scholarly journals Pollinator behaviour in cultivated and wild Arctic Bramble (Rubus arcticus L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Jaakko Kangasjärvi ◽  
Jari Oksanen
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Pollinator Behaviour ◽  
Nearest Neighbours ◽  
Natural Stands

Arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) is a clonally growing, insect-pollinated, self-incompatible plant which is cultivated for its berries. In field studies of cultivated and natural stands it was observed that the pollinators (bumble bees and honey bees) foraged optimally, i.e., flight was towards the nearest flower. Therefore, in cultivation the plants should be planted so that the nearest neighbours belong to different clones. In general, the pollinators preferred white clover (Trifolium repens), growing as a weed, and cultivated strawberry as opposed to the arctic bramble. These plants appeared to be severe competitors for the pollinators, and care should therefore be taken to reduce their influence.

White Clover (Trifolium repens) Control and Flower Head Suppression in Apple Orchards

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. MacRae ◽  
Wayne E. Mitchem ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Michael L. Parker
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Plant Control

White clover is a weed in apple orchards that competes with the crop; also, flowers of this weed are unwanted attractants of honey bees at times when insecticides, which are harmful to these pollinators, are being applied. In 1997 and 1998, white clover flower head and plant control by clopyralid alone and with 2,4-D and apple tolerance to these herbicides were determined. Treatments consisted of clopyralid at 0.10 and 0.21 kg ae/ha, 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae/ha plus 0.03 or 0.05 kg ae/ha clopyralid, which were applied 2 wk before full apple bloom and 2 wk after full apple bloom, and a nontreated check. No crop injury occurred with any treatment. All herbicide treatments provided some white clover control and flower head suppression. No differences in white clover bloom reduction were observed through May among treatments containing clopyralid. As summer progressed, the effect of clopyralid rate became more apparent. Clopyralid at 0.21, regardless of application time, provided 99% vegetative control and 100% flower head reduction through July. Clopyralid plus 2,4-D controlled white clover better than 2,4-D alone. However, vegetative control and flower head reduction with clopyralid at reduced rates (0.03 or 0.05 kg ae/ha) plus 2,4-D were not acceptable (76% or less and 78% or less, respectively). Thus, clopyralid at 0.10 and 0.21 kg ae/ha will be necessary for acceptable white clover vegetation control and flower head reduction.

THE PERFORMANCE OF S170 TALL FESCUE IN CANTERBURY

1974 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
B.R. Watkin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Selection Of

AN Aberystwyth selection of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), known as S170, was sown with certified New Zealand white clover (Trifolium repens) and re' clover (T. pratense) and compared under sheep grazing with other grass/clover pastures at the Grasslands Division Regional Station at Lincoln (Watkin, 1975) .

Nodulation of white clover (Trifolium repens) in the absence ofRhizobium

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 179 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blauenfeldt ◽  
P. A. Joshi ◽  
P. M. Gresshoff ◽  
G. Caetano-Anollés
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens

scholarly journals Olfactory coding in the antennal lobe of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Mertes ◽  
Julie Carcaud ◽  
Jean-Christophe Sandoz
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Olfactory Coding ◽  
Major Transitions

AbstractSociality is classified as one of the major transitions in evolution, with the largest number of eusocial species found in the insect order Hymenoptera, including the Apini (honey bees) and the Bombini (bumble bees). Bumble bees and honey bees not only differ in their social organization and foraging strategies, but comparative analyses of their genomes demonstrated that bumble bees have a slightly less diverse family of olfactory receptors than honey bees, suggesting that their olfactory abilities have adapted to different social and/or ecological conditions. However, unfortunately, no precise comparison of olfactory coding has been performed so far between honey bees and bumble bees, and little is known about the rules underlying olfactory coding in the bumble bee brain. In this study, we used in vivo calcium imaging to study olfactory coding of a panel of floral odorants in the antennal lobe of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris. Our results show that odorants induce reproducible neuronal activity in the bumble bee antennal lobe. Each odorant evokes a different glomerular activity pattern revealing this molecule’s chemical structure, i.e. its carbon chain length and functional group. In addition, pairwise similarity among odor representations are conserved in bumble bees and honey bees. This study thus suggests that bumble bees, like honey bees, are equipped to respond to odorants according to their chemical features.

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