pb compounds and the stirring technique seem to influence bioaccessibility. On the other hand, the comparison of NIST 2710 results with those reported in vitro and in vivo indicated that As and Pb gastric bioaccessibility obtained with GSRSB-PBET falls into the in vivo results range, while NOM-147 results are higher and fall outside the in vivo range, possibly overestimating the risk. Thus, the proposed method is adequate for modifying the current Mexican Standard Method (NOM-147), which only allows the calculation of Pb gastric bioavailability in vitro.

ASPHALT EXTRACTION TEST INVESTIGATION: POST AUDIT URGENCY AND THE FOLLOW UPS (CASE STUDY: ROAD SEGMENT MAINTENANCE Ir. SOEKARNO Rd–BATU)

In the most common opinions, the asphalt content test cannot be carried out during the post audit. But there are complaints about the poor quality of hotmix asphalt works in public sector projects from road users. In these cases, auditors must maintain reputation of the Government to accommodate trust in the development that has been done, by carrying out the function of monitoring and evaluating, including in the evaluating of road maintenance work. From visual observations, the the most conditions of routine maintenance work (on the study object) are not good as expected. Also, the test results of the asphalt content in the mixture (extraction) have proven that the quality does not meet the required technical specifications, in where the density value and the mixed asphalt content is 15.24% lower than the allowable tolerance. Under these conditions, auditors can assume that the similarity range of asphalt concrete (AC-WC) quality is still too far from the required specifications. Complaints about the poor quality of hotmix asphalt works must be accommodated by auditors to maintain the image and reputation of the Government in the trust of Regional Development.

Design and Characterization of an Asynchronous Fixed Priority Tree Arbiter for SPAD Array Readout

The usage of single-photon avalanche diode arrays is becoming increasingly common in various domains such as medical imaging, automotive vision systems, and optical communications. Nowadays, thanks to the development of microelectronics technologies, the SPAD arrays designed for these applications has been drastically well-facilitated, allowing for the manufacturing of large matrices. However, there are growing challenges for the design of readout circuits with the needs of reducing their energy consumption (linked to the usage cost) and data rate. Indeed, the design of the readout circuit for the SPAD array is generally based on synchronous logic; the latter requires synchronization that may increase the dead time of the SPADs and clock trees management that are known to increase power consumption. With these limitations, the long-neglected asynchronous (clockless) logic proved to be a better alternative because of its ability to operate without a clock. In this paper, we presented the design of a 16-to-1 fixed-priority tree arbiter readout circuit for a SPAD array based on asynchronous logic principles. The design of this circuit was explained in detail and supported by simulation results. The manufactured chip was tested, and the experimental results showed that it is possible to record up to 333 million events per second; no reading errors were detected during the data extraction test.

Effect of different processing conditions on quality of cassava

Sweeteners play a vital role in the food industry serving either as preservative or as addition to consumables. The high intake of sweetener brought about production of artificially synthesized sweetener which has, in turn, given a reason of concern for health on a long term. Cassava is one of the mostly cultivated crops in Nigeria with cassava possessing the highest level of starch compared to other crops. This research explores the abundance of cassava, converting its starch into sweetener (glucose). An extraction test rig was developed as part of the study to extract sweetener from cassava. A 2x3x3 factorial experiment was used to carry out the experiment and the factors considered were cassava varieties (Manihot dulcis and Manihot palmatal), delay period (15, 30 and 45 minutes) and quantity of starch (1, 2 and 4 kg). The SPSS 20.0 was used to carry out the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the measured parameters. The sugar concentration analysis carried out on the cassava sweetener (Manihot dulcis) and (Manihot palmatal), gave values 13.02 and 17.57 mg/mL, respectively which were in line with the established cassava sweetener with value of 12.43 mg/mL. The ANOVA showed the interactive effect of cassava variety, delay period and quantity of starch on the nutritional composition of the sweetener on a 5% confidence level. The result revealed the highest extraction efficiency of which full hydrolysis for cassava variety (Manihot palmatal), 45minutes delay period and 2 kg quantity of starch compared with cassava variety (Manihot dulcis) 45 minutes delay period and 2 kg quantity of starch that gave the extraction efficiency of 76.93% and 78.03%, respectively. In nutritional value and sugar concentration comparison, the cassava sweetener obtained gave values closer to the established cassava sweetener and, as such, is a proper replacement for artificial sweetener.

Bioaccessible arsenic in soil of thermal areas of Viterbo, Central Italy: implications for human health risk

Thermal waters near the city of Viterbo (Central Italy) are known to show high As contents (up to 600 µg/l). Travertine is precipitated by these waters, forming extended plateau. In this study, we determine the As content, speciation and bioaccessibility in soil and travertine samples collected near a recreational area highly frequented by local inhabitants and tourists to investigate the risk of As exposure through accidental ingestion of soil particles. (Pseudo)total contents in the studied soils range from 17 to 528 mg/kg, being higher in soil developed on a travertine substrate (197 ± 127 mg/kg) than on volcanic rocks (37 ± 13 mg/kg). In travertines, most As is bound to the carbonatic fraction, whereas in soil the semimetal is mostly associated with the oxide and residual fractions. Accordingly, bioaccessibility (defined here by the simplified bioaccessibility extraction test, SBET; Oomen et al., 2002.) is maximum (up to 139 mg/kg) for soil developed on a travertine substrate, indicating a control of calcite dissolution on As bioaccessibility. On the other hand, risk analysis suggests a moderate carcinogenic risk associated with accidental soil ingestion, while dermal contact is negligible. By contrast, ingestion of thermal water implies a higher carcinogenic and systemic health risk.

Development of Flow Type Cesium Removing Device Using Fluorinated Solvent

In order to simultaneously achieve separation and volume reduction of radioactive cesium in the aqueous solution, we proposed a solvent extraction using a fluorinated solvent which is a nonflammable liquid having a low boiling point and is easy to distill for regeneration. Firstly optimum conditions for single extraction were determined in a batch operation. The extraction experiment was carried out by changing the pH of 5 mg/L non-radioactive cesium aqueous solution using bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as an extractant. The higher the pH of the aqueous phase and the D2EHPA concentration, the better the removal rate. The highest removal rate was about 60% under the pH=13. From the experimental results, the optimum extraction condition was determined as pH=13 and [D2EHPA]=0.15 mol/L. Next multiple extraction test was carried out under this condition, and 90% cesium removal could be achieved in 3 times extraction. Finally, the flow type device using a static mixer for mixing and extracting parts was proposed and then the cesium removal test was performed. The cesium removal performance of this device was equivalent to the batch system.